The Potency of Nanocurcuminoid of Temulawak as A Preventive Agent for Lipid Peroxidation on Inflammation in Rats

The formation of prostaglandins and free radicals in the body occurs in response to inflammation. The use of non-steroidal synthetic drugs to overcome the effects of free radicals often causes harmful side effects to the body. Natural ingredients that have high antioxidant potential, such as curcumin, ginger are expected to overcome this problem. This study aims to measure the antioxidant potential of ginger nanocurcuminoid preparations coated with palmitic acid, by observing the lipid peroxide profile in the liver of inflammatory Spague-Dawley rats. SpagueDawley mice were induced with 1% carrageenan to trigger inflammation, then the lipid peroxide levels were measured after 24 hours. Measurement of lipid peroxide levels was carried out using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 532 nm. The size of the nanocurcuminoid preparation coated with palmitic acid was 561.53 nm with an IP value of 0.309. Lipid peroxide levels in the curcuminoid extract group at a dose of 100 mg / kg BW and the nanocurcuminoid group at a dose of 250 mg / kg BW were 0.27x10-4 nmol / g and 1.22 x10-4 nmol / g respectively. These showed that the antioxidant potential of temulawak nanocurcuminoids at a dose of 250 mg / kg BW was 114 times higher than that of curcuminoid extract at a dose of 100 mg / kg BW

Induced Mutation by Colchicine in Java Cardamom (Amomum compactum Soland. ex Maton) Generation MV1

Java cardamom is an important commodity that produces secondary metabolite. Secondary metabolites of Java cardamom are utilized as an anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer. Improve secondary metabolite through colchicine-induced mutation are necessary to get polyploid. It has been reported that polyploid produces higher secondary metabolites. This research aimed to describe Java cardamom’s phenotypes resulting from colchicine treatment and identify ploidy levels through flow cytometry. This research was conducted from July 2021 to January 2022 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Field, Faculty of Agriculture IPB using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The buds were soaked in different concentrations of colchicine (0, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15%) with a shaker at 100 rpm for 6 hours. Plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, leaf length and width, pseudostem diameter, number of stomata, greeny leaf score, and ploidy levels are observed. The result showed that 0.10% colchicine caused leaf malformation and chimera. Colchicine treatment could inhibit plant growth. Colchicine treatment produced lower plant height during 16 weeks of observation, fewer leaves at 10-18 WAP, and fewer tillers at 14-18 WAP. However, the colchicine treatment did not produce polyploids. Keywords: flow cytometry, phenotype, ploidy levelsKapulaga jawa merupakan komoditas penting tanaman aromatik yang menghasilkan produk metabolit sekunder. Produk metabolit sekunder kapulaga diyakini memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi, antijamur, antibakteri dan antikanker. Usaha meningkatkan kandungan metabolit sekunder kapulaga melalui mutasi induksi dengan kolkisin perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan kapulaga poliploid. Tanaman poliploid dilaporkan memproduksi metabolit sekunder yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan fenotipe tanaman kapulaga hasil perlakuan kolkisin dan mengidentifikasi tingkat ploidi melalui flow cytometry. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juli 2021 sampai Januari 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal konsentrasi kolkisin dengan tiga ulangan. Tunas kapulaga direndam dalam larutan kolkisin pada konsentrasi yang berbeda (0, 0.05, 0.10, dan 0.15%) dan dishaker pada kecepatan 100 rpm selama 6 jam. Pengamatan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, panjang dan lebar daun, diameter batang, jumlah stomata, kehijauan daun, dan tingkat ploidi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kolkisin 0.1% menyebabkan malformasi daun dan kimera berupa garis memanjang pada daun. Perlakuan kolkisin dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman. Kapulaga perlakuan kolkisin memiliki tinggi tanaman lebih pendek selama 16 minggu pengamatan, jumlah daun lebih sedikit saat 10-18 MST, jumlah anakan lebih sedikit saat 14-18 MST. Perlakuan kolkisin tidak menghasilkan poliploid berdasarkan identifikasi flow cytometry. Kata kunci:fenotipe, flow cytometri, tingkat ploid

Aktivitas Hepatoproteksi Ekstrak Polifenol Buah Delima (Punica GranatumL.) Terhadap Tikus Putih Yang Diinduksi Parasetamol

