Correlación entre recuento de micronúcleos y hábito tabáquico: Un estudio hospitalario.

Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible cyto-plasmic chromatin mass in the extranuclear vicinity, originating from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle poles during mitosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare cytogenetic changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers based on the occurrence of micronuclei. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the micronuclei count and the frequency and duration of smoking habit. Materials and Methods: Two groups (smokers and non-smokers) of 34 individuals each were examined. Cytological buccal smears were taken from participants using a moistened wooden spatula and stained with standard Papanicolaou stain. Presence of micronuclei was assessed at 40X magnification using a light microscope and a count per 500 cells was determined. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Student t-test. Result: Smears from smokers showed a significant increase in the total number of micronuclei per 500 cell count compared to non-smokers. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. A age-related increase in older age groups was also observed. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. This observation is vital in the utilization of the micronuclei detection in smears as a prognostic, educational and interventional tool in the management of patients with smoking habits.Antecedentes: El micronúcleo es una masa de cromatina citoplasmática microscópicamente visible en el área extranuclear, que se origina a partir de la mitosis aberrante, y que consiste en cromosomas excéntricos que no han podido alcanzar los polos del huso durante la mitosis. El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar y comparar los cambios citogenéticos en la mucosa bucal de fumadores y no fumadores en función de la aparición de micronúcleos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación entre el recuento de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del hábito de fumar. Materiales and Métodos: Se examinaron dos grupos (fumadores y no fumadores) de 34 individuos cada uno. Se tomaron frotis bucales citológicos de todos los participantes con una espátula de madera humedecida y se tiñeron con la tinción estándar de Papanicolaou. La presencia de micronúcleos se evaluó al microscopio óptico con un aumento de 40X y se determinó un recuento por 500 células. Los resultados del estudio se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, el coeficiente de correlación de rango de Spearman y la prueba t de Student. Resultados: Los frotis de fumadores mostraron un aumento significativo en el número total de micronúcleos por 500 células en comparación con los no fumadores. Hubo una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. También se observó un aumento relacionado con la edad en los grupos de mayor edad. Conclusión: el estudio revela una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. Esta observación es vital en la utilización de la detección de micronúcleos en frotis como una herramienta pronostica, educativa e intervencionista en el manejo de pacientes con hábitos de fumar

Determination of the internal anatomy of a permanent dentition: A review

The human dental pulp takes on numerous configurations and shapes. The primary requirements for the successful treatment outcome are a thorough knowledge of the tooth morphology, careful interpretation of radiographs, proper access preparation and a detailed exploration of the interior of the tooth. Various aids like magnification and illumination must be utilized to achieve this goal. The following article is an attempt to describe and illustrate the various methods, which are used to determine the internal anatomy of the teeth. It is essential to understand the complexity of the root canal system and it is equally essential to understand the principles and problems associated with shaping and cleaning for determining working length and for determining the apical limits of canal preparations for performing microsurgical procedures

The correlation between micronuclei count and smoking behavior: A hospital-based study.

Background: Micronucleus is a microscopically visible cyto-plasmic chromatin mass in the extranuclear vicinity, originating from aberrant mitosis, which consists of eccentric chromosomes that have failed to reach spindle poles during mitosis. The present study was designed to evaluate and compare cytogenetic changes in the buccal mucosa of smokers and non-smokers based on the occurrence of micronuclei. The study aimed to determine the correlation between the micronuclei count and the frequency and duration of smoking habit. Materials and Methods: Two groups (smokers and non-smokers) of 34 individuals each were examined. Cytological buccal smears were taken from participants using a moistened wooden spatula and stained with standard Papanicolaou stain. Presence of micronuclei was assessed at 40X magnification using a light microscope and a count per 500 cells was determined. The results of the study were analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and Student t-test. Result: Smears from smokers showed a significant increase in the total number of micronuclei per 500 cell count compared to non-smokers. There was a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. A age-related increase in older age groups was also observed. Conclusion: The study reveals a strong positive correlation between the occurrence of micronuclei and the frequency and duration of smoking. This observation is vital in the utilization of the micronuclei detection in smears as a prognostic, educational and interventional tool in the management of patients with smoking habits.Antecedentes: El micronúcleo es una masa de cromatina citoplasmática microscópicamente visible en el área extranuclear, que se origina a partir de la mitosis aberrante, y que consiste en cromosomas excéntricos que no han podido alcanzar los polos del huso durante la mitosis. El presente estudio fue diseñado para evaluar y comparar los cambios citogenéticos en la mucosa bucal de fumadores y no fumadores en función de la aparición de micronúcleos. El estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar la correlación entre el recuento de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del hábito de fumar. Materiales and Métodos: Se examinaron dos grupos (fumadores y no fumadores) de 34 individuos cada uno. Se tomaron frotis bucales citológicos de todos los participantes con una espátula de madera humedecida y se tiñeron con la tinción estándar de Papanicolaou. La presencia de micronúcleos se evaluó al microscopio óptico con un aumento de 40X y se determinó un recuento por 500 células. Los resultados del estudio se analizaron estadísticamente utilizando la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, el coeficiente de correlación de rango de Spearman y la prueba t de Student. Resultados: Los frotis de fumadores mostraron un aumento significativo en el número total de micronúcleos por 500 células en comparación con los no fumadores. Hubo una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. También se observó un aumento relacionado con la edad en los grupos de mayor edad. Conclusión: el estudio revela una fuerte correlación positiva entre la aparición de micronúcleos y la frecuencia y duración del tabaquismo. Esta observación es vital en la utilización de la detección de micronúcleos en frotis como una herramienta pronostica, educativa e intervencionista en el manejo de pacientes con hábitos de fumar

