Trace Detection of Nerve Agent Simulant in the Fuel Vapour Environment using Metal Oxide Surface Acoustic Wave E Nose

Nerve agents are often used at the military warfront, where diesel is a very common interferant. In the present work, a group of surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, called E-Nose with dissimilar sensing layers is developed for the recognition of the mixture of diesel and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) vapors. The exposure of DMMP and diesel vapors is kept at ppb and ppm levels respectively. Varied response patterns of DMMP and diesel vapors were obtained by SAW E-nose. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been used to extract features from the response curves of SAW sensors. Artificial Neural Network pattern recognition has been implemented to identify the precise detection of DMMP vapors in the binary mixture of DMMP and diesel. The effect of pre-processing (using PCA) the raw data before feeding it to artificial neural network is also studied

Temperature based rapid SAW humidity sensor

This paper investigates the effect of temperature on the sensitivity of a thin-film Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based SAW humidity sensor. A PVA coated 433.92 MHz SAW resonator-based humidity sensor was fabricated and tested with different levels of humidity (0.5 to 95% RH) at different operating temperatures (10°C to 70°C). The sensor response was recorded through in-house developed data acquisition software and it was observed that PVA thin film coated SAW sensor shows the maximum sensitivity for trace level moisture detection at a lower temperature (≤10 °C). The sensor sensitivity has been recorded >400Hz/% RH for trace level detection (0.5–30% RH). It has been observed that sensor sensitivity deteriorates when temperature increased to 40 °C from 10 °C. The sensor has a fast response (~1s) and recovery time (<3s) for trace level humidity detection. The proposed sensor can be used in many applications, including fabrication of electronic devices, IC fabrication, pharmaceutical, textile industries, food processing, semiconductor device fabrication, and packaging

The Spectrum of Intermediate Syndrome Following Acute Organophosphate Poisoning: A Prospective Cohort Study from Sri Lanka

Jayawardane and colleagues evaluate a cohort of 78 patients with organophosphate poisoning from Sri Lanka, and identify changes in repetitive nerve stimulation that precede, and may help predict, the onset of intermediate syndrome

Real Time Active Power Ancillary Service Using DC Community Grid with Electric Vehicles and Demand Response

AbstractThe introduction of restructuring the electric power system has led to the scenario, making the customer a significant market/player. This has also made the maintenance of reliability and stability in the power system a financially crucial task. .Self-sustainable community grid is a realization of reliable and stable system at a base level as individual households with solar photovoltaics or other renewable system can sustain itself even if the power grid fails. In this paper, active power imbalance ancillary services provision for the grid using a DC community grid, stabilizing the electric power system is proposed. A community of 100 houses with individual solar installation along with a centralized DC-wind turbine and EV charging station compose the grid that is considered. Different cases of energy imbalance and corresponding system behavior are simulated in MATLAB environment and obtained results indicate that the proposed system ensures a better reliability for the power grid by using the ancillary services

Compositional Effects of Gasoline Fuels on Combustion, Performance and Emissions in Engine

El 24 de enero de 1965 fallecía en Londres el político británico más importante del siglo XX: Winston Churchill. Su figura polifacética, su olfato político y su fuerza oratoria fueron indispensables para salvar Inglaterra de la amenaza nazi. Pero también tuvo errores. Conservador, sincero y políticamente incorrecto, como recuerda en este perfil Rafael Navarro-Valls, la historia no sería justa con él si sus equivocaciones ensombrecieran el imprescindible papel que desempeñó tanto para su país como para el resto del mundo

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Not AvailableSoil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to assess the water yield and evapotranspiration for the Gomti River basin, India for over a period of 25 years (1985–2010). Streamflow calibration and validation of results showed satisfactory performance (NSE: 0.68–0.51; RSR: 0.56–0.68; |PBIAS|: 2.5–24.3) of the model. The water yield was higher in the midstream sub-basins compared to upstream and downstream sub-basins whereas évapotranspiration per unit area decreased from upstream to the downstream. Both évapotranspiration and water yield at upstream and midstream sub-basins increased from 1985 to 2010, whereas water yield at downstream decreased from 1985 to 2010. We found that the spatial and temporal patterns of évapotranspiration and water yield were closely linked to climatic conditions and irrigation in the basin. The long-term trends in water yield point to a drying tendency of downstream sub-basin covering the districts of Jaunpur and Varanasi.Not Availabl

A study on poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital

Acute poisoning with various substance is common everywhere. The earlier the initial resuscitations, gastric decontamination and use of specific antidotes, the better the outcome. The aim of this study was to characterize the poisoning cases admitted to the tertiary care hospital, Warangal district, Andhra Pradesh, Southern India. All cases admitted to the emergency department of the hospital between the months of January and December, 2007, were evaluated retrospectively. We reviewed data obtained from the hospital medical records and included the following factors: socio-demographic characteristics, agents and route of intake and time of admission of the poisoned patients. During the outbreak in 2007, 2,226 patients were admitted to the hospital with different poisonings; the overall case fatality rate was 8.3% (n = 186). More detailed data from 2007 reveals that two-third of the patients were 21–30 years old, 5.12% (n = 114) were male and 3.23% (n = 72) were female, who had intentionally poisoned themselves. In summary, the tertiary care hospitals of the Telangana region, Warangal, indicate that significant opportunities for reducing mortality are achieved by better medical management and further sales restrictions on the most toxic pesticides. This study highlighted the lacunae in the services of tertiary care hospitals and the need to establish a poison information center for the better management and prevention of poisoning cases

Taming Tris(bipyridine)ruthenium(II) and Its Reactions in Water by Capture/Release with Shape-Switchable Symmetry-Matched Cyclophanes

Electron/proton transfers in water proceeding from ground/excited states are the elementary reactions of chemistry. These reactions of an iconic class of molecules─polypyridineRu(II)─are now controlled by capturing or releasing three of them with hosts that are shape-switchable. Reversible erection or collapse of the host walls allows such switchability. Some reaction rates are suppressed by factors of up to 120 by inclusive binding of the metal complexes. This puts nanometric coordination chemistry in a box that can be open or shut as necessary. Such second-sphere complexation can allow considerable control to be exerted on photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and luminescent sensing involving polypyridineRu(II) compounds. The capturing states of hosts are symmetry-matched to guests for selective binding and display submicromolar affinities. A perching complex, which is an intermediate state between capturing and releasing states, is also demonstrated