Measuring Willingness to Accept for GM Food by Characteristics

Korean consumers' willingness to accept (WTA) for GM food are studied in this paper. This study compares hypothetical and nonhypothetical responses to choice experiment questions. We test for hypothetical bias in a choice experiment involving GM rice with differing characteristic attributes and multinomial logit model is applied to predict the estimated results. In general, hypothetical responses predicted higher probabilities of purchasing GM rice than nonhypothetical responses. Thus, hypothetical choices overestimate willingness to accept for GM rice. The results of this paper could contributes to government's GM food policies and subsequent studies, also improving economic welfare of farmers and consumers.GM Food, Willingness to Accept, Choice experiment, Hypothetical bias, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

CEO Gender And Earnings Management

Using the female CEO and male CEO groups over a 14-year (1992–2013) period, we find that the male CEOs use aggressive discretionary accruals and real activities operations in order to report small positive earnings or small earnings increases whereas the earnings management using real activities operation of suspect firms disappear in the female CEO group

Phoebe's orbit from ground-based and space-based observations

The ephemeris of Phoebe, the ninth satellite of Saturn, is not very accurate. Previous dynamical models were usually too simplified, the astrometry is heterogeneous and, the Saturn's ephemeris itself is an additionnal source of error. The aim is to improve Phoebe's ephemeris by using a large set of observations, correcting some systematic errors and updating the dynamical model. The dynamical model makes use of the most recent ephemeris of planets and Saturnian satellites. The astrometry of Phoebe is improved by using a compilation of ground-based and space-based observations and by correcting the bias in stellar catalogues used for the reduction. We present an accurate ephemeris of Phoebe with residuals of 0.45 arcsec and with an estimated accuracy of Phoebe's position of less that 100 km on 1990-2020 period.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, accepted by A&

Asymptotic equivalence of differential equations with piecewise constant argument

By using the method of investigation of the differential equations with piecewise constant argument and some integral inequalities of Gronwall type we obtain some results of asymptotic equivalence of some differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Our results generalize and improve some recent results

Magnon dark modes and gradient memory

Extensive efforts have been expended in developing hybrid quantum systems to overcome the short coherence time of superconducting circuits by introducing the naturally long-lived spin degree of freedom. Among all the possible materials, single-crystal yttrium iron garnet has shown up very recently as a promising candidate for hybrid systems, and various highly coherent interactions, including strong and even ultra-strong coupling, have been demonstrated. One distinct advantage of these systems is that the spins are in the form of well-defined magnon modes, which allows flexible and precise tuning. Here we demonstrate that by dissipation engineering, a non-Markovian interaction dynamics between the magnon and the microwave cavity photon can be achieved. Such a process enables us to build a magnon gradient memory to store information in the magnon dark modes, which decouple from the microwave cavity and thus preserve a long life-time. Our findings provide a promising approach for developing long-lifetime, multimode quantum memories.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure

Asymptotic equivalence of differential equations with piecewise constant argument

By using the method of investigation of the differential equations with piecewise constant argument and some integral inequalities of Gronwall type we obtain some results of asymptotic equivalence of some differential equations with piecewise constant argument. Our results generalize and improve some recent results

Trade Liberalization, domestic input and sustainability of agricultural TFP growth: A new Perspective Based on TFP growth structure

AbstractAs one of the fundamental ways to solve the food security and promote farmers’ income, agriculture Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth has attached a great concern which is examined in a vast literature. However, there is little work that examines sustainability of the growth, which is more significant for future development of agricultural sector. Moreover, whether trade openness and domestic investment policy which are used to promote the agricultural TFP growth also could play a great role in the sustainability of the agricultural TFP growth is rarely examined. We estimate and decompose China's agricultural TFP using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), finding that technical change is the main source of China's agricultural TFP growth since 1978, favoring that TFP growth is lack of sustainability. In addition, using two-stage estimation procedure, we make an empirical analysis about the impact of trade openness and domestic input on TFP structure. Results show that trade openness and agricultural infrastructure is narrowing the gap between the two sources, while agricultural scientific investment is just the opposite. Therefore an in-depth trade openness and agricultural infrastructure are needed favoring the growth of China's agriculture, while agricultural scientific investment should be conducted after a higher level of trade openness and agricultural infrastructure

Isolation an Antimicrobial Action of Endophytic Fungi from Sophora Flavescens and Effects on Microorganism Circumstances in Soil

AbstractThe aim of this study was to isolate the endophytic fungi from Sophora flavescens and define its antimicrobial action and structure. The effects of this active substance on soil microorganism circumstances were also conducted. Column chromatography and freeze drying were used to isolate and purify the antimicrobial substance. TLC biological autoradiography was applied to trace. HPLC method was employed to measure the purity. Analysis of the structure used 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and LC-MS methods. Plate method was applied to measure the effect on microorganism circumstances. The results showed that after isolating and purifying the fermentation liquor of BS001, the structure of bacteriostatic active composition was 6,7-(2′E)dibutenyl-5,8-dihydroxy-(Z)-cyclooct-2-ene-1,4-dione, which was identified by spectroscopy. The substance could increase the number of bacteria and fungi while decreased the number of antinomies in soil. A new antimicrobial substance 6,7-(2′E)dibutenyl-5,8 -dihydroxy- (Z)- cyclooct - 2- ene-1,4-dione was extracted from fermenting liquor of BS001 which was an endophytic fungi of Sophora flavescens. It could promote the beneficial flora but detrimental flora. This conclusion provides exploiture foreground for biopharmaceuticals and biopesticide