PATHOGENICITY OF LOCAL ISOLATES ENTOMOPHATOGENIC FUNGI TO Diaphorina citri KUWAYAMA VECTOR OF CVPD DISEASE

Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is a major pest of citrus and CVPD disease vectors. Entomopathogenic fungi are one agent that can be used to control pests. The screening results have been found 3 Bengkulu local isolate potential for controlling D. citri. The purpose of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi isolates was indicated by the LC 50 and LC 80 on D. citri. The experimental design used was completely randomized design of 2 factors with 10 combinations, each repeated three times. The first factor is the type of entomopathogenic fungi and the second factor is the concentration of fungi conidia, that control (non-conidia), 1010 conidia/ml, 109 conidia/ml, 108 conidia/ml. The results showed that entomopathogenic fungi of Metarrhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana were effective to D. citri nymph with 80-90% mortality on the eighth day after the application, the LC 50 and LC 80 M. anisopliae each others 0.1 x 107; 0.1 x 1010 conidia/ml, and B. bassiana 0.4 x 107; 0.8 x 1010 conidia/ml. Characterization of colony diameter and germination for all three isolates showed significantly different, the highest isolates of the colony diameter and germination found in Verticillium lecanii

INCIDENCE OF LEAF AND FRUIT EATER, Diaphania indica (Saunders) IN MELON AT SRI KUNCORO VILLAGE, PONDOK KELAPA SUBDISTRICT, BENGKULU TENGAH REGENCY

Melon is a fruit plant that has the potential to be developed and can become a superior horticultural product. The demand for melons continuously increases yearly, requiring a large and continuous supply. Fruit must be available at any time in sufficient quantity and quality to be used as an agricultural commodity with high economic value. Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a significant pest that attacks the leaves and fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, including economically important crops such as melon. Studies on Diaphania pests that attack melon leaves and fruit have not been widely studied in Indonesia. Also, due to the cases happening of leaf and fruit-eating attacks in Bengkulu, proper pest control efforts are needed. One of the basics for determining how to control is to know the population density and the level of damage caused by these pests. This research was conducted on the farmers' land in Sri Kuncoro Village, Pondok Kelapa Sub-District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, November 2021-January 2022. The variables observed were the population density of D. indica, the percentage of leaf damage, and the percentage of parasitic larvae. The results showed variations in the density of D. indica larvae and the percentage of leaf damage. The mean population density of larvae was 1.47 per plant, and the percentage of infected leaves was 29.49%. Parasitoids associated with D. indica larvae were found in Apanteles spp, with a percentage of parasitized D. indica larvae of 46.67%. Melon is a fruit plant that has the potential to be developed and can become a superior horticultural product. The demand for melons continuously increases yearly, requiring a large and continuous supply. Fruit must be available at any time in sufficient quantity and quality to be used as an agricultural commodity with high economic value. Diaphania indica (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a significant pest that attacks the leaves and fruit of the Cucurbitaceae family, including economically important crops such as melon. Studies on Diaphania pests that attack melon leaves and fruit have not been widely studied in Indonesia. Also, due to the cases happening of leaf and fruit-eating attacks in Bengkulu, proper pest control efforts are needed. One of the basics for determining how to control is to know the population density and the level of damage caused by these pests. This research was conducted on the farmers' land in Sri Kuncoro Village, Pondok Kelapa Sub-District, Bengkulu Tengah Regency, November 2021-January 2022. The variables observed were the population density of D. indica, the percentage of leaf damage, and the percentage of parasitic larvae. The results showed variations in the density of D. indica larvae and the percentage of leaf damage. The mean population density of larvae was 1.47 per plant, and the percentage of infected leaves was 29.49%. Parasitoids associated with D. indica larvae were found in Apanteles spp, with a percentage of parasitized D. indicalarvae of 46.67%

TINGKAT SERANGAN HAMA PENGGEREK POLONG, Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)) PADA DELAPAN VARIETAS KACANG HIJAU (Vigna radiata L.) DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP HASIL

