Økologi halverer resistens

Der er færre resistente bakterier i økologiske end i konventionelle slagtesvin. Desværre går noget af gevinsten tabt på slagtelinjen, viser EU-projekt om resistens i økologiske svin. De stramme økologiske medicinregler giver gevinst i form af færre resistente bakterier i økologiske slagtesvin. Det fastslår et tværnationalt forskerhold bag projektet SafeOrganic, som for nylig fremlagde de interessante resultater på et seminar hos DTU i Lyngby. Forskerne har undersøgt forekomsten af antibiotikaresistens i primært E. coli i konventionelle og økologiske slagtesvin i Danmark, Sverige, Italien og Frankrig. De konkluderer, at der generelt er mindre resistenstryk i økologiske end i konventionelle svin

What works for whom in which circumstances? On the need to move beyond the ‘what works?’ question in organizational intervention research

A debate has arisen out of the need to understand true intervention outcomes in the social sciences. Traditionally, the randomized, controlled trial (RCT) that answers the question of ‘what works’ has been considered the gold standard. Although RCTs have been favoured in organizational intervention research, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the influence of context and intervention processes on the outcomes of such interventions. In the present critical essay, we question the suitability of RCTs and meta-analyses to evaluate the effectiveness of organizational interventions and we suggest that realist evaluation that seeks to answer the questions of what works for whom in which circumstances may present a more suitable framework. We argue that examining the content and process mechanisms through which organizational interventions are effective, and the conditions under which these are triggered, will enable us to better understand how interventions achieve the desired outcomes of improved employee health and well-being. We suggest that organizational intervention content and process mechanisms may help bring about the desired outcomes of improved employee health and well-being and that contextual factors determine whether these mechanisms are triggered

Can job insecurity be managed? Evaluating an organizational-level intervention addressing the negative effects of restructuring

Although downsizing and reorganisation are recognised as serious threats to the psychological well-being of employees, intervention strategies for addressing these events are limited. This study evaluated the effects of a participatory organisational-level intervention in which employees and managers chose to address the psychosocial consequences, specifically job insecurity, of restructuring. The intervention was conducted among postal service letter carriers in Denmark and was evaluated based on quantitative and qualitative data. Using interviews (N = 24) and observations, the programme theory of the intervention and to what extent the intervention had been implemented were assessed. Using survey data (N = 238), repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to test for differences in the development of job insecurity between the intervention group and a comparison group. The results indicate that the intervention group had a significantly smaller increase in one dimension of job insecurity as compared to the comparison group. Therefore, we conclude that employees’ experiencing of job insecurity, which typically follows in the wake of restructuring, can be addressed by planned efforts at the workplace level

DJF tester slagtesvin på friland

Der er plads til flere forskelligartede produkter på markedet end det standardiserede slagtesvin

Økologiske køer slipper for sprøjten

Risikoen for at skulle have antibiotika eller anden veterinærmedicin er meget mindre, hvis man er økologisk malkeko end konventionel. Det viser den første totale kortlægning af behandlingsmønstret i de to produktionssystemer, som Videncentret for Landbrug står bag. Helt konkret viser tallene, at en konventionel malkeko har 40% større risiko for at få en medicinbehandling end en økologisk

Three-body problem in Fermi gases with short-range interparticle interaction

We discuss 3-body processes in ultracold two-component Fermi gases with short-range intercomponent interaction characterized by a large and positive scattering length $a$. It is found that in most cases the probability of 3-body recombination is a universal function of the mass ratio and $a$, and is independent of short-range physics. We also calculate the scattering length corresponding to the atom-dimer interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

The interplay of sensemaking and material artefacts during interventions: A case study

This study focuses on the interplay of different aspects of organization during work environment interventions. Specifically how the interplay of collective sensemaking, and material artefacts influence an intervention. We analyze an organization-level psychosocial work environment intervention conducted in two postal areas in the Danish Postal service. It provides a case study of the dynamics of a work environment intervention by focusing on how the intervention affects the organization, how sensemaking and materiality in the organization interact during the intervention is implemented, and how the intervention in turn is affected by the materiality and sensemaking of the organization. The present study adds to the current literature by demonstrating the role of sensemaking and materiality in interventions. The paper ends with a discussion of the links between sensemaking and sociomaterial artifacts and what role they play during work environment interventions, suggesting that interventions needs to align with both to be successful

Using kaizen to improve employee well-being: Results from two organizational intervention studies

Participatory intervention approaches that are embedded in existing organizational structures may improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational interventions, but concrete tools are lacking. In the present paper, we use a realist evaluation approach to explore the role of kaizen, a lean tool for participatory continuous improvement, in improving employee wellbeing in two cluster-randomized, controlled participatory intervention studies. Case 1 is from the Danish Postal Service where kaizen boards were used to implement action plans. The results of multi-group structural equation modeling showed that kaizen served as a mechanism that increased the level of awareness of and capacity to manage psychosocial issues, which in turn predicted increased job satisfaction and mental health. Case 2 is from a regional hospital in Sweden that integrated occupational health processes with a pre-existing kaizen system. Multi-group structural equation modeling revealed that, in the intervention group, kaizen work predicted better integration of organizational and employee objectives after 12 months, which in turn predicted increased job satisfaction and decreased discomfort at 24 months. The findings suggest that participatory and structured problem-solving approaches that are familiar and visual to employees can facilitate organizational interventions