Analgesia and Anaesthesia of raptors

Bol je neugodno osjetilno ili emocionalno iskustvo koje nastaje uslijed prirodne ili kirurške traume i infekcije, a može pticu dovesti do šoka i uginuća zbog proživljenog stresa. U kliničkoj praksi se primjenjuju dva tipa liječenja boli: preventivna analgezija i balansirana ili multimodalna analgezija. Bitan segment u liječenju predstavljaju procjena boli i procjena učinkovitosti analgetika. Kod ptica je prilikom dijagnostičkih pretraga i kirurških zahvata opravdana, ali i poželjna upotreba analgetika i anestetika kako bi se izbjegla negativna posljedica stresa. U ovom radu su nabrojani anesteziološki postupci i učinci analgetika i anestetika koji se najčešće primjenjuju u kliničkoj praksi. Pravilno izvođenje anestezije moguće je uz dobro poznavanje fiziološkog stanja pacijenta, mehanizma djelovanja analgetika i anestetičkih pripravaka, kao i poznavanje doza te sinergističkog djelovanja istih. Budući da je anestezija ptica grabljivica posebna i predstavlja izazov praktičaru, opisane su metode obuzdavanja, kao i posebnosti i rizici anestezije te specifičnosti s obzirom na vrstu zahvata i dob ptice.Pain is uncomfortable sensory and emotional experience caused by natural or surgical trauma and infection that can lead bird to shock or death due to stress. There are two types of pain management in clinical practice: preventive analgesia and balanced or multimodal analgesia. An important segment of the treatment are evaluation of pain and evaluation of analgetic effectiveness. In birds, the use of analgetics and anesthetics during diagnostic tests and surgical procedures is justified and preferred in order to avoid the negative consequences of stress. In this paper anesthetic methods and the effects of analgetics and anesthetics commonly used in clinical practice are listed. The proper execution of anaesthesia requires knowledge of the patients physiological status, analgesics and anesthetics mechanism of action as well as dose and synergism of drugs. Since anesthesia of raptors is special and challenging for practitioners, the methods of restraint, peculiarities and risks, such as specifics according to the age and type of surgery are described

The influence of information technology (IT) on organization leadership and performance

Leadership of modern organizations depend upon ever greater levels of information technology (IT) now, such as big data and management & data analytics, a trend which shows no sign of abating now. However, not all modern organizations have benefited from such IT investments, resulting in mixed perceptions on the value of IT. Organizations must be knowledgeable in order to properly utilize IT tools and be able to apply that knowledge to create unique competencies in order to gain sustained advantage from IT investments. Information technology in the modern organizations has been proposed as the mechanism to accomplish the leadership in the concerned industries. Existing empirical research demonstrates that IT may indeed act as a mediator for the effect of leadership on modern organizational outcomes. Yet, this study is not consistent in the conceptualizations of the relationships involved, nor in their definitions and measurement of IT investment spending. Thus, they chase numerous creative and innovative procedures and approaches while adding a substantial role of informational technology in the administration of such practice. This study aims to address these concerns in a organization setting by using structural equation modelling (SEM) to compare the effectiveness of descriptive and normative measures of IT as mediating variables in knowledge-intensive organizations. Implications for research and practice are discussed

Postharvesting Techniques and Maintenance of Seed Quality

Healthy seeds and grains are the demanding enterprise of the recent era for the production of high yield in the next season. The seeds must be stored for the maintenance of high-yielding crop. During storage, major losses of seeds are caused by various biological and nonbiological factors. There is a need to examine reasonable factors of these crop losses, which ultimately affect the market value and quality of the seed. The quality of seeds can be maintained by using careful postharvest handling techniques. There is need to establish the well-suited methods to assess the losses during the process and to use the best technique to minimize the loss and to ensure the quality and safety of the crop. The target is to achieve the high-quality seeds of the national and international standards that could meet the demand of the supplier. This chapter emphasizes on the aspects and postharvest techniques that are used to maintain seed quality. A comprehensive review of the better, economical, convenient, and productive methods is provided, focused on the needs of developing countries but also with relevance in more industrialized countries

The phenomenon of individual tourism marketing communication of chef Burak and its role in increasing tourism demand - Istanbul's city restaurant model

Information and communication technology is one of the essential products of the technology and information revolution. You have made a significant and noticeable contribution to the transition from the stereotypical nature of production, work, marketing, supply, and demand. In addition, the significant changes that have followed in social life and the means of communication have become an (automated) nature because technology has added to them the color of scientific and cognitive development. During these significant changes, the method of trading goods between the producer and the consumer has become more transparent and fast due to the characteristics of the means of communication used. The importance of this matter was addressed in the research, which deals with the extent of modern technology, especially social media, its role in tourism marketing, and its importance in the changes in demand levels. Here, it relied on a unique marketing phenomenon by the Turkish chef Burak, how he managed the marketing method based on social media, and his departure from the stereotypical marketing of his products

The Effectiveness of a Proposed E-learning Module to Teach Children Etiquette and the Rules of Dealing in Life Situations (Social)

