Associated deaths and disability-adjusted life-years caused by infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Switzerland, 2010 to 2019.

BackgroundCassini et al. (2019) estimated that, in 2015, infections with 16 different antibiotic-resistant bacteria resulted in ca 170 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) per 100,000 population in the European Union and European Economic area (EU/EEA). The corresponding estimate for Switzerland was about half of this (87.8 DALYs per 100,000 population) but still higher than that of several EU/EEA countries (e.g. neighbouring Austria (77.2)).AimIn this study, the burden caused by the same infections due to antibiotic-resistant bacteria ('AMR burden') in Switzerland from 2010 to 2019 was estimated and the effect of the factors 'linguistic region' and 'hospital type' on this estimate was examined.MethodsNumber of infections, DALYs and deaths were estimated according to Cassini et al. (2019) whereas separate models were built for each linguistic region/hospital type combination.ResultsDALYs increased significantly from 3,995 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 3;327-4,805) in 2010 to 6,805 (95% UI: 5,820-7,949) in 2019. Linguistic region and hospital type stratifications significantly affected the absolute values and the slope of the total AMR burden estimates. DALYs per population were higher in the Latin part of Switzerland (98 DALYs per 100,000 population; 95% UI: 83-115) compared with the German part (57 DALYs per 100,000 population; 95% UI: 49-66) and in university hospitals (165 DALYs per 100,000 hospitalisation days; 95% UI: 140-194) compared with non-university hospitals (62 DALYs per 100,000 hospitalisation days; 95% UI: 53-72).ConclusionsThe AMR burden estimate in Switzerland has increased significantly between 2010 and 2019. Considerable differences depending on the linguistic region and the hospital type were identified - a finding which affects the nationwide burden estimation

An evaluation of the evidence brief for policy development process in WHO EVIPNet Europe countries.

BACKGROUND: Evidence briefs for policy (EBPs) represent a potentially powerful tool for supporting evidence-informed policy-making. Since 2012, WHO Evidence-Informed Policy Network (EVIPNet) Europe has been supporting Member States in developing EBPs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of developing EBPs in Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia. METHODS: We used a rapid appraisal approach, combining semi-structured interviews and document review, guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) process evaluation framework. Interviews were conducted with a total of 20 individuals familiar with the EBP process in the three study countries. Data were analysed thematically, and emerging themes were related back to the MRC framework components (implementation, mechanisms of impact, and context). We also reflected on the appropriateness of this evaluation approach for EVIPNet teams without evaluation research expertise to conduct themselves. RESULTS: The following themes emerged as important to the EBP development process: how the focus problem is prioritized, who initiates this process, EBP team composition, EBP team leadership, availability of external support in the process, and the culture of policy-making in a country. In particular, the EBP process seemed to be supported by early engagement of the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders as initiators, clear EBP team roles and expectations, including a strong leader, external support to strengthen EBP team capacity and cultural acceptance of the necessity of evidence-informed policy-making. Overall, the evaluation approach was considered feasible by the EBP teams and captured rich qualitative data, but may be limited by the absence of external reviewers and long lag times between the EBP process and the evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: This process occurs in a complex system and must be conceptualized in each country and each EBP project in a way that fits local policy-making culture, priorities, leadership and team styles, roles and available resources. The use of a rapid appraisal approach, combining qualitative interviews and document review, is a feasible method of process evaluation for EVIPNet member countries

Globale und nationale Strategien gegen Antibiotikaresistenzen

Die Ausbreitung von Antibiotikaresistenzen wurde in den letzten Jahren zunehmend als Problem im Bereich globale Gesundheit wahrgenommen, das nur mit einem sektorenübergreifenden Ansatz im Sinne von One Health angegangen werden kann. Es existieren zahlreiche Initiativen und Aktivitäten, die sich mit der Problematik befassen und beispielhaft im Folgenden vorgestellt werden. Als Grundlage zur Bekämpfung von Antibiotikaresistenzen dient der Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, der gemeinsam von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO), der Ernährungs- und Landwirtschaftsorganisation der Vereinten Nationen (FAO) und der Weltorganisation für Tiergesundheit (OIE) entwickelt und von den Mitgliedsstaaten im Jahr 2015 verabschiedet wurde. Die Mitgliedsstaaten haben sich zudem dazu verpflichtet, eigene nationale Aktionspläne zu entwickeln und zu implementieren. Deutschland hat mit der Deutschen Antibiotika-Resistenzstrategie DART 2020 bereits im Jahr 2015 eine überarbeitete Strategie vorgelegt, die die wesentlichen Punkte und Ziele des Globalen Aktionsplans aufgreift. Im Folgenden werden einige Beispiele für die Umsetzung erläutert.Peer Reviewe

Additional file 1 of An evaluation of the evidence brief for policy development process in WHO EVIPNet Europe countries

Additional file 1: Appendix S1. Data collection tool for semi-structured interviews. Appendix S2. Composition of EBP teams in each study country