On Extensions of Superconformal Algebras

Starting from vector fields that preserve a differential form on a Riemann sphere with Grassmann variables, one can construct a Superconformal Algebra by considering central extensions of the algebra of vector fields. In this note, the N=4 case is analyzed closely, where the presence of weight zero operators in the field theory forces the introduction of non-central extensions. How this modifies the existing Field Theory, Representation Theory and Gelfand-Fuchs constructions is discussed. It is also discussed how graded Riemann sphere geometry can be used to give a geometrical description of the central charge in the N=1 theory.Comment: 16 Pages, LaTeX2e, references added, typesetting fixed, Journal ref adde

Durability of solvent-free one-step self-etch adhesive under simulated intrapulpal pressure

Background: There are different solvents presented in simplified adhesives. Bond-1 SF has been developed, which contains neither water nor organic solvents, in order to eliminate technical issues in terms of evaporation of solvents and concerns for the durability of resin-dentin bond. Thus this study was conducted to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of solvent-free and ethanol-based one-step self-etch adhesives to dentin under simulated intrapulpal pressure (IPP). Material and Methods: Occlusal surfaces of human molars were prepared to expose mid-dentin depth. Bond-1SF Solvent-Free SE [SF] and Adper TM easy one [AE] adhesives were applied on dentin specimens. Resin composite build up was done in increments. Then specimens were stored under simulated IPP 20 mmHg, immersed in artificial saliva at 37 ºC for 24 hours (24h) and 6 months (6m). Specimens were sectioned into sticks of (1 mm²) to be tested for (μTBS) using a universal testing machine. Both fractured sections of each stick were inspected using a stereomicroscope at 40× magnification to determine the mode of failure. Data were statistically analyzed by Two- way ANOVA of Variance. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean μTBS of both [SF] and [AE] adhesives at both aging periods, 24h and 6m ( p < 0.1103) and ( p < 0.7148) respectively. Only for [AE] there was statistical significance for aging periods ( p < 0.0057*). The most represented mode of failure were adhesive failure at tooth side. Conclusions: Under simulated IPP solvent-free adhesive [SF] had comparable performance as ethanol-based adhesive [AE] when bonded to dentin substrate

Progress of Cooperative Banks in India

Cooperative is one of the oldest and effective systems in terms of development of human civilization. Cooperative institutions are organized and managed on the principle of cooperation, self-help and mutual help. There are different types of cooperative institutions functioning in India. As far as the institutional credit structure is concerned, cooperatives play a significant role in this regard. Cooperative credit institutions are spread all over India and are providing their services at the grass root level. As main portion of the population in India lives in rural areas so it is important to strengthen the cooperative credit institutions in these areas. The major advantage of the institutions is their strong branch network which covers entire area of the country. This paper attempts to study the Co-operative Banking in India. The paper mainly focuses on the branch networking, capital, advances, deposits, borrowing, loans issued and outstanding performance of these banks in India. Basically we have studied the growth and performance of Co-operative Banks in India. The study is based on secondary data. The data required for the study has been collected from RBI annual reports, Journals, reports on trend and progress of banking in India, Annual Reports of NAFSCOB etc

Effect of resin thickness, and curing time on the micro-hardness of bulk-fill resin composites

Background: Bulk-fill resin composite has been introduced, their manufacturers claimed that they can be applied in bulks of 4mm, without necessitating a prolonged curing time, or a light curing unit with increased irradiance. Thus this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of resin thickness, and curing time on the micro-hardness of two bulk -fill resin composites; Tetric Evo-Ceram [TE], and X-trafil [XF]. Material and Methods: 120 cylindrical specimens were prepared, and divided into 24 groups (n=5/group), representing the two bulk-fill resin composites, three different material thicknesses (2, 3 and 4 mm) and the four curing times used in the study (10, 20, 40, and 60 seconds). The specimens were light-cured from the top surface only. Specimens were stored in light proof containers in complete darkness at 37°C for 24 hours. Micro-hardness test was conducted on both top and bottom surfaces using Vickers micro-hardness tester with 500 g load and a dwell time of 15 seconds. Data were statistically analyzed by Four-way ANOVA of Variance. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. Pearson Correlation used to determine significant correlations between mean micro-hardness (top) and (bottom) surfaces. Results: Four way-ANOVA shows that different tested materials produce a statistically significant effect on mean micro-hardness (VHN) at p ≤0.001, while thickness, curing time, and surface revealed statistically non significant effect on mean micro-hardness (VHN) at p ≥0.05. [XF] (92.01±3.15 VHN) showed statistically significant higher mean micro-hardness than [TE] (54.13±4.96 VHN). Pearson Correlation revealed that there was a significant direct correlation between micro-hardness (bottom) and mean micro-hardness (top) (mm), r = 0.985, p (2-tailed) ≤0.001. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the bulk-fill resin composites used in this study can be placed and cured properly in the 4 mm bul

Realisierungsformen der Sprechereinstellung in der deutschen Wissenschaftskommunikation - Versuch einer Klassifikation

