A Contribution to the Embryology of Dilleniaceae

Dilleniaceae is chiefly an australasian and tropical american family with herbs, shrubs and trees. The two arborascent genera like Dillenia and Wormia are present in South India and Ceylon respectively. The former is very common in the western ghats of Mysore State, India, well represented by D. pentagyna and D. indica. Many species of Wormia are present in Ceylon. Gilg and Werdermann (1925) include both the genera under the fourth sub-order of the family Dillenieae, in \u27Die naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien\u27. The earlier literature on the embryology of this family shows that three genera have been investigated so far; Schnarf (1924) on Hibbertia dentata, Paetow (1931) on Wormia Suffruticosa, and Swamy and Periasamy (1955) on Acrotrema arnottianum. The present investigation deals with the gametophyte development of Wormia burbidgei Hook, and Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. About the latter a brief note has already been published by Nagaraja Rao (1955)

Flower Development and Gametogenesis in Oenothera laciniata Hill

Calyx, carpels, stamens, and corolla arise in acropetal succession. The wall of the anther has four layers of cells. The tapetum is binucleate and is of glandular type. Tricolpate pollen grains are triangular in outline and are binucleate at the time of shedding. The cells of the endothecium have spiral thickenings. Development of the ovule is described. The synergids have filiform apparatus with prominent hooks. Pollen tube enters porogamously and destroys one of the synergids during its entry. A hypostase is organized at the chalazal end of the ovule. The present observations are discussed in relation to the previous literature

COMPARATIVE STUDY ON CARRIER OVERLAPPING PWM STRATEGIES FOR THREE PHASE FIVE LEVEL DIODE CLAMPED AND CASCADED INVERTERS

This paper proposes three Carrier Overlapping PWM (COPWM) methods that utilize the (CFD) control freedom degree of vertical offsets among carriers. They are: COPWM-A, COPWM-B, COPWM-C these three methods are simulated . This paper presents a comparative study of diode clamped and cascaded three phase five-level inverters based on sinusoidal PWM& modified space vector PWM control techniques. Performance analysis is based on the results of simulation study conducted on the operation of the multilevel inverters using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. For comparison purposes, non-overlapping phase disposition PWM (PD PWM) using SPWM and modified space vector PWM is also presented. The performance parameters chosen the work included fundamental output voltage and total harmonic distortion. . A hardware set up was developed for a single-phase 5-level cascaded inverter topology using constant pulses

Activated carbon from bagasse

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Carbocations from Arene Hydrates and Arene Oxides

Arene hydrates are water adducts of aromatic molecules that readily dehydrate and aromatise in the presence of acids. The mechanism of this reaction is similar to that for the dehydration of alcohols. Protonation of a hydroxyl group is followed by C-O bond cleavage to form a benzenonium ionlike carbocation intermediate which then loses a proton (in contrast to alcohols, in a fast step) to yield the aromatic product. Rates of reaction are sensitive to the stability of the carbocation. They are also strongly decreased by benzoannelation: thus benzene hydrate is 500 times more reactive than l-hydroxy-l,2-dihydronaphthalene (naphthalene hydrate) which is 100 times more reactive than 9,10-phenanthrene hydrate. For the analogous dehydration of 3-substituted cis-benzenedihydrodiols to phenols p has a normal value of -7.2 but, unexpectedly, rate constants for +M resonance substituents MeO, EtO and Me are correlated by ap rather than a*. Comparison of benzene hydrate with benzene oxide shows, surprisingly, that the latter is the less reactive towards acids despite epoxides normally being 106-107 times more reactive than structurally related alcohols. For a series of arene oxides and hydrates oxide/hydrate rate ratios are inversely related to the resonance energy of the aromatised ring. This behaviour is tentatively ascribed to homoaromatic stabilisation of the arene oxide ring

Osjetljiva spektrofotometrijska metoda za određivanje sulfonamida u farmaceutskim pripravcima

