Des taillis à (très) courte rotation pour les bioénergies -

La production de biomasse forestière pour l'énergie peut aussi être assurée par des cultures dédiées. Cet article fait le point sur les taillis à courte et très courte rotation, même si l'on est dans une approche plus agricole que forestièr

Quelle stratégie de renouvellement pour le pin sylvestre de Lozère ? Les possibilités de régénération naturelle.

En Lozère le pin sylvestre a été peu intégré dans l'assolement : colonisation des terres en jachère et coupe rase avant la mise en culture. Mais le contexte agricole a changé, les friches moins nombreuses, sont plutôt utilisées en pâturage. Sur certaines parcelles, quasiment aucune régénération n'a été observée. La plantation en Lozère n'est quasiment pas pratiquée, ainsi la régénération naturelle, insuffisante, nécessite une intervention extérieure pour obtenir une densité suffisante (une méthode de décapage par godet a été expérimentée par l'ONF)

Les acquis des séminaires préparatoires sur les questions environnementales

Cet article fait la synthèse des interventions du séminaire préparatoire (mai 2009, Cogolin) consacré aux questions écologiques et organisé dans le cadre de la préparation des journées "Energie - Forêt - Territoires". Stéphane Grulois, Nicolas Nguyen Thé, Maurice Bonneau, Gilles Bonin et Eric Rigolot et nous y avaient respectivement donné des éléments sur la récolte raisonnée des rémanents, les taillis à courte rotation, la sensibilité des sols, les incidences en matière de biodiversité et de paysage mais aussi sur l'inflammabilité et la combustibilité des peuplements. Cette synthèse nous présente les idées fortes qui sont ressorties du séminaire, celles qui ont fait consensus mais aussi les zones d'incertitud

Secrecy performance enhancement for underlay cognitive radio networks employing cooperative multi-hop transmission with and without presence of hardware impairments

In this paper, we consider a cooperative multi-hop secured transmission protocol to underlay cognitive radio networks. In the proposed protocol, a secondary source attempts to transmit its data to a secondary destination with the assistance of multiple secondary relays. In addition, there exists a secondary eavesdropper who tries to overhear the source data. Under a maximum interference level required by a primary user, the secondary source and relay nodes must adjust their transmit power. We first formulate effective signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) as well as secrecy capacity under the constraints of the maximum transmit power, the interference threshold and the hardware impairment level. Furthermore, when the hardware impairment level is relaxed, we derive exact and asymptotic expressions of end-to-end secrecy outage probability over Rayleigh fading channels by using the recursive method. The derived expressions were verified by simulations, in which the proposed scheme outperformed the conventional multi-hop direct transmission protocol.Web of Science212art. no. 21

A Single-Dose Intramuscular Immunization of Pigs with Lipid Nanoparticle DNA Vaccines Based on the Hemagglutinin Antigen Confers Complete Protection against Challenge Infection with the Homologous Influenza Virus Strain

The Influenza A virus of swine (IAV-S) is highly prevalent and causes significant economic losses to swine producers. Due to the highly variable and rapidly evolving nature of the virus, it is critical to develop a safe and versatile vaccine platform that allows for frequent updates of the vaccine immunogens to cope with the emergence of new viral strains. The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) as nanocarriers for delivering DNA plasmid encoding the viral hemagglutinin (HA) gene in pigs. The intramuscular administration of a single dose of the LNP-DNA vaccines resulted in robust systemic and mucosal responses in pigs. Importantly, the vaccinated pigs were fully protected against challenge infection with the homologous IAV-S strain, with only 1 out of 12 vaccinated pigs shedding a low amount of viral genomic RNA in its nasal cavity. No gross or microscopic lesions were observed in the lungs of the vaccinated pigs at necropsy. Thus, the LNP-DNA vaccines are highly effective in protecting pigs against the homologous IAV-S strain and can serve as a promising platform for the rapid development of IAV-S vaccines

Analysis of Arm Movement Strategy in Virtual Catching Task

In this paper, we explored how the arm movement pattern as well as the related strategy of the children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and the healthy children can be changed in the virtual catching task on a previously proposed rehabilitation system. We recruited 50 healthy children from elementary school, and 3 children with CP as subjects to classify their arm movement pattern/strategy. As a result of the classification, we identified three arm movement stages : Initial position, Reaching path, and Waving form, as well as movement pattern strategy under each movement stage. Based on the classified pattern, we compared the differences in the time series changes of movement strategy between healthy children and the children with CP. The results show there is a significant difference in the strategy of arm movements in the Initial position between healthy and CP children

Anxious/depressed symptoms are related to microstructural maturation of white matter in typically developing youths

AbstractThere are multiple recent reports of an association between anxious/depressed (A/D) symptomatology and the rate of cerebral cortical thickness maturation in typically developing youths. We investigated the degree to which anxious/depressed symptoms are tied to age-related microstructural changes in cerebral fiber pathways. The participants were part of the NIH MRI Study of Normal Brain Development. Child Behavior Checklist A/D scores and diffusion imaging were available for 175 youths (84 males, 91 females; 241 magnetic resonance imagings) at up to three visits. The participants ranged from 5.7 to 18.4 years of age at the time of the scan. Alignment of fractional anisotropy data was implemented using FSL/Tract-Based Spatial Statistics, and linear mixed model regression was carried out using SPSS. Child Behavior Checklist A/D was associated with the rate of microstructural development in several white matter pathways, including the bilateral anterior thalamic radiation, bilateral inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus, and right cingulum. Across these pathways, greater age-related fractional anisotropy increases were observed at lower levels of A/D. The results suggest that subclinical A/D symptoms are associated with the rate of microstructural development within several white matter pathways that have been implicated in affect regulation, as well as mood and anxiety psychopathology.</jats:p