Physical And Electromagnetic Properties Of Tm And Gd Substituted Mg-Mn Ferrites

In this work, magnesium ferrite was firstly fabricated by citrate precursor method (CPM) and solution combustion method (SCM). The structural, morphological, and electromagnetic magnetic properties of the ferrites from both methods were investigated. Using CPM, a single phase and nano-sized (10-15 nm) MgFe2O4 ferrite was formed at 500oC as evidenced from XRD analysis of the synthesized powders. On the other hand, SCM had produced single phase ferrite with nanosize of (8-9 nm) at around 200oC. Subsequently, SCM was chosen to produce Mg0.9Mn0.1Fe2-xO4 with x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 to determine the effect of varying Fe content. The XRD analysis confirms that all the specimens showed the presence of cubic spinel phase. In terms of properties, the resistivity was observed to increase when Fe content were reduced. The Mg0.9Mn0.1Fe2-xO4 was found to show highest density (4.26 g/cm3), dielectric constant (11.136), higher resistivity, and a high saturation magnetization (38.41 emu/g). Then, using this compostion as the base, Tm substitution was performed and this was found to produce a secondary phase TmFeO3. It was also found that the physical and magnetic properties had changed with Tm content. Bulk density was found to decrease from 4.26 to 3.82 g/cm3 with increasing Tm. From the magnetic properties, it was found that saturation magnetization had decreased with increase of Tm. Highest resistivity (39.84 x 106 Ω-cm) was observed for Mg0.9Mn0.1Fe1.725Tm0.075O4. Besides Tm substitution, the effect of Gd substitution on structural and electromagnetic properties of ferrite was also investigated. The substitution of Gd had easily formed secondary phase at grain boundaries

IMPLEMENTATION OF ONLINE BOOK SALES SYSTEM

Web site creation is very popular and people use web sites to advertise their business and to expend their marketing. Web service technologies are major impact for e-commerce system [5]. Online shopping system will soon become the predominant mode of shopping, the expansion of online offerings and better online shopping tools. The proposed system applies web technology to implement online book sales system which includes processes book-collecting, book-advertising and book-selling. This system helps customers to find the required book information that may save time, money, and also that may give convenience and satisfaction to the customers. This system is implemented by using ASP.Net programming language and Microsoft SQL server 2000 for database

An investigation of the relationship between attachment styles and work-family linkage.

This study attempts to explore whether different models of work-family relationship were possible for individuals with different attachment styles. A questionnaire survey was conducted using 263 employees working in four private and government sectors, Mandalay. Results suggested that individuals with a negative view of self (preoccupied and fearful) special usage is allowed were more likely to experience negative spillover from the family/home to the work domain than individuals with a positive view of self (secure and dismissing). Individuals with a preoccupied attachment pattern were more likely to experience negative spillover from work to the family domains than those with a secure or dismissing in style. Securely attached individuals experienced positive spillover in both work and family domains more than those in the other groups. Dismissing individuals were more likely to use a segmentation strategy than the other 3 attachment groups. However, when the conventional job satisfaction-life satisfaction relationship was examined, the data provided only partial support for the spillover model. Implications of the findings for both attachment and work-family relationship literatures are discussed

A Study on Some Myanmar Ornamental Fish Species in Inlay Lake

The taxonomical studies of ornamental fishes of Inlay Lake were carried out. This study has recorded the occurrence of 12 species of ornamental fishes belonging to three orders and six families representing ten genera. Five species were recorded as endemic to Inlay Lake and its environments. About four of exported species were described in detail. The status of the studied species in the lake were discussed

An approach to health system strengthening in the Union of Myanmar

Objectives In 2007 and 2008, Myanmar developed a health system strengthening (HSS) strategy and proposal through funding support from the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI). The aim of this paper is to identify critical success factors in the development of the HSS strategy in Myanmar.Methods The main source of information for this review includes international and national literature, and participant observation by the authors in the health systems analysis and HSS strategy development in Myanmar between 2007 and 2009.Results Critical success factors in the development of the HSS strategy included evidence-based development of the strategy through a sector analysis, and a long-term approach to strategy development with wide stakeholder participation. This contributed to important strategy breakthroughs in the areas of health planning, health financing, human resource management and civil society partnerships.Conclusion Implementation of the HSS strategy in Myanmar should position the MOH and partners well to implement challenging system reforms in the areas of health planning, financing and human resource management in the coming years, as well as support more coordinated efforts for relief and recovery effort following the Nargis natural disaster in 2008. These innovations in Myanmar, with evidence of similar breakthroughs in other countries of the Asian region including North Korea, Cambodia, Nepal and Sri Lanka, provides promising evidence of the potential of the HSS approach as an emerging health development paradigm, particularly in relation to responding to the issue of "within country" inequities in access to health care.Health system strengthening Myanmar Health sector planning Maternal and child health GAVI

Adverse Drug Reactions in Selected Wards of the Yangon General Hospital and Yangon Specialty Hospital During the First Quarter of 2019 : An Active Pharmacovigilance Study in Myanmar

Previous studies in Europe and the USA have reported a high prevalence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), but data on local ADRs in Myanmar are sparse. Our objective was to study ADRs in patients admitted to selected wards of Yangon General Hospital (YGH) and Yangon Specialty Hospital (YSH), Myanmar. This was a prospective observational study in three hospital wards during the first quarter of 2019. Suspected ADRs were carefully investigated in a face-to-face interview with each patient and via review of clinical records. Patients transferred to other wards or discharged were followed-up by the researchers until day 28 after admission. ADRs were divided into those that (1) led to the admission and (2) occurred during the hospital stay or after discharge (up to day 28 after admission). A total of 65 ADRs were identified, with 47 (29.4%) of 160 patients experiencing at least one ADR. Among these, 16 (24.6%) had led to hospital admission and 49 (75.4%) occurred in 31 patients during their hospital stay. Of 160 patients, 21 had taken at least one herbal remedy and six of these developed an ADR. Five ADR-drug associations (hypokalaemia with methylprednisolone, increased transaminase levels with standard antituberculosis drugs, upper gastrointestinal bleeding with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, constipation with tramadol, and increased transaminase levels with herbal remedies) represented 18 (27.7%) of the 65 ADRs in this study. According to the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale, more than half of these ADRs (35 [53.9%]) were preventable. The present study highlights the existence of ADRs among patients attending these hospitals. The implementation of active pharmacovigilance in hospitals could be a helpful first step to improving the awareness of unwanted effects of medicines and patient safety, as well as a way to strengthen the national pharmacovigilance system in countries such as Myanmar. The online version of this article (10.1007/s40801-020-00180-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83-7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97-2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14-1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25-1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable

Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Background: Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods: This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results: A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83–7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97–2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14–1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25–1.30]). Conclusions: In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. Trial registration This is a prospective observational study; therefore, no health care interventions were applied to participants, and trial registration is not applicable