STRUCTURAL ASPECTS OF REVERSIBLE TRANSFORMATIONS IN Co-Nb-B AMORPHOUS ALLOYS

Des mesures de dilatométric sur des rubans amorphes de Co80 Nb14B6 sont présentées. Un modèle est proposé pour expliquer la transformation structurale du premier ordre observée.Results of dilatometric measurements on amorphous Co80Nb14B6 ribbons are presented. A model is proposed for the first-order structural transformation observed in this system. Measurements were made on samples prepared to have different initial local strain configurations induced by tensile stress treatment

Anesthetic Preconditioning Versus Anesthetic Treatment: Effects on Ischemic Injury in Isolated Hearts [8] (multiple letters)

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STARdom: An Architecture for Trusted and Secure Human-Centered Manufacturing Systems

There is a lack of a single architecture specification that addresses the needs of trusted and secure Artificial Intelligence systems with humans in the loop, such as human-centered manufacturing systems at the core of the evolution towards Industry 5.0. To realize this, we propose an architecture that integrates forecasts, Explainable Artificial Intelligence, supports collecting users’ feedback and uses Active Learning and Simulated Reality to enhance forecasts and provide decision-making recommendations. The architecture security is addressed at all levels. We align the proposed architecture with the Big Data Value Association Reference Architecture Model. We tailor it for the domain of demand forecasting and validate it on a real-world case study

Human-centric artificial intelligence architecture for industry 5.0 applications

Human-centricity is the core value behind the evolution of manufacturing towards Industry 5.0. Nevertheless, there is a lack of architecture that considers safety, trustworthiness, and human-centricity at its core. Therefore, we propose an architecture that integrates Artificial Intelligence (Active Learning, Forecasting, Explainable Artificial Intelligence), simulated reality, decision-making, and users' feedback, focussing on synergies between humans and machines. Furthermore, we align the proposed architecture with the Big Data Value Association Reference Architecture Model. Finally, we validate it on three use cases from real-world case studies

Efeito da dexmedetomidina sobre a arritmia cardíaca induzida pela adrenalina em cães anestesiados pelo sevofluorano Effect of dexmedetomidine on the heart arrhythmia induced by the adrenaline in dogs anesthetized by sevoflurane

Avaliou-se o efeito da dexmedetomidina sobre o ritmo cardíaco em 20 cães, sem raça definida, de ambos os sexos e considerados sadios, anestesiados pelo sevofluorano e submetidos a doses crescentes de adrenalina. Os animais foram, aleatoriamente, distribuídos em dois grupos (placebo e dexmedetomidina). No grupo placebo, os animais receberam, por via intravenosa, solução de NaCl a 0,9%, na dose de 0,3ml/kg. Foram considerados dois momentos, M0 e M1, imediatamente antes e após a aplicação, respectivamente. Após 10 minutos, realizou-se a indução anestésica com sevofluorano, por meio de máscara facial vedada, até a perda do reflexo laringotraqueal. Em seguida, procedeu-se à intubação orotraqueal e a manutenção da anestesia foi realizada com a administração de sevofluorano na concentração de 1,5CAM, em circuito anestésico com reinalação parcial de gases. Decorridos 20 minutos da indução anestésica, iniciou-se a administração intravenosa contínua de solução de adrenalina a 2% em doses crescentes de 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5mg/kg/min, por meio de bomba de infusão, com aumento da dose em intervalos de 10 minutos. Imediatamente antes desse acréscimo eram feitas as mensurações (M2 a M6). No grupo dexmedetomidina empregou-se a mesma metodologia substituindo-se a solução de NaCl a 0,9% por hidrocloridrato de dexmedetomidina, na dose de 1µg/kg. Foram registradas as pressões arteriais, em M0 e em M2 a M6, e o traçado eletrocardiográfico, na derivação DII (M2 a M6), considerando-se para efeito estatístico o número total de bloqueios atrioventriculares (BAV) de primeiro e segundo graus e de complexos ventriculares prematuros (ESV), coincidentes com cada dose de adrenalina. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância seguida pelo teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Verificou-se que a dexmedetomidina interfere significativamente na condução atrioventricular levando a maior ocorrência de BAV e reduz o número de ESV nas doses infundidas de 2 e 3mg/kg/min de adrenalina. Logo após a aplicação de dexmedetomidina, observaram-se redução da freqüência cardíaca e da pressão arterial, cuja diminuição persistiu por até uma hora.<br>The effect of dexmedetomidine on the cardiac rhythm in twenty healthy mongrel dogs of both sexes anesthetized with sevofluorane and submitted to increasing doses of adrenaline was evaluated. The animals were randomly allotted to different treatment groups. Animals of placebo group were intravenous injected with 0.9% NaCl solution at 0.3ml/kg/IV. Two moments were considered, M0 and M1, the moments immediately before and after application, respectively. Ten minutes later, the dogs were anesthetized using sevofluorane via face mask until lost of their laringotracheal reflex. Then, orotracheal intubation was performed and maintenance of anesthesia was kept with 1,5MAC sevofluorane using an anesthetic circuit with a rebreathing system. Twenty minutes after anesthesia induction, continuous IV administration of 2% adrenaline solution was given at increasing doses of 1,2,3,4 and 5mg/kg/min., every ten minutes, respectively. The moments M2 to M6 were measured immediately before the next increase of dose. In dexmedetomidine group, the same technique was used replacing 0.9% NaCl by dexmedetomidine hydrochloride at 1mg/kg. Blood pressures were recorded at M0 and M2 to M6. Electrocardiography line in the derivation DII (M2 to M6) was used to observe the number of atrioventricular blocks (AVB) of first and second degrees and ventricular premature complexes (VPC). Statistic evaluation was performed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test (P<0.05). Dexmedetomidine significantly altered the atrioventricular conduction resulting in a higher occurrence of AVB. This drug reduced the number of VPC at 2 and 3mg/kg/min of adrenaline. After administration of dexmedetomidine, reduction of arterial blood pressure up to one hour and reduction of cardiac rate were observed

Effects of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning on rat myocardial stunning in ischemic reperfusion injury*

Ischemic preconditioning and postconditioning distinctly attenuate ventricular arrhythmia after ischemia without affecting the severity of myocardial stunning. Therefore, we report the effects of sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning on stunned myocardium in isolated rat hearts. Isolated rat hearts were underwent 20 min of global ischemia and 40 min of reperfusion. After an equilibration period (20 min), the hearts in the preconditioning group were exposed to sevoflurane for 5 min and next washout for 5 min before ischemia. Hearts in the sevoflurane postconditioning group underwent equilibration and ischemia, followed immediately by sevoflurane exposure for the first 5 min of reperfusion. The control group received no treatment before and after ischemia. Left ventricular pressure, heart rate, coronary flow, electrocardiogram, and tissue histology were measured as variables of ventricular function and cellular injury, respectively. There was no significant difference in the duration of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias between control and sevoflurane preconditioning group (P=0.195). The duration of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in the sevoflurane postconditioning group was significantly shorter than that in the other two groups (P<0.05). ±(dP/dt)max in the sevoflurane preconditioning group at 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min after reperfusion was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences at 40 min after reperfusion among the three groups (P>0.05). As expected, for a 20-min general ischemia, infarct size in heart slices determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining among the groups was not obvious. Sevoflurane postconditioning reduces reperfusion arrhythmias without affecting the severity of myocardial stunning. In contrast, sevoflurane preconditioning has no beneficial effects on reperfusion arrhythmias, but it is in favor of improving ventricular function and recovering myocardial stunning. Sevoflurane preconditioning and postconditioning may be useful for correcting the stunned myocardium