Buah delima dilaporkan mengandung senyawa antioksidan yang tinggi dan berfungsi sebagai hepatoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak polifenol buah delima sebagai hepatoprotektor dan mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap gambaran histopatologi hati tikus yang diinduksi parasetamol. Ekstraksi polifenol dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut aseton, air, asam asetat (90:9.5:0.5). Sebanyak 22 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 7 kelompok, yaitu kelompok I diberi pakan standar dan akuades, kelompok II diberi pakan standar dan parasetamol 500 mg/BB, kelompok III diberi pakan standar, parasetamol 500 mg/BB, dan Cursil-70 13.3 mg/BB, kelompok IV, V, VI dan VII diberi pakan standar, parasetamol 500 mg/BB, serta ekstrak polifenol buah delima dengan konsentrasi 13.3 mg/BB, 100 mg/kg BB, 250 mg/kg BB dan 500 mg/kg BB untuk masing-masing kelompok. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 34 hari, pada hari terakhir dilakukan analisis histopatologi hati dengan mengamati kerusakan hepatosit yang meliputi jumlah sel nekrotik, sel apoptosis, sel kupffer, dan degenerasi lemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak polifenol buah delima dengan dosis 500 mg/BB dapat menghambat kerusakan hati (p < 0.05) karena pada konsentrasi tersebut jumlah sel nerkotik rendah, tidak ada sel apoptosis, jumlah sel kuffer rendah, dan jumlah degenerasi lemak rendah

Potensi Ekstrak Air Dan Etanol Kulit Batang Kayu Manis Padang (Cinnamomum Burmanii) Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim A-Glukosidase

Penelitian mengenai potensi ekstrak air dan etanol 30%, 70%, serta 96% dari kulit batang  kayu  manis Padang (Cinnamomum burmannii) terhadap aktivitas enzim a-glukosidase secara in vitro telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas inhibisi ekstrak air dan etanol (30%, 70% dan 96%) dari kulit batang kayu manis Padang terhadap aktivitas enzim a-glukosidase (dengan akarbosa sebagai kontrol positif), identifikasi senyawa pada ekstrak yang mempunyai daya inhibisi tertinggi dengan GC-MS pyrolisis (Py-GC-MS) serta uji fitokimianya. Kulit batang kayu manis di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi 3 kali 24 jam.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air dan etanol 30% kayu manis Padang mempunyai daya inhibisi berturut-turut sebesar 94.88% dan 94.51% yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan daya inhibisi a-glukosidase dari akarbosa 1%. Hasil fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan flavonoid, tanin, senyawa fenolik dan karbohidrat, pada kedua ekstrak tersebut.Sedangkan hasil analisis kualitatif pada ketiga ekstrak dengan Py-GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa fenolik-fenolik sederhana seperti pyrocatechol, catechol, guaiacol,dan hidroquinone yang diduga merupakan hasil penguraian senyawa golongan polifenol dan diduga sebagai agen antidiabetik oral. Selain dari itu, kedua ekstrak mengandung 1,6-anhidro-beta-D-glukosapiranosa (Levo glukosan) yang tidak menyebabkan peningkatan kadar gula darah.Research about inhibition activity of aqueous and 30%, 70% and 96% ethanolic bark extracts of Cinnamon Padang (Cinnamomum burmannii) against a-Glukosidase enzyme activities throught in vitro assay has been done. The aim of this research are to determine activity of aqueous and ethanolic (30% 70%, and 96%) bark extracts of Cinnamon Padang against activity of a-glucosidase enzyme (with acorbose as a positive control), identification compunds by GC-MS pyrolysis from those extract that the result showed have the highest inhibition activity and its phytochemical assay. Cinnamon was extracted by maseration method 3 times 24 hours. The result showed that the aqueous and 30% ethanolic extract of cinnamon Padang inhibited a-Glukosidase enzyme on 94.88% and 94.51% respectively, but not significantly different with the inhibition to a-Glucosidase from 1% of acarbose. Those extracts contain flavonoids, tannin, phenolic and carbohydrate compounds, while the qualitative analyzed from those extracts by Py-GC-MS, presence the phenolic compounds such as pyrocatechol, catechol, guaiacol, and hydroquinone from polyphenol compound that act as antidiabetic oral agent. Instead of that, those extracts contain 1,6–anhydro– beta – D – glucopyranose (Levoglucosan), but its compound could not increase blood glucose level.

