An LFT/SDP approach to the uncertainty analysis for state

A state estimator is an algorithm that computes the current state of a time-varying system from on-line measurements. Physical quantities such as measurements and parameters are characterised by uncertainty. Understanding how uncertainty affects the accuracy of state estimates is therefore a pre-requisite to the application of such techniques to real systems. In this paper we develop a method of uncertainty analysis based on linear fractional transformations (LFT) and obtain ellipsoid-of-confidence bounds by recasting the LFT problem into a semidefinite programming problem (SDP). The ideas are illustrated by applying them to a simple water distribution network

Gender and irrigation in India: The Women's Irrigation Group of Jambar, South Gujarat

Irrigation management / Women in development / Gender / Female labor / Agricultural credit / Decision making / Irrigation programs / Rain-fed farming / Institution building / Pumping

The Concept of Translation in Western and Indian Traditions

An effort is being made in this paper to suggest a methodology underlying the idea of translation that incorporates its definition, its concept, its types and its aspects keeping both the Indian and western points of view in mind

Iso-array rewriting P systems with context-free iso-array rules

A new computing model called P system is a highly distributed and parallel theoretical model, which is proposed in the area of membrane computing. Ceterchi et al. initially proposed array rewriting P systems by extending the notion of string rewriting P systems to arrays (2003). A theoretical model for picture generation using context-free iso-array grammar rules and puzzle iso-array grammar rules are introduced by Kalyani et al. (2004, 2006). Also iso-array rewriting P systems for iso-picture languages have been studied by Annadurai et al. (2008). In this paper we consider the context-free iso-array rules and context-free puzzle iso-array rules in iso-array rewriting P systems and examine the generative powers of these P systems

Study on breastfeeding practices among rural women in the field practice areas of a tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Breastfeeding is one of the most important determinants of child survival, birth spacing, and prevention of childhood infections. The beneficial effects of breastfeeding depend on breastfeeding initiation, its duration, and the age at which the breast-fed child is weaned. Data from NFHS-4 suggest that in India, in Gujarat where only 56% of infants are exclusively breastfed and 50% of infants are initiated with breastfeeding within one hour of birth. This study was planned to identify the gaps in breastfeeding practices so that necessary interventions can be designed and thereby implemented. The objective is to study the breastfeeding practices of mothers having children below 2 years of age in the field practice areas of the medical college and to associate the findings of these practices with the socio-demographic characteristics of the population.Methods: The study conducted was a community based cross-sectional one in the six villages of RHTC of PIMSR. The study was conducted by surveying a total of 204 mothers to study their breastfeeding practices which were categorized into ‘good’ and “not so good’ practices. From this the total score was calculated and associated with socio-demographic variables.Results: Majority of the mothers were in the age group 18-22 and educated up to ‘primary’ and most of them were from social class IV and V. Only 23% of the mothers had adequate knowledge of exclusive breastfeeding. About 70% practiced both early initiation of breastfeeding and feeding colostrum whereas nearly 80% practiced exclusive breastfeeding.Conclusions: It is concluded from the study that even though the practice of breastfeeding was found quite good, the gaps in the knowledge and practice must be addressed through health education and support through peer and health groups. Documenting the success stories will go a long way for community education and behavioral change in communication at the community level for adequate breastfeeding practices

Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of Some Transition Metal Complexes Involving Potentially Active Heterocyclic Ligands

1 : 1 : 1, M(II)-Npa-TCAjHQ mixed-Iigand complexes [M(II)= = Co(II), Ni(II)), Cu(II) and Zn(II); Npa = N-pyridylanthranilic acid; TCA = thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline] have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR and electronic spectral data, conductivity and magnetic measurements. An octahedral environment around the metal ion has been proposed. ALl the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. The antifungal activity of the free Iigands and their corresponding metal chelates have been determined on some selected fungi

Studies of some lanthanide quaternary complexes

627-629Formation constants of mixed ligand quaternary lanthanide complexes of the type M-A-B-L'/L" where M = La3+, Pr3+, Nd3+; A=ethylenediamine N, N, N', N' -tetraacetic acid (EDTA); B = thiodiglycolic acid (TDA); L' = iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and L" = glycine(Gly) have been determined by pH-metric technique at 35 ± 1°C in 0.1 mol dm-3 KNO3. Stability constants reveal the orders: La(III) < Pr(III) < Nd(III) in terms of metal ions, binary < ternary < quaternary in terms of complex species, and IDA < Gly in terms of amino acids. The log K values are negative for all the ternary and quaternary systems. However, log K values are significantly positive indicating intramolecular hydrophobic ligand-ligand interactions

Synthesis and Antifungal Properties of Some Transition Metal Complexes Involving Potentially Active Heterocyclic Ligands

1 : 1 : 1, M(II)-Npa-TCAjHQ mixed-Iigand complexes [M(II)= = Co(II), Ni(II)), Cu(II) and Zn(II); Npa = N-pyridylanthranilic acid; TCA = thiophene-2-carboxylic acid and HQ = 8-hydroxyquinoline] have been prepared and characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR and electronic spectral data, conductivity and magnetic measurements. An octahedral environment around the metal ion has been proposed. ALl the complexes are non-electrolytic in nature. The antifungal activity of the free Iigands and their corresponding metal chelates have been determined on some selected fungi

Early star formation traced by the highest redshift quasars

The iron abundance relative to alpha-elements in the circumnuclear region of quasars is regarded as a clock of the star formation history and, more specifically, of the enrichment by SNIa. We investigate the iron abundance in a sample of 22 quasars in the redshift range 3.0<z<6.4 by measuring their rest frame UV FeII bump, which is shifted into the near-IR, and by comparing it with the MgII 2798 flux. The observations were performed with a device that can obtain near-IR spectra in the range 0.8-2.4 um in one shot, thereby enabling an optimal removal of the continuum underlying the FeII bump. We detect iron in all quasars including the highest redshift (z=6.4) quasar currently known. The uniform observational technique and the wide redshift range allows a reliable study of the trend of the FeII/MgII ratio with redshift. We find the FeII/MgII ratio is nearly constant at all redshifts, although there is marginal evidence for a higher FeII/MgII ratio in the quasars at z~6. If the FeII/MgII ratio reflects the Fe/alpha abundance, this result suggests that the z~6 quasars have already undergone a major episode of iron enrichment. We discuss the possible implications of this finding for the star formation history at z>6. We also detect a population of weak iron emitters at z~4.5, which are possibly hosted in systems that evolved more slowly. Alternatively, the trend of the FeII/MgII ratio at high redshift may reflect significantly different physical conditions of the circumnuclear gas in such high redshift quasars.Comment: Replaced to match the accepted version (ApJL in press), 5 page