Die Klasse der Sprechereinstellung gilt als eine heterogene Klasse, die sprachlich durch diverse Ausdrucksformen realisiert wird. Trotz der Heterogenität der Realisierungsformen werden dieser Klasse keine Arbeiten zur Differenzierung zwischen den einzelnen Formen gewidmet. Die Sprechereinstellung ist der Modalität zuzuordnen. In der Literatur gibt es jedoch verschiedene semantisch-logische Typologien für die Modalität, nämlich subjektive und objektive Modalität (Helbig/Buscha 1996, S. 131 f.), epistemische und nicht-epistemische Modalität (Duden 2005, S. 562 ff.), logische, psychologische und soziale Modalität (Gabelentz 1891, S. 495 ff.) und kognitive, volitive und emotive Modalität (Bublitz 1978, S. 6 f.) Redder (2009, S. 88 ff.) macht einen Vorschlag zur Unterscheidung zwischen drei handlungstheoretischen Arten der Modalität, die die kommunikative Qualität der Modalität in den Vordergrund rücken. Diese Arten sind Handlungsmodalität, Wirklichkeitsmodalität und Wissensmodalität. In diesem Klassifizierungsversuch sind die Realisierungsformen der Sprechereinstellung unter der Wissensmodalität zu finden. Auf dieser Basis wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit versucht, eine wissensbezogene Klassifikation der variablen Realisierungsformen der Sprechereinstellung aus funktional-pragmatischer Sicht in einer konkreten Textart zu erstellen, nämlich im wissenschaftlichen Text. Parallel zur Klassifizierung lässt sich ebenso die Handlungsqualität der Sprechereinstellung darin ermitteln

Superconformal Primary Fields on a Graded Riemann Sphere

Primary superfields for a two dimensional Euclidean superconformal field theory are constructed as sections of a sheaf over a graded Riemann sphere. The construction is then applied to the N=3 Neveu-Schwarz case. Various quantities in the N=3 theory are calculated and discussed, such as formal elements of the super-Mobius group, and the two-point function.Comment: LaTeX2e, 23 pages; fixed typos, sorted references, modified definition of primary superfield on page

Evaluation of diode laser application on chemical analysis and surface microhardness of white spots enamel lesions with two remineralizing agents

To investigate the effect of diode laser application and two commercial remineralizing agents on the remineralization and surface microhardness of white spot enamel lesions. Sixty specimens were prepared then equally divided into six groups (n=10/group), according to the diode laser and the two commercial remineralizing agents applied to demineralized enamel surfaces (APF gel and sodium fluoride NaF mousse) with or without diode Laser application as follows; Group A; control, Group B; diode Laser application, Group C; APF gel application, Group D; NaF mousse application, Group E; APF gel application + diode Laser, Group F; NaF mousse application+ diode Laser. Then the teeth were investigated for their Ca, P & F ions content and surface microhardness. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey?s (HSD) post hoc test were used for statistical analysis. Ca ion wt% showed no statistically significant difference between tested groups, with the highest mean value recorded with Group C. P ion wt%, showed a statistically significant difference between Groups A and C, and the highest mean value was recorded for Group A. The highest F ion wt% was recorded for Group C, while the lowest was recorded for both A and B groups. The highest significant microhardness mean values was recorded for Group E, while the lowest was recorded for Group A. Diode Laser treatment of the demineralized enamel surface had a positive influence on the chemistry and surface microhardness and it may represent a promising adjunct for enamel surface remineralization

CoRiMaS—An Ontological Approach to Cooperative Risk Management in Seaports

For today’s global value chains, seaports and their operations are indispensable components. In many cases, the cargo handling takes place in close proximity to residential and/or environmentally sensitive areas. Furthermore, seaports are often not operated by a single organization, but need to be considered as communities of sometimes hundreds of internal and external stakeholders. Due to their close cooperation in the cargo handling process, risk management should be a common approach among the internal stakeholders as well in order to effectively mitigate and respond to emerging risks. However, empirical research has revealed that risk management is often limited to the organization itself, which indicates a clear lack of cooperation. Primary reasons in this regard are missing knowledge about the relations and responsibilities within the port and differing terminologies. Therefore, we propose an ontology (CoRiMaS) that implements a developed reference model for risk management that explicitly aims at seaports with a cooperative approach to risk management. CoRiMaS has been designed looking at the Semantic Web and at the Linked Data model to provide a common interoperable vocabulary in the target domain. The key concepts of our ontology comprise the hazard, stakeholder, seaport, cooperation aspect, and risk management process. We validated our ontology by applying it in a case study format to the Port of Hamburg (Germany). The CoRiMaS ontology can be widely applied to foster cooperation within and among seaports. We believe that such an ontological approach has the potential to improve current risk management practices and, thereby, to increase the resilience of operations, as well as the protection of sensitive surrounding areas.</jats:p

Effect of Arginine and nano-hydroxyapatite application on the hypersensitivity and color change of bleached enamel : a randomized controlled clinical trial

To evaluate the effect of 2.5% Arginine and nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) application on the post-bleaching hypersensitivity (HS) and color change in a randomized controlled trial. Sixty-four participants were randomly allocated to four groups (n=16) accor