5 research outputs found

    Synthesis and properties of multiscale porosity TiC-SiC ceramics

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    A process combining the pyrolysis of a lignocellulosic structure and reactive gas treatments has been developed to prepare porous TiC-SiC ceramics for solar receivers. The natural micro-porosity of balsa was complemented by a high open macro-porosity by laser cutting a periodical arrangement of parallel channels. The lignocellulosic structure was first pyrolysed into carbon. This reactive carbon material was then converted into TiC by Reactive Chemical Vapor Deposition (RCVD) using TiCl4/H2. After controlling the absence of cracks due to volume changes, the TiC structure was finally infiltrated by the Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) of SiC using CH3SiCl3/H2. The density, porous structure, elemental and phase compositions, oxidation behavior and crushing strength were assessed after pyrolysis, RCVD and CVI. The SiC CVI coating significantly improves the compressive strength, the oxidation resistance and the thermal properties. The SiC layer is no longer fully protective at high temperature but the mechanical properties remain reasonably high

    Elaboration and characterization of a new ceramic matrix for CMC, by an expansive and activated solid-gas reaction.

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    Parmi les différents procédés d’élaboration d’un composite à matrice céramique (CMC), peu d’entre eux permettent d’obtenir un matériau dont la densité dépasse 90%, hormis la Melt Infiltration (MI). Le but de cette thèse est donc d’élaborer une nouvelle matrice céramique pour obtenir un CMC avec une porosité résiduelle inférieure à 10%. En se basant sur le procédé présenté par Peter Greil en 1992, cette matrice est élaborée selon un procédé hybride combinant d’une part la voie liquide et d’autre part la voie solide. Ainsi, une charge réactive pulvérulente, composée d’un mélange de TiSi2 et de Ni, a été associée à une résine précéramique. Lors de sa nitruration, la poudre s’expanse et compense le retrait volumique de la résine. Par pyrolyse de la résine et nitruration de la poudre, sous diazote, une matrice type nitrure est formée. L’additif métallique ajouté, Ni, favorise la nitruration de la poudre qui, sans son ajout, demeure partiellement nitrurée : Du Si libre subsiste dans la matrice, et détériore les propriétés du matériau. Un certain nombre de paramètres influe sur cette réaction : la granulométrie de la poudre, la méthode de broyage, la teneur en nickel, les impuretés, la mise en forme ou encore la durée et la température du traitement thermique. L’ensemble de ces paramètres a été étudié afin d’élaborer la matrice souhaitée. Cette nouvelle matrice a ensuite été caractérisée afin d’étudier l’évolution de sa porosité, ainsi que son comportement physico-chimique tel que sa résistance à l’oxydation ou sa stabilité thermique. Enfin, la faisabilité d’un composite a été étudiée pour conclure ces travaux de recherche.Among the various processes for producing a ceramic matrix composite (CMC), few of them make it possible to obtain a material whose density exceeds 90%, except for Melt Infiltration (MI). The aim of this thesis is to develop a new ceramic matrix to develop a CMC with a residual porosity of less than 10%. Based on the process presented by Peter Greil in 1992, this matrix is developed using a hybrid process combining both the liquid and the solid paths. Thus, a powdered reactive filler composed of a mixture of TiSi2 and Ni has been associated with a preceramic resin. During its nitridation, the powder expands and compensates for the volume shrinkage of the resin. By pyrolysis of the resin and nitridation of the powder, under nitrogen, a nitride type matrix is formed. The metal additive, Ni, promotes the nitridation of the powder which, without its addition, remains partially nitride: Free Si remains in the matrix, and deteriorates the properties of the material. Several parameters influence this reaction: the particle size of the powder, the grinding method, the nickel content, the impurities, the shaping or the duration and the temperature of the heat treatment. All these parameters have been studied in order to elaborate the desired matrix. This new matrix was then characterized in order to study the evolution of its porosity, as well as its physicochemical properties such as its resistance to oxidation or its thermal stability. Finally, the feasibility of a composite was studied to complete this work

    Élaboration et caractérisation d'une nouvelle matrice céramique pour CMC par réaction solide-gaz activée et expansive.

