85 research outputs found
Unknown Regulations in Ladino from Salonika (ca. 1740): Ethos, Ideal, Reality
El texto completo de este trabajo, en lengua
hebrea, estĂĄ en las pĂĄginas h5-h41 al final del
fascĂculo.In the mid-1930s, Viennese bookseller David Fränkel described a booklet containing
regulations in Ladino. Its whereabouts were unknown until it recently appeared in a
public auction in Jerusalem. Though Fränkel attributed it to Istanbul, his description
leaves no room for doubt that this is the same text, but internal evidence points to Salonika. The four-page booklet is unsigned and undated; one can only conjecture that
it was printed in the mid-1740s upon the initiative of the rabbinical and communal
leadership in Salonika. It contains two groups of regulations: the first, 24 in number, is
arranged according to the months, generally with some connection between the content
of the regulation and the month in which it was promulgated; the second contains 18
diverse halakhic directives. In addition to its rarity, the booklet is most instructive about several matters: (a) The religious-cultural character of the community, far from the one
desired by the rabbis and from the ideal image of a traditional society that punctiliously
observes religious commandments - both depicted by historians as well as by those
who wrote about their native community after it was exterminated by the nazis. The
text relates to many transgressions of the religious law, whether intentionally or accidentally; members do not know the basics of Judaism and do not understand the prayers
or passages read from the Torah. There is much information on the practices connected
to the Sabbath and holidays and to lifecycle. (b) The Ladino spoken in Salonika in the
mid-eighteenth century is in a transitional stage, showing traces characteristic of earlier
periods as well as innovations. Many Hebrew words are interspersed in the text, a fact
that raises the question about knowledge of Hebrew. (c) The use and the importance and
meaning of printing as mass communication.
The following is a summary of the 24 regulations. Some are previously unknown,
while others are more or less familiar. Reference is made in the article to similar earlier or contemporary regulations (such as in OrḼot Yosher). The objective of most of
the regulations was to prevent ostentatious consumption and waste of money, moral
failings, tension with non-Jews or their complaints about indecent behavior of Jewish
women, disregard of religious commandments, as well as to eliminate improper practices, particularly those related to prayers and the Sabbath
Measurement as Absorption of Feynman Trajectories: Collapse of the Wave Function Can be Avoided
We define a measuring device (detector) of the coordinate of quantum particle
as an absorbing wall that cuts off the particle's wave function. The wave
function in the presence of such detector vanishes on the detector. The trace
the absorbed particles leave on the detector is identifies as the absorption
current density on the detector. This density is calculated from the solution
of Schr\"odinger's equation with a reflecting boundary at the detector. This
current density is not the usual Schr\"odinger current density. We define the
probability distribution of the time of arrival to a detector in terms of the
absorption current density. We define coordinate measurement by an absorbing
wall in terms of 4 postulates. We postulate, among others, that a quantum
particle has a trajectory. In the resulting theory the quantum mechanical
collapse of the wave function is replaced with the usual collapse of the
probability distribution after observation. Two examples are presented, that of
the slit experiment and the slit experiment with absorbing boundaries to
measure time of arrival. A calculation is given of the two dimensional
probability density function of a free particle from the measurement of the
absorption current on two planes.Comment: 20 pages, latex, no figure
Postural control and central motor pathway involvement in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Dynamic posturographic and electrophysiologic studies
Background: Postural instability causes limitations in daily activities of diabetic patients. There is paucity of data regarding central motor pathway involvement in these patients and its relation to postural control.Aim: To evaluate postural control and centralmotor pathway involvement in type 2 diabetic patients. Subjects and methods: The study included 30 type 2 diabetic patients and 15 healthy, age and sexmatched control subjects. Both groups were subjected to physical and full neurological examination, in addition to electrophysiological study including peripheral conduction study and MEPs recorded fromthe feetmuscles.Total neuropathy scorewas calculated. In addition, dynamic posturographic tests were performed including sensory organization test and MCT.Results: Most of the dynamic posturographic parameters were significantly impaired in diabetic patient group. There were significant abnormalities inmost of the parameters of the peripheral conduction study of the patients compared to the controls.According to theTotal neuropathy score, 20 patients had peripheral neuropathy. In addition, there was significant prolongation of the leftCMCT, decreased leftMEP amplitude and increasedMEP resting motor threshold on both sides in the patients compared to the control group. Dynamic posturographic parameters showed correlation with most of the parameters of the peripheral conduction study and few of the MEP parameters. Logistic regression analysis showed peripheral neuropathy as the main factor implicated in postural instability in these patients. However, significant correlation was found between MEP amplitude and MCT composite score in patients without peripheral neuropathy.Conclusion: Although type 2 diabetic patients had prolonged CMCT, decreased amplitude and increased resting motor threshold of the MEP response, peripheral neuropathy was the main factor implicated in postural instability. However, the central motor pathway changes documented could be implicated as a possible cause.Keywords: Diabetic postural control; Central motor pathways; Diabetic neuropathy; Central motor conduction time; Motor evoked potentia
The Nature of Actin-Family Proteins in Chromatin-Modifying Complexes
