Prevalence of secondary health conditions and mental status in persons with long-term spinal cord injury in South Africa: Comparison between public and private healthcare sectors

Background: Spinal cord injuries typically result in a range of negative health outcomes and health states, which impacts overall functioning, health and well-being. It remains important to establish the prevalence (burden) of health outcomes to help with the development of optimal treatment strategies. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and treatment rates of secondary health conditions (SHCs) and mental health states in persons with long-term spinal cord injury (SCI) receiving public compared with private healthcare services in South Africa. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey included 200 community-dwelling persons with long-term SCI, 60% with paraplegia, 53% with complete injuries and 156 from the public and 44 from private healthcare sectors. The following modules of the International Spinal Cord Injury (InSCI) community survey were used: (i) demographic and injury characteristics; (ii) SHCs and treatment rates; and (iii) vitality and emotional well-being. All statistical analyses were stratified according to healthcare secto

MÉTODOS DE INDEXAÇÃO DE INDICADORES NA AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DO SOLO EM RELAÇÃO À EROSÃO HÍDRICA

A avaliação da qualidade dos solos agrícolas é importante para definição e adoção de práticas de manejo que garantam a sustentabilidade socioeconômica e ambiental. Os métodos de indexação dos indicadores de qualidade denominados Índice de Qualidade Integrado (IQI) e Índice de Qualidade Nemoro (IQN) foram utilizados neste estudo para avaliar a qualidade de solo em áreas experimentais de plantio de eucalipto. A seleção dos indicadores foi feita a partir de nove indicadores de qualidade do solo: diâmetro médio geométrico, permeabilidade à água, matéria orgânica, macro e microporosidade, volume total de poros, densidade do solo, resistência à penetração e índice de floculação, que estão relacionados à erosão hídrica. Os tratamentos constituíram de eucalipto plantado em nível, com e sem a manutenção dos resíduos, em desnível e solo descoberto, em dois biomas distintos, cujas vegetações nativas são Cerrado e Floresta. Os índices de qualidade do solo (IQS) apresentaram alta correlação com a erosão hídrica. Entre os sistemas manejados, o Eucalipto com manutenção do resíduo evidenciou valores mais elevados em ambos os índices, ressaltando-se a importância da cobertura vegetal e manutenção da matéria orgânica para conservação do solo e da água em sistemas florestais. Os IQS demonstraram alto coeficiente de correlação inversa com as perdas de solo e água. Em locais com as maiores taxas de erosão hídrica manifestaram também os menores valores de IQI e IQN. Assim, os índices testados permitiram avaliar com eficácia os efeitos dos manejos adotados sobre a qualidade do solo em relação à erosão hídrica

Investigation of the thermo-oxidation mechanism of acrylic-urethane-silicone / amino-silane based topcoat.

International audienceSilicone acrylic-urethane/amino-silane coatings are considered as promising candidates for use as a topcoat in high-temperature engineering applications. However, under these conditions, their functional properties can be affected, and it is well known that the loss of functional properties is related to modification of the chemical structure.The main objective of this first study is to identify the main criteria for degradation and establish a mechanism of degradation. For this purpose, the thermo-oxidative ageing of the topcoat is studied at the molecular scale using FTIR coupled with chemical treatments, TGA, and SPME/GC-MS.These complementary techniques allow the study of both the solid and gas phases and provide evidence for a more comprehensive degradation mechanism of this topcoat. The results show that degradation occurs on the labile hydrogen atoms located on the tertiary carbon of the acrylate group and on the α-position of the ester and amide. The solid phase oxidation products were identified as anhydrides and amides, whereas volatile products such as lactones and siloxanes were identified in the gas phase

Polyparasite Helminth infections and their association to anaemia and undernutrition in Northern Rwanda

Abstract Background Intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections constitute major public health problems in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we examined the functional significance of such polyparasite infections in anemia and undernutrition in Rwandan individuals. Methods Three polyparasite infection profiles were defined, in addition to a reference profile that consisted of either no infections or low-intensity infection with only one of the focal parasite species. Logistic regression models were applied to data of 1,605 individuals from 6 schools in 2 districts of the Northern Province before chemotherapeutic treatment in order to correctly identify individuals who were at higher odds of being anaemic and/or undernourished. Findings Stunted relative to nonstunted, and males compared to females, were found to be at higher odds of being anaemic independently of polyparasite infection profile. The odds of being wasted were 2-fold greater for children with concurrent infection of at least 2 parasites at M+ intensity compared to those children with the reference profile. Males compared to females and anaemic compared to nonanaemic children were significantly more likely to be stunted. None of the three polyparasite infection profiles were found to have significant effects on stunting. Conclusion The present data suggest that the levels of polyparasitism, and infection intensities in the Rwandan individuals examined here may be lower as compared to other recent similar epidemiological studies in different regions across sub-Saharan Africa. Neither the odds of anaemia nor the odds of stunting were found to be significantly different in the three-polyparasite infection profiles. However, the odds of wasting were higher in those children with at least two parasites at M+ intensity compared to those children with the reference profile. Nevertheless, despite the low morbidity levels indicated in the population under study here, we recommend sustainable efforts for the deworming of affected populations to be continued in order to support the economic development of the country

Correction: Injection drug use practices and HIV infection among people who inject drugs in Kigali, Rwanda: a cross-sectional study

Medicine, Faculty ofNon UBCPopulation and Public Health (SPPH), School ofReviewedFacultyResearcherOthe