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    Among the various processes for producing a ceramic matrix composite (CMC), few of them make it possible to obtain a material whose density exceeds 90%, except for Melt Infiltration (MI). The aim of this thesis is to develop a new ceramic matrix to develop a CMC with a residual porosity of less than 10%. Based on the process presented by Peter Greil in 1992, this matrix is developed using a hybrid process combining both the liquid and the solid paths. Thus, a powdered reactive filler composed of a mixture of TiSi2 and Ni has been associated with a preceramic resin. During its nitridation, the powder expands and compensates for the volume shrinkage of the resin. By pyrolysis of the resin and nitridation of the powder, under nitrogen, a nitride type matrix is formed. The metal additive, Ni, promotes the nitridation of the powder which, without its addition, remains partially nitride: Free Si remains in the matrix, and deteriorates the properties of the material. Several parameters influence this reaction: the particle size of the powder, the grinding method, the nickel content, the impurities, the shaping or the duration and the temperature of the heat treatment. All these parameters have been studied in order to elaborate the desired matrix. This new matrix was then characterized in order to study the evolution of its porosity, as well as its physicochemical properties such as its resistance to oxidation or its thermal stability. Finally, the feasibility of a composite was studied to complete this work.Parmi les différents procédés d’élaboration d’un composite à matrice céramique (CMC), peu d’entre eux permettent d’obtenir un matériau dont la densité dépasse 90%, hormis la Melt Infiltration (MI). Le but de cette thèse est donc d’élaborer une nouvelle matrice céramique pour obtenir un CMC avec une porosité résiduelle inférieure à 10%. En se basant sur le procédé présenté par Peter Greil en 1992, cette matrice est élaborée selon un procédé hybride combinant d’une part la voie liquide et d’autre part la voie solide. Ainsi, une charge réactive pulvérulente, composée d’un mélange de TiSi2 et de Ni, a été associée à une résine précéramique. Lors de sa nitruration, la poudre s’expanse et compense le retrait volumique de la résine. Par pyrolyse de la résine et nitruration de la poudre, sous diazote, une matrice type nitrure est formée. L’additif métallique ajouté, Ni, favorise la nitruration de la poudre qui, sans son ajout, demeure partiellement nitrurée : Du Si libre subsiste dans la matrice, et détériore les propriétés du matériau. Un certain nombre de paramètres influe sur cette réaction : la granulométrie de la poudre, la méthode de broyage, la teneur en nickel, les impuretés, la mise en forme ou encore la durée et la température du traitement thermique. L’ensemble de ces paramètres a été étudié afin d’élaborer la matrice souhaitée. Cette nouvelle matrice a ensuite été caractérisée afin d’étudier l’évolution de sa porosité, ainsi que son comportement physico-chimique tel que sa résistance à l’oxydation ou sa stabilité thermique. Enfin, la faisabilité d’un composite a été étudiée pour conclure ces travaux de recherche

    Nitridation enhancement of TiSi2 powders by addition of nickel

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    International audienceThe nitridation enhancement of a TiSi2 powder by nickel addition was examined. The quantities of the added metal were comprised between 2.5 and 25mol.%, the balance being TiSi2. The isothermal heat treatments were made at 1100°C for durations up to 40 hours under normal pressure and continuous flow of pure nitrogen. Comparing to pure TiSi2 powder, an improvement of the conversion in TiN and Si3N4 is obtained for compositions containing 10.0; 12.5 and 15.0 mol.% of nickel. According to the quaternary Ti-Si-Ni-N phase diagram, nickel was found to form Ni4Ti4Si7 compound. Thermogravimetric analysis of these three compositions showed the existence of three successive stages during the conversion. First, an initiate reaction occurred with a very weak weight gain. Then, the second stage exhibited an acceleration of the weight gain. Those two stages are both controlled by nucleation and growth, as represented by the kinetic equation [-ln(1-)] 1/2 = k.t. Finally, the reaction is limited by three-dimension diffusion, as represented by the kinetic equation: [1-(1-) 1/3 ] 2 = k.t. From this behavior, an activation mechanism is proposed
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