The research aims to prepare, apply and clarify the impact of an electronic instructional module designed using information technology to provide children with concepts and skills related to etiquette and the rules of dealing in social situations. the basic research sample consisted of (150) fifth and sixth grade elementary students (79 students, 71 students) in three of the public, experimental and private schools affiliated to the Educational Department of Al-Zaytun in Cairo. the experimental research sample was selected from the lower spring and consisted of 40 students and one student from the basic sample (24 students, 16 students) based on the results of scale. The research tools included the General Data form for the sample members and their families, which includes preliminary data on (the sex of the pupil- his age - the number of family members – the school attended by the pupil ), and data on the parents ( the educational level of the parents-the mothers work - the profession of the parents-the number of children – The average family income per month) , a form of social attitudes experienced by the child in late childhood , a measure of etiquette and the rules of dealing in social situations , and an electronic educational unit designed to equip children with concepts and skills related to etiquette and the rules of dealing in social situations, this research followed the descriptive analytical method and the experimental method, the data were analyzed and statistical transactions were performed using a test (LSD, ANOVA , T TEST) . The most important results of which was the presence of significant differences between the individuals of the basic sample in the measure of etiquette and the rules of dealing in social situations, at the level of significance (0.01). the differences were in favor of both private schools and the high educational level of parents (for those with higher qualifications), There was a positive correlation between pupils grades in social situations and both parents education and parents profession, while there was a negative correlation between family size and pupils grades in social situations. The results proved the effectiveness of the electronic educational module designed to provide the children of the experimental research sample with concepts and skills related to etiquette and etiquette in social life situations, depending on the difference between the results of the pre-and post-application in favor of the post- application

A Contemporary Study of Endodontic Therapy Versus Dental Implants

Purpose: This study aimed at analyzing the endodontic therapy versus dental implants as a contemporary study. Methods: This study discuss the various factors need to be considered, such as clinician’s expertise, strategic location of the tooth, bone quality, soft-tissue quality and quantity, the patient’s periodontal status, tooth restorability, and the patient’s medical history when giving patients options for their restorations, an implant surgeon must address the possibility of endodontic therapy and general dentists/endodontists must discuss the ramifications of implant therapy. Discussion: When comparing these two treatment modalities, the clinician should be able to estimate both the endodontic and the restorative prognosis of a tooth. Clinical factors, such as the presence/size of a periapical lesion or the necessity of repetition of an older failing root canal treatment have been negatively related with prognosis of those teeth. Furthermore, the experience of the operator seems crucial since specialists in endodontics were reported to have higher success (up to 98% in a 5-year period) than general practitioners. Conclusion: A simple comparison of long-term survival or success rates of root filled teeth and implants does not fulfil the demand for a comprehensive decision-making process, which includes multiple factors to evaluate, individual case evaluation and a thorough treatment planning

Political Communication and Gender: An Analysis of Public’s Perceptions Toward the Election of the 2017 Mayoral Candidates of Banda Aceh

This research attempted to describe the public's perception toward political communication ofcertain gender in winning the mayoral election of Banda Aceh in 2017 and to find outpeople's perceptions on whether gender is able to influence the candidacy in winning themayoral election of Banda Aceh in 2017. This research was conducted by using qualitativemethod and took place in Banda Aceh. The process of retrieving data and information of theresearch is obtained from the review of literature. This research employed structured-interview on expert informants from the Independent Election Commission, the Head ofIslamic Shari'a Office of Banda Aceh and the voting community (male and female) selectedby using purposive sampling. The theory used in this research is the theory of socialcognition, a learning theory explaining the patterns of behavior. This theory was developedby Albert Bandura since 1960 and emphasized the tendency to imitate or emulate whatpeople see through the media or other people. There are interrelationships betweenindividuals, environment and behavior. In this case, the political communication carried outby the two mayor candidates of Banda Aceh stemmed a new problem since one of thecandidates was female. As the result, this issue triggered a controversy in the community interms of contradicting the teachings of Islamic Shari'a among candidates and within thecommunity regarding gender. In terms of political participation, women have been givenspecial proportion in both management of political parties and legislative candidacy (30%).Meanwhile, this arrangement is still not well-considered because there are no strict sanctionsfor political parties. In respect of sociological aspects, there are still many serious problems, starting from women's interest which is still low in the political sphere as well as theproblems of gender bias experienced by women. Furthermore, the urgency of women'srepresentation in the political sphere is hampered due to negative stereotypes towards womenand the level of patriarchal knowledge which still sticks on people's lives

Left Ventricular Pseudoaneurysm as a Complication of Myocardial Infarction; A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Pseudoaneurysm may occur as a rare complication of myocardial infarction (MI) when a hemorrhagic process is covered by adherence of the visceral or parietal pericardium or of both, preventing the formation of cardiac tamponade. Pseudoaneurysm is prone to rupture because they are not easy to diagnose. Case presentation: Here, we report three cases of left ventricular pseudo-aneurysm (LVP) that all were related to MI. Two patients were managed conservatively, one of them was lost to follow-up, and the other one expired one month later. One patient underwent surgery, but he expired during post-operation period. Conclusions: High mortality rate of LVP emphasizes the importance of looking for it in cardiac evaluation of patients with history of MI. Due to available non-invasive modalities, the ability to differentiate LVP from other cardiac pathologies is improving. Still, the most recommended management of LVP is early surgery