[THE INCIDENCE OF POD-BORER, Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) IN EIGHT MUNG BEAN VARIETIES (Vigna radiata L.) AND ITS EFFECT ON YIELD]. Mung beans are an essential food crop in Indonesia, whose production is still increasing to meet domestic needs. However, the high attack of plant pests Maruca testulalis Geyer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is one of the leading causes of the low production of green beans. The use of superior varieties is one solution to controlling these pests. This study was conducted to test seven superior varieties of green beans, namely Vima 1, Vima 2, Vima 3, Murai, Kenari, Kutilang and Seriti and one local variety against M. testulalis. The study used a completely randomized block design and was repeated three times. The results showed that the mungbean varieties Vima 1, Vima 2, and Vima 3 had M. testulalis attack with the lowest level of seed damage in sequence, namely 5.84%, 7.94%, and 6.39%. Even though the percentage of pod borers attack did not significantly affect the growth of all Balitkabi superior varieties and one local variety of mungbean planted, the Kutilang variety was the highest yield with seed yield rates that were as low as other low-attack varieties

ISOLASI Steinernema DARI TANAH PERTANAMAN JAGUNG DI BENGKULU BAGIAN SELATAN DAN PATOGENESITASNYA TERHADAP Spodoptera litura F.

[THE ISOLATION OFSteinernema FROM CORN FIELD AND ITS PATHOGENECITY TO Spodoptera litura F]. Insect pathogenic nematode (IPN) offers an environmentally sound of controlling insect pest, as alternative for chemical insecticide. This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of  Steinernema sp isolates collected from corn fields in Southern parts of  Bengkulu Province. The factorial experiment involved treatment combinations between sources of IPN isolate (Seluma, South Bengkulu, and Kaur) and density of IPN isolate  (100, 200, and 400 JI mL-1). The pathogenecity of the isolates were tested by inoculating the isolates on 4th instar of S. litura. The isolate of IPN collected from Seluma and Kaur corn fields were more effective in controlling the insect compared to those of the South Bengkulu as S. litura was killed faster and caused the 100 % mortality at 60 hours after inoculation. The symptoms of attacked larvae of S. litura were sluggish movement, body color changed to blackish with damaged internal organs. (JI=juvenile infective

UJI KONSENTRASI CENDAWAN Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill TERHADAP MORTALITAS KEPIK POLONG (Riptortus linearis) F. PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI

[TESTING THE CONCENTRATION OF FUNGI Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) ON MORTALITY OF POD BORER (Riptortus linearis F.) ON SOYBEAN]. To control pod borer (Riptortus linearis F). on soybean using chemical insecticides can cause pollution to the environment, kill non-targeted insects and evolve pest resistance. The use of entomopathogenic fungus is an environmentally friendly alternative, one of which is Beauveria bassiana. (Bals.). The purpose of this study was to obtain an effective concentration of Beauveria bassiana fungi that can kill the pod borer at the 50% level.  The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 6 levels of fungi and 3 replications, where each experimental unit used 2 polybags.  Each treatment unit used 10 pod borers. The concentration of B. bassiana consisted of 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 conidia / mL, and without fungi application as a control. The results indicated that the treatment of B. bassiana concentration on R. linearis significantly affected the percentage of mortality and the number of infected R. linearis, but no significant effect on the time of death, number of pods/plants and percentage of the number of damaged soybean pods. The mortality of R. linearis is classified as low, that is, less than 50%

Effects of Combining Application between Palm-oil Fruit Bunch Organic Fertilizer and Synthetic Nitrogen on Cucumber Yields