Potensi Ekstrak Air Dan Etanol Kulit Batang Kayu Manis Padang (Cinnamomum Burmanii) Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim A-Glukosidase

Penelitian mengenai potensi ekstrak air dan etanol 30%, 70%, serta 96% dari kulit batang kayu manis Padang (Cinnamomum burmannii) terhadap aktivitas enzim a-glukosidase secara in vitro telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas inhibisi ekstrak air dan etanol (30%, 70% dan 96%) dari kulit batang kayu manis Padang terhadap aktivitas enzim a-glukosidase (dengan akarbosa sebagai kontrol positif), identifikasi senyawa pada ekstrak yang mempunyai daya inhibisi tertinggi dengan GC-MS pyrolisis (Py-GC-MS) serta uji fitokimianya. Kulit batang kayu manis di ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi 3 kali 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air dan etanol 30% kayu manis Padang mempunyai daya inhibisi berturut-turut sebesar 94.88% dan 94.51% yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan daya inhibisi a-glukosidase dari akarbosa 1%. Hasil fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan flavonoid, tanin, senyawa fenolik dan karbohidrat, pada kedua ekstrak tersebut.Sedangkan hasil analisis kualitatif pada ketiga ekstrak dengan Py-GC-MS menunjukkan adanya senyawa fenolik-fenolik sederhana seperti pyrocatechol, catechol, guaiacol,dan hidroquinone yang diduga merupakan hasil penguraian senyawa golongan polifenol dan diduga sebagai agen antidiabetik oral. Selain dari itu, kedua ekstrak mengandung 1,6-anhidro-beta-D-glukosapiranosa (Levo glukosan) yang tidak menyebabkan peningkatan kadar gula darah.Research about inhibition activity of aqueous and 30%, 70% and 96% ethanolic bark extracts of Cinnamon Padang (Cinnamomum burmannii) against a-Glukosidase enzyme activities throught in vitro assay has been done. The aim of this research are to determine activity of aqueous and ethanolic (30% 70%, and 96%) bark extracts of Cinnamon Padang against activity of a-glucosidase enzyme (with acorbose as a positive control), identification compunds by GC-MS pyrolysis from those extract that the result showed have the highest inhibition activity and its phytochemical assay. Cinnamon was extracted by maseration method 3 times 24 hours. The result showed that the aqueous and 30% ethanolic extract of cinnamon Padang inhibited a-Glukosidase enzyme on 94.88% and 94.51% respectively, but not significantly different with the inhibition to a-Glucosidase from 1% of acarbose. Those extracts contain flavonoids, tannin, phenolic and carbohydrate compounds, while the qualitative analyzed from those extracts by Py-GC-MS, presence the phenolic compounds such as pyrocatechol, catechol, guaiacol, and hydroquinone from polyphenol compound that act as antidiabetic oral agent. Instead of that, those extracts contain 1,6anhydro beta D glucopyranose (Levoglucosan), but its compound could not increase blood glucose level

Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activities and Total Phenolic Content of Four Indonesian Medicinal Plants

The crude ethanol extracts of four Indonesian medicinal plants namely Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.,Phyllanthus niruri Linn., Andrographis paniculata Ness., and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. wereexamined for their antioxidant (radical scavenging) activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical and cytotoxicity using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The total phenoliccontent was used the Folin-Ciocalteu method. IC50 values for DPPH radical scavenging activityranged from 14.5 to 178.5 μg/ml, with P. niruri having the lowest value and therefore the mostpotent, and C. aeruginosa having the highest value. LC50 values for BSLT ranged from 210.3 to593.2 μg/ml, with C. xanthorrhiza and A. paniculata having the lowest and highest values,respectively. The total phenolic content of the Indonesian plants ranged from 133.0 ±3.7 to863.3±54.7 mg tannic acid equivalent per 1 g extract, with C. aeruginosa and P. niruri having thelowest and highest values, respectively. A positive correlation between free radical scavengingactivity and the content of phenolic compounds was found in the four of Indonesian medicinal plants

Meta-analysis on extraction methods, pharmacological activities, and cultivation techniques of Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.

Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is important for study due to its increasing economic value in many aspects including marker-associated compounds for curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol. This systematic review aimed to summarize and find information about C. xanthorrhiza starting from its pharmacological activity and mechanism as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant extraction process, and cultivation techniques. The data were obtained from relevant journals in national and international scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SINTA, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online from 2000 to 2023. Results showed that from the perspective of anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities, xanthorrhizol inhibits pain response and inflammatory response. Its antioxidant activity showed a contribution to inhibiting oxidation which also successfully inhibits cancer cell proliferation. The extraction method of xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid compounds with Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) 20-2000 kHz performs better than other methods. C. xanthorrhiza cultivation techniques under shading produce better rhizomes. Based on research on cultivation techniques, extraction methods, and pharmacological activities, C. xanthorrhiza has an important role in the future.Javanese turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is important for study due to its increasing economic value in many aspects including marker-associated compounds for curcuminoids and xanthorrhizol. This systematic review aimed to summarize and find information about C. xanthorrhiza starting from its pharmacological activity and mechanism as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant extraction process, and cultivation techniques. The data were obtained from relevant journals in national and international scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, SINTA, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online from 2000 to 2023. Results showed that from the perspective of anti-inflammatory pharmacological activities, xanthorrhizol inhibits pain response and inflammatory response. Its antioxidant activity showed a contribution to inhibiting oxidation which also successfully inhibits cancer cell proliferation. The extraction method of xanthorrhizol and curcuminoid compounds with Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction (UAE) 20-2000 kHz performs better than other methods. C. xanthorrhiza cultivation techniques under shading produce better rhizomes. Based on research on cultivation techniques, extraction methods, and pharmacological activities, C. xanthorrhiza has an important role in the future. Keywords: anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, UAE, volatile compound, yiel

PROFIL KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS EKSTRAK KUNYIT (Curcuma longa Linn) SEGAR DAN SIMPLISIA DENGAN VARIASI METODE EKSTRAKSI

Turmeric is a rhizome plant used as traditional Indonesian medicine. Generally, the extraction process influences the efficacy of turmeric in curing a disease. This study compares the thin layer chromatography profile (TLC) of turmeric extract based on variations in the extraction method. The extraction process was carried out using 70% ethanol solvent in fresh rhizomes and turmeric simplicia. The study used maceration, sonication, and microwave assistance techniques. The thin layer chromatography profiles were analyzed using curcuminoid standards in visible and UV light visualization (254 and 366 nm). The results showed higher yields in the fresh turmeric extracts through maceration extraction, sonication, and microwave-assisted techniques, respectively. The thin layer chromatography pattern using eluent chloroform dichloromethane (32.5: 67.5 v / v) showed the extract was separated into 3 - 4 compounds, with different curcuminoid thicknesses in each treatment. The thin layer chromatography profile with the highest quality of curcuminoid content was found successively in sonication simplicia,  maceration, and microwave simplicia extracts, as well as sonication fresh turmeric extract, maceration, and microwaves. The high yield of turmeric extract does not indicate an increase in the quality of the curcuminoid levels produced.Keywords: Turmeric, Thin Layer Chromatography, curcuminoids, extraction modificationKunyit merupakan tanaman rhizoma yang telah dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional Indonesia. Khasiat kunyit dalam menyembuhkan suatu penyakit dipengaruhi oleh proses ekstraksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan profil kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) ekstrak kunyit berdasarkan variasi metode ekstraksi. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% pada rimpang segar dan simplisia kunyit. Teknik ekstraksi yang dilakukan adalah secara maserasi, sonikasi dan bantuan gelombang mikro. Profil kromatografi lapis tipis dianalisis dengan menggunakan standar kurkuminoid pada visualisasi sinar tampak serta UV  (254 dan 366 nm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen yang lebih tinggi terdapat pada jenis ekstrak kunyit segar daripada simplisianya, secara berturut-turut melalui teknik ekstraksi maserasi, sonikasi, dan bantuan gelombang mikro. Pola kromatografi lapis tipis ekstrak dengan menggunakan eluen kloroform:diklorometan (32,5:67,5 v/v) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak terpisah menjadi 3 - 4 senyawa, dengan  ketebalan kurkuminoid yang berbeda pada masing-masing perlakuan ekstraksi. Profil kromatografi lapis tipis dengan kualitas kadar kurkuminoid tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak simplisia secara sonikasi, disusul dengan ekstrak simplisia secara maserasi dan gelombang mikro, serta ekstrak kunyit segar secara sonikasi, maserasi, dan gelombang mikro. Rendemen yang tinggi dari ekstrak kunyit tidak mengindikasikan kualitas kadar kurkuminoid yang dihasilkan semakin baik.Kata kunci: Kunyit, Kromatografi Lapis Tipis, kurkuminoid, modifikasi ekstraks