Radiographic assessment of distribution of mandibular third molar impaction: A retrospective study

Introduction: Third molars are the most common teeth that may follow an abortive eruption path and become impacted as a result of pathology, anatomical structures or insufficient osseous space posterior to the second molars. Aims and Objectives: The present study evaluated (1) the distribution of the impaction of mandibular third molar; (2) the distribution of the patterns of impaction radiographically; and (3) the gender distribution for pattern of impaction. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based retrospective study was conducted over a course of 6 months in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology and presents the analysis of 122 panoramic radiographs of patients between the age group of 18-30 years. They were interpreted and assessed for the impaction of mandibular third molars. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test. Results: Bilateral impaction of mandibular third molar is more common than unilateral in both the sexes, with mesioangular being the most common pattern. In males, mesioangular pattern was followed by horizontal, whereas in females it was followed by vertical. Conclusion: The present study provides useful data regarding the radiographic status of impacted mandibular third molars in patients

Cleidocranial dysplasia presenting with retained deciduous teeth and impacted permanent and supernumerary teeth

Cleidocranial dysplasia is a disease that occurs secondary to a dominant autosomal inheritance. There is no predilection for any genre or ethnic group. As there is a delay in the eruption and/or absence of permanent teeth, the patients usually report to a dental surgeon for replacement of the missing teeth. This condition is characterized by several cranial malformations and underdevelopment, absence of clavicles, and multiple impacted supernumerary and permanent teeth. The diagnosis of the condition is usually based on the presence of the above-mentioned main features and on clinical and familial evidence. Here we report a rare case of cleidocranial dysplasia in a male patient, having most of the characteristic features of this syndrome

A radiographic assessment of the prevalence of idiopathic pulp calcifications in permanent teeth: A retrospective radiographic study

Introduction: Pulp calcifications are relatively frequent findings on dental radiographs. They may be seen in primary, permanent, erupted or unerupted teeth. Calcifications within the pulp are seen in such a frequency that it may be questioned whether their presence represents a pathological state or a mere occurrence of normal biological variation. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of idiopathic pulp calcifications in permanent teeth by using digital orthopantomographs (OPG), and to report any association between the occurrence of pulp calcifications with gender, tooth type, dental arches, and the side of the dental arch. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 digital panoramic radiographs of an equal number of male and female patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were examined. The sample was composed of 150 patients within the age group of 15-50 years. Four thousand three hundred and ninety-nine teeth were evaluated and the pulp calcifications were assessed. The frequency of occurrence of pulp calcifications between gender, tooth type, dental arches, and the side of the dental arch were compared. Results: From 150 orthopantomographs (OPGs), a total of 4399 teeth were examined, and the total number of patients with pulp calcifications were 80 (41 females and 39 males). The overall distribution was more in females, in the maxillary arches, and in the first molars. Patients with bilateral pulp calcifications were more than those with unilateral pulp calcifications. Conclusion: The pulp calcifications assessed in this study were of idiopathic origin, as only healthy patients and healthy teeth were included in the study. Most of the pulp calcifications were seen in the young age group. Therefore, pulp calcifications could be a normal biological variation within the pulp

Atypical variation of oral verrucous carcinoma: A comprehensive case report

Verrucous carcinoma is a clinical variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is a locally aggressive lesion having a characteristic grayish-white warty appearance. This case report presents one such case having atypical features of verrucous carcinoma. Although nodal involvement is rare, it was seen in the present case, thus warranting wide local excision with supraomohyoid neck dissection

Characterization of inferior alveolar nerve canal using orthopantomography in Bangalore population

   Aims: This study was aimed to localize the mandibular canal (MC) for Bangalore population, using digital orthopantomographs (OPGs). Objectives: The aim was to assess the location of the inferior MC in both sides of the mandible and in both genders and to assess the bone levels in both the genders as age increases. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 160 OPGs, D1 = Distance between superior border of MC and root apex of 2nd molar, D2 = Distance between superior border of MC and root apex of 2nd premolar, D3 = Distance from superior border of MC to alveolar bone crest. D4 = Height of MC, D5 = Distance between MC to the lower border of mandible. Results: Right and left side comparison between males and females were not significant. Right side comparison between males and females was significant for all except D2. Left side comparison between males and females was significant for all except D1. Correlation between age and parameter in males and females showed a positive correlation with all except D3. Conclusion: The results showed all the variables were correlated linearly with the age in both genders. Significant differences between males and females measurements were detected