Cucumber is one of popular vegetables among consumers and widely cultivated by in Indonesia. Since there is an increasing concern of fertilizer costs and sustainability of land resources, the use of synthetic fertilizer must be minimized by using more organic sources, including the use of waste of fruit bunch of palm oil as compost. This experiment aimed to determine the best combination of between palm-oil fruit bunch organic fertilizer and synthetic nitrogen on cucumber yields. Treatments were consisted of (1) without palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer + without Urea, (2) without palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer + Urea 50 kg ha-1 , (3) without palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer + Urea 150 kg ha-1 , (4) without palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer + Urea 250 kg ha-1 , (5) palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 5 tons ha-1 + without Urea, (6) organic fertilizer palm-oil bunch 5 tons ha-1 + Urea 50 kg ha-1 , (7) palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 5 tons ha-1 + Urea 150 kg ha-1 , (8) palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 5 tons ha-1 + Urea 250 kg ha-1 , (9) palm-oil bunch palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 10 tons ha-1 + without Urea, (10) palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 10 tons ha-1 + Urea 50 kg ha-1 , (10) palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 10 tons ha-1 + Urea 150 kg ha1 , (12) palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer 10 tons ha-1 + Urea 250 kg ha-1 . Results indicated that combination application between palm-oil fruit bunch organic fertilizer and synthetic nitrogen significantly effects fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruit planted, fruit weight per plot, number of fruit per plot and fruit weight per plot. It was concluded that the use of 10 tons ha-1 of palm-oil bunch organic fertilizer in combination with 250 kg ha-1 of Urea (P12) was the best treatment combination to increase cucumber yields

ISOLASI Steinernema DARI TANAH PERTANAMAN JAGUNG DI BENGKULU BAGIAN SELATAN DAN PATOGENESITASNYA TERHADAP Spodoptera litura F.

[THE ISOLATION OFSteinernema FROM CORN FIELD AND ITS PATHOGENECITY TO Spodoptera litura F]. Insect pathogenic nematode (IPN) offers an environmentally sound of controlling insect pest, as alternative for chemical insecticide. This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of  Steinernema sp isolates collected from corn fields in Southern parts of  Bengkulu Province. The factorial experiment involved treatment combinations between sources of IPN isolate (Seluma, South Bengkulu, and Kaur) and density of IPN isolate  (100, 200, and 400 JI mL-1). The pathogenecity of the isolates were tested by inoculating the isolates on 4th instar of S. litura. The isolate of IPN collected from Seluma and Kaur corn fields were more effective in controlling the insect compared to those of the South Bengkulu as S. litura was killed faster and caused the 100 % mortality at 60 hours after inoculation. The symptoms of attacked larvae of S. litura were sluggish movement, body color changed to blackish with damaged internal organs. (JI=juvenile infective

Deteksi dan Identifikasi Begomovirus pada Tembakau yang Ditanam Tumpang Sari dengan Tanaman Cabai

Beragam spesies Begomovirus telah dilaporkan di berbagai daerah di Indonesia. Gejala penyakit mosaik menguning akibat infeksi Begomovirus telah dilaporkan pada berbagai tanaman budidaya di Bengkulu antara lain cabai, mentimun, labu, melon, pepaya, dan gulma. Tanaman tembakau banyak ditanam sebagai tanaman pinggir di lahan budidaya cabai. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lahan budidaya cabai di Kabupaten Kepahiang, Bengkulu ditemukan tembakau bergejala keriting dan mosaik kuning. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi Begomovirus penyebab penyakit mosaik menguning tembakau di Bengkulu. Deteksi dan identifikasi virus dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan primer universal yang mengkode transcriptional activator protein (TrAp) dan replication-associated protein (Rep) dengan target fragmen ± 900 pb. Hasil amplifikasi PCR menunjukkan adanya pita target ± 900 pb pada sampel daun tembakau. Produk PCR kemudian dikirim ke First Base, Malaysia untuk dilakukan sikuensing. Begomovirus yang menginfeksi tembakau  menunjukkan homologi 99% dengan isolat Pepper Yellow Leaf Curl Indonesia Virus (PYLCIV) pada cabai di Bali (nomor aksesi LC381263). Hasil identifikasi ini merupakan laporan pertama infeksi PYLCV pada tanaman tembakau di Bengkulu