Possibilities for drag reduction by boundary layer control

The mechanics of laminar boundary layer transition are reviewed. Drag possibilities for boundary layer control are analyzed using assumed conditions of transition Reynolds number, inlet loss, number of slots, blower efficiency, and duct losses. Although the results of such analysis are highly favorable, those obtained by experimental investigations yield conflicting results, showing only small gains, and sometimes losses. Reduction of this data indicates that there is a lower limit to the quantity of air which must be removed at the slot in order to stabilize the laminar flow. The removal of insufficient air permits transition to occur while the removal of excessive amounts of air results in high power costs, with a net drag increases. With the estimated value of flow coefficient and duct losses equal to half the dynamic pressure, drag reductions of 50% may be obtained; with twice this flow coefficient, the drag saving is reduced to 25%

Comparison of Predicted and Observed Dioxin Levels in Fish: Implications for Risk Assessment

After comparing sampled and modelled dioxin levels in the tissue of fish near pulp and paper mill discharges, the authors argue that, until an improved bioaccumulation model is incorporated into EPA\u27s Risk assessment process, determination of human health Risks associated with consuming dioxin-contaminated fish should be based on sampling

Problematika propojování informačních systémů

Příspěvek se zabývá problematikou propojování informačních systémů ve státní správě, popisem stávající situace a návrhů řešení. Řešení je navrhováno pouze v rovině IT, ostatní aspekty řešení (sociální a právní) nejsou řešeny.Article is focused to the area of interconnecting of public administration information systems, description of actual situation and drafts of possible ways. The draft is done only on IT level; other aspects (social and juristic) are not described

The Plaintiff\u27s Plight: Altering Alaska\u27s Rule 82 toBetter Compensate Plaintiffs

Alaska is unique among the fifty states in its use of a version of the English rule of attorneys\u27 fees in civil cases. Alaska Rule of Civil Procedure 82, in combination with several other rules, effectuates a fee shift such that the losing party pays a portion of the winning party\u27s attorneys\u27 fees. Rule 82 has two fee schedules: one for monetary judgments and one for non-monetary judgments. The monetary judgment fee awards are based in part on the amount of the judgment, while the non-monetary judgment fee awards are based on the victorious party\u27s actual, reasonable attorneys\u27 fees. This difference in the way fee awards are calculated creates a disparity between plaintiffs, who seek damages, and defendants, who seek dismissal. While previous scholarship has noted this disparity, no commentator has proposed and defended a solution. This Note examines the English and American Rules historically and through a law and economics framework. It then analyzes Rule 82 and its companion rules. Ultimately, this Note concludes that the Alaska Supreme Court or the Alaska State Legislature should alter Rule 82 to create better parity between plaintiffs and defendants and cap the amount of fees that can be exacted from a defeated party