2,031 research outputs found
Harms and benefits associated with psychoactive drugs: findings of an international survey of active drug users.
There have been several recent efforts in the UK and the Netherlands to describe the harms of psychoactive substances based on ratings of either experts or drug users. This study aimed to assess the perceived benefits as well as harms of widely used recreational drugs, both licit and illicit, in an international sample of drug users. The survey was hosted at https://www.internationaldrugsurvey.org/ and was available in three languages. Residents reported their experience of 15 commonly used drugs or drug classes; regular users then rated their harms and benefits. In all, 5791 individuals from over 40 countries completed the survey, although the majority were from English speaking countries. Rankings of drugs differed across 10 categories of perceived benefits. Skunk and herbal cannabis were ranked consistently beneficial, whilst alcohol and tobacco fell below many classified drugs. There was no correlation at all between users' harm ranking of drugs and their classification in schedules of the USA or ABC system in the UK. Prescription analgesics, alcohol and tobacco were ranked within the top 10 most harmful drugs. These findings suggest that neither the UK nor US classification systems act to inform users of the harms of psychoactive substances. It is hoped the results might inform health professionals and educators of what are considered to be both the harms and benefits of psychoactive substances to young people
Jet Quenching in Non-Conformal Holography
We use our non-conformal holographic bottom-up model for QCD described in
1012.0116 to further study the effect of the QCD trace anomaly on the energy
loss of both light and heavy quarks in a strongly coupled plasma. We compute
the nuclear modification factor for bottom and charm quarks in an
expanding plasma with Glauber initial conditions. We find that the maximum
stopping distance of light quarks in a non-conformal plasma scales with the
energy with a temperature (and energy) dependent effective power.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure. Proceedings for Quark Matter 201
Thermalization through Hagedorn states - the importance of multiparticle collisions
Quick chemical equilibration times of hadrons within a hadron gas are
explained dynamically using Hagedorn states, which drive particles into
equilibrium close to the critical temperature. Within this scheme master
equations are employed for the chemical equilibration of various hadronic
particles like (strange) baryon and antibaryons. A comparison of the Hagedorn
model to recent lattice results is made and it is found that for both Tc =176
MeV and Tc=196 MeV, the hadrons can reach chemical equilibrium almost
immediately, well before the chemical freeze-out temperatures found in thermal
fits for a hadron gas without Hagedorn states.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures, talk presented at the International Conference on
Strangeness in Quark Matter, Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 27 - Oct.
2, 200
Polyakov Loops in Strongly-Coupled Plasmas with Gravity Duals
We study the properties of the Polyakov loop in strongly-coupled gauge
plasmas that are conjectured to be dual to five dimensional theories of gravity
coupled to a nontrivial single scalar field. We find a gravity dual that can
describe the thermodynamic properties and also the expectation value of the
Polyakov loop in the deconfined phase of quenched SU(3) QCD up to .Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at the International Conference on
Strangeness in Quark Matter, Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 27 - oct.
2, 200
Particle Ratios and the QCD Critical Temperature
We show how the measured particle ratios at RHIC can be used to provide
non-trivial information about the critical temperature of the QCD phase
transition. This is obtained by including the effects of highly massive
Hagedorn resonances on statistical models, which are used to describe hadronic
yields. Hagedorn states are relevant close to and have been shown to
decrease to the KSS limit and allow for quick chemical equilibrium
times in dynamical calculations of hadrons. The inclusion of Hagedorn states
creates a dependence of the thermal fits on the Hagedorn temperature, ,
which is assumed to be equal to , and leads to an overall improvement of
thermal fits. We find that for Au+Au collisions at RHIC at
GeV the best square fit measure, , occurs at MeV and
produces a chemical freeze-out temperature of 170.4 MeV and a baryon chemical
potential of 27.8 MeV.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, talk presented at the International Conference on
Strangeness in Quark Matter, Buzios, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Sept. 27 - oct.
2, 200
Evolución tectóno-metamórfica, estructuras de cuarzo y régimen de flujo de la Región Vila Pouca de Aguiar (Norte de Portugal) M. A.
Di-Jet Conical Correlations Associated with Heavy Quark Jets in anti--de Sitter Space/Conformal Field Theory Correspondence
We show that far zone Mach and diffusion wake ``holograms'' produced by
supersonic strings in anti--de Sitter space/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT)
correspondence do not lead to observable conical angular correlations in the
strict supergravity limit if Cooper-Frye hadronization is
assumed. However, a special {\em nonequilibrium} ``neck'' zone near the jet is
shown to produce an apparent sonic boom azimuthal angle distribution that is
roughly independent of the heavy quark's velocity. Our results indicate that a
measurement of the dependence of the away-side correlations on the velocity of
associated identified heavy quark jets at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider and CERN LHC will provide a direct test of the nonperturbative
dynamics involved in the coupling between jets and the strongly-coupled
Quark-Gluon Plasma (sQGP) implied by AdS/CFT correspondence.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, version published in Physical Review Letter
Fossil and present-day hydrotermal fluids from North Tunisia: an example of a dynamic fluid evolution
Plano de contingência fitossanitária de Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) para o estado do Pará.
Reaction of nitric oxide with hydrogen peroxide to produce potentially cytotoxic singlet oxygen as a model for nitric oxide-mediated killing
AbstractNitric oxide, as well as being a major regulator of vascular reactivity, has been shown to be one of the mediators of cytotoxicity in macrophages. This cytotoxic effect seems to be due to the interaction between nitric oxide and oxygen-related free radicals. This study shows that, in vitro, nitric oxide reacts with hydrogen peroxide to release large amounts of chemiluminescence with the characteristics of the highly cytotoxic species, singlet oxygen. This is supported by the observation that when nitric oxide was added to a Superoxide generating system, catalase inhibited the production of singlet oxygen while Superoxide dismutase enhanced it
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