A new, simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of some sulfonamide drugs has been developed. The method is based on the diazotisation of sulfacetamide, sulfadiazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfamerazine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole and coupling with 8-hydroxyquinoline in alkaline media to yield red coloured products, with absorption maximum at 500 nm. The Beer’s law is obeyed from 0.17.0 µg mL1. The limits of quantification and limits of detection were 0.110.18 and 0.030.5 µg mL1, respectively. Intraday precision (RSD 0.10.5%) and accuracy (recovery 97.3100.8) of the developed method were evaluated. No interference was observed from common adjuvants. The method has been successfully applied to the assay of sulpha drug in the pharmaceutical formulations.U radu je opisana nova, jednostavna i osjetljiva spektrofotometrijska metoda za određivanje sulfonamida. Metoda se temelji na prevođenju sulfacetamida, sulfadiazina, sulfagvanidina, sulfamerazina, sulfometazina i sulfametoksazola u diazoderivate koji kondenzacijom s 8-hidroksikinolinom u alkalnom mediju daju crveno obojene produkte s maksimumom apsorpcije pri 500 nm. Beerov zakon vrijedi u koncentracijskom rasponu 0,17,0 µg mL1. Granice kvantifikacije i granice detekcije su 0,11-0,18, odnosno 0,03-0,05 µg mL-1. Za predloženu metodu procijenjene su intermedirska preciznost (RSD 0.1-0,5%) i točnost (analitički povrat 97,3-100,8). Uobičanjene pomoćne tvari u tabletama ne interferiraju tijekom određivanja. Metoda je uspješno primijenjena za analizu sulfonamida u farmaceutskim pripravcima

Oceanic squids - their distribution, abundance and potential in the EEZ of India and contiguous seas

FORV Sagar Sampada collected a good number of oceanic squids belonging to several families from the Indian EEZ and contiguous seas. Of these, the most important species was the purpleback flying squid Symplectoteuthis oualaniensis which forms a potential oceanic squid resource. This species was caught in pelagic trawl at depths up to.200-250 m from surface in the oceanic areas. Though the squid is known to be distributed throughout India's oceanic waters, it frequently occurred in comparatively more abundance, up to 318 squids per haul, in the northneastem Arabian Sea. There was wide variation in the size of this squid (from 20 mm to 472 mm), the largest individual weighing 4.5 kg. The diamondback squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus, the largest specimen of which measured 585 mm in length and 5.3 kg in weight, was also caught from a few stations. Besides these large species, several others belonging to families such as Onychoteuthidae, Histioteuthidae, Enoploteuthidae and Cranchiidae are also distributed in the EEZ. A large number of oceanic squids were collected at night, which is indicative of their diel vertical migration towards surface layers during night hours

Survival Outcomes in T3 Laryngeal Cancers: Primary Total Laryngectomy vs. Concurrent Chemoradiation or Radiation Therapy-A Meta-Analysis

Background: The management of cT3 laryngeal cancers remains controversial, with studies recommending surgical or non-surgical approaches. Despite the many papers that have been published on the subject, there is a lack of studies showing which treatment has better results in terms of survival. Objective: To determine the difference in survival outcomes following total laryngectomy (TL), concurrent chemoradiation (CRT) or radiation therapy (RT) alone in T3 laryngeal cancers. Methods: Search of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from 1995 to 2023 employing specific keywords and Boolean operators to retrieve relevant articles. Statistical analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and heterogeneity was evaluated using the Q-test and I2 statistic. Funnel plot asymmetry was assessed using rank correlation and regression tests. Results: The qualitative data synthesis comprised 10,940 patients from 16 included studies. TL was performed in 2149 (19.4%), CRT in 6723 (61.5%), RT in 295 (2.7%), while non-surgical treatment was not specified in 1773 (16.2%) patients. The pooled 2-year overall survival (OS) rates were TL = 73%, CRT = 74.7%, RT = 57.9%, 3-year OS rates were TL = 64.3%, CRT = 62.9%, RT = 52.4%, and 5-year OS rates were TL = 54.2%, CRT = 52.7%, RT = 40.8%. There was a significant heterogeneity in the included studies. There was no statistically significant difference in 2-year OS (logOR= -0.88 (95% confidence interval (CI): -1.99 to 0.23), p = 0.12), 3-year OS (logOR = -0.6 (95% CI: -1.34 to 0.15), p = 0.11), and 5-year OS (logOR = -0.54 (95% CI: -1.29 to 0.21), p = 0.16) between TL and CRT. Instead, there was significant difference in 2-year OS (logOR= -1.2383 (95% CI: -2.1679 to -0.3087), p = 0.009), 3-year OS (-1.1262 (95% CI: -1.6166 to -0.6358), p < 0.001), and 5-year OS (-0.99 (95% CI: -1.44 to -0.53)), p < 0.001) between TL and RT alone. Conclusions and Significance: TL followed with adjuvant (chemo)radiation on indication and CRT with salvage surgery in reserve appear to have similar OS outcomes. Both resulted in better OS outcomes compared to RT alone in the treatment of T3 laryngeal cancers. If patients are unfit for chemotherapy, making CRT impossible, surgery may become the choice of treatment