Actin is not only one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells, but also one of the most versatile. In addition to its familiar involvement in enabling contraction and establishing cellular motility and scaffolding in the cytosol, actin has well-documented roles in a variety of processes within the confines of the nucleus, such as transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Interestingly, monomeric actin as well as actin-related proteins (Arps) are found as stoichiometric subunits of a variety of chromatin remodeling complexes and histone acetyltransferases, raising the question of precisely what roles they serve in these contexts. Actin and Arps are present in unique combinations in chromatin modifiers, helping to establish structural integrity of the complex and enabling a wide range of functions, such as recruiting the complex to nucleosomes to facilitate chromatin remodeling and promoting ATPase activity of the catalytic subunit. Actin and Arps are also thought to help modulate chromatin dynamics and maintain higher-order chromatin structure. Moreover, the presence of actin and Arps in several chromatin modifiers is necessary for promoting genomic integrity and an effective DNA damage response. In this review, we discuss the involvement of actin and Arps in these nuclear complexes that control chromatin remodeling and histone modifications, while also considering avenues for future study to further shed light on their functional importance
Genetic attack on neural cryptography
Different scaling properties for the complexity of bidirectional
synchronization and unidirectional learning are essential for the security of
neural cryptography. Incrementing the synaptic depth of the networks increases
the synchronization time only polynomially, but the success of the geometric
attack is reduced exponentially and it clearly fails in the limit of infinite
synaptic depth. This method is improved by adding a genetic algorithm, which
selects the fittest neural networks. The probability of a successful genetic
attack is calculated for different model parameters using numerical
simulations. The results show that scaling laws observed in the case of other
attacks hold for the improved algorithm, too. The number of networks needed for
an effective attack grows exponentially with increasing synaptic depth. In
addition, finite-size effects caused by Hebbian and anti-Hebbian learning are
analyzed. These learning rules converge to the random walk rule if the synaptic
depth is small compared to the square root of the system size.Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures; section 5 amended, typos correcte
iConsent an Electronic Consent Platform with the MS Register
ABSTRACT
Objectives
The UK MS Register is a large scale observational research platform, capturing data from patients, NHS and carries out linkage with routine data from the SAIL databank.
We have 14,000 People with MS (PwMS) submitting Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PRoMS) quarterly and over 3000 patients consenting at NHS Sites around the UK
A differentiating factor between Register and previous attempts to capture PRoMS and clinical data was the goal that it be paperless. One area, where paper had to be used, was obtaining informed consent. Clinical participants are consented using a triplicate consent form, one copy for the patient, one for medical notes and one for the Register
Itâs desirable for patients to be able to electronically consent, providing the following benefits:
⢠Tablet computers already in use to collect PRoMS
⢠Printing costs
⢠Participant expectations
⢠Improved content and user experience: improved feedback, of multimedia elements about informed consent
⢠Increased familiarity with tablets
Approach
Changing consent methodology is complex, all documentation, processes and changes are reviewed by the ethics committee. A privacy protecting, secure software package (iConsent) was developed by modifying an existing package from Welsh Cancer Bank.
The software is server based, running on a Secured MS SQLServer 2014 and developed in .net to iOS/Android tablets
The practitioner taking consent explains the process, participants then see the approved documentation and materials. Finally they fill in their email address and name, and are presented with the consent form, the participant uses a stylus to sign. The practitioner then countersigns.
Once completed a digitally signed, secure pdf is generated on the server. Links are sent by email to the participant, the Register and unit administrator. The pdf is functionally identical to the paper.
Results
The South West Central Bristol ethics committee approved the software following guidance on security and documentation design. Staff were trained in system usage.
A number of patients were successfully e-consented, Of note was a potential issue with some patients and how MS impacts their ability to sign without resting a hand on the screen.
Conclusion
Patients who have been e-consented have expressed satisfaction in the ease of use and security of the software. Patients being unable to rest their hands on the screen is being examined. Newer tablets can ignore inputs other than the stylus.
The MS Register intends to use the software in additional centres to capture patient consent
The Stationary Arrival Process of Independent Diffusers from a Continuum to an Absorbing Boundary Is Poissonian
The Animalistic Gullet and the Godlike Soul: Reframing Sacrifice in Midrash Leviticus Rabbah
This article proposes an analysis of two homiletic units in the Palestinian Midrash Leviticus Rabbah, which revolve around biblical chapters pertaining to sacrifices. A theme that pervades these units is that of eating as an animalistic activity that often entails moral depravity. In contrast, the act of sacrificing is constructed in these units as one in which one is willing to give up one's own nourishment, and in a sense one's own âsoul,â in order to offer it to God. Many of the motifs used to vilify eating in the Midrash can be traced in moralistic Greek, Roman, and early Christian diatribes preaching for moderation in eating or for asceticism; the homilists in Leviticus Rabbah, however, utilize these popular motifs in order to present sacrifice as the spiritual contrary of eating, and thus to give the obsolete practice of sacrifice cultural cachet and compelling meanings
The Escape Problem for Irreversible Systems
The problem of noise-induced escape from a metastable state arises in
physics, chemistry, biology, systems engineering, and other areas. The problem
is well understood when the underlying dynamics of the system obey detailed
balance. When this assumption fails many of the results of classical
transition-rate theory no longer apply, and no general method exists for
computing the weak-noise asymptotics of fundamental quantities such as the mean
escape time. In this paper we present a general technique for analysing the
weak-noise limit of a wide range of stochastically perturbed continuous-time
nonlinear dynamical systems. We simplify the original problem, which involves
solving a partial differential equation, into one in which only ordinary
differential equations need be solved. This allows us to resolve some old
issues for the case when detailed balance holds. When it does not hold, we show
how the formula for the mean escape time asymptotics depends on the dynamics of
the system along the most probable escape path. We also present new results on
short-time behavior and discuss the possibility of focusing along the escape
path.Comment: 24 pages, APS revtex macros (version 2.1) now available from PBB via
`get oldrevtex.sty
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