Aspectos gerais do clima do arquipélago de Cabo VerdeGeneral aspects of the climate in the Cabo verde archipelago

O clima das ilhas do arquipélago de Cabo Verde sempre impôs muitas restrições ao desenvolvimento da atividade agrícola, devido a um regime pluviométrico com baixos volumes e concentrado numa única estação, chamada estação das águas (agosto - outubro). O presente estudo utiliza as metodologias apresentadas por Thornthwaite e o sistema de classificação de Köppen para avaliar e caracterizar o clima no arquipélago de Cabo Verde. Foram utilizadas séries temporais mensais de precipitação e de temperatura do ar mais longa possível e disponível para as diversas ilhas, que variaram entre 20 e 30 anos de dados. Para as localidades que existem dados de precipitação e não dispunham de dados de temperatura, elas foram estimadas com base no modelo em função das coordenadas geográficas. Os resultados do trabalho permitiram concluir que o período chuvoso de Cabo Verde coincide com o período mais quente do arquipélago. Além disso, o clima do arquipélago varia de semiárido a árido, exceto a ilha do Fogo que apresenta algumas áreas com clima sub úmido. O clima desse arquipélago também pode ser classificado, de forma geral, como seco desértico muito quente com chuva de inverno e irregulares pela classificação de Köppen.Abstract The climate on islands of Cape Verde has always imposed many restrictions on agricultural development due to low rainfall regime mainly concentrated in a single season, called of rainy season (August-October). This study used the methodologies presented by Thornthwaite and the Köppen classification for evaluating and to characterize the climate in the Cape Verde archipelago. It was used time series of both monthly rainfall and air temperature as long as possible as well as available to the various islands on the archipelago, ranging between 20 and 30 years. For locations with rainfall data but no air temperature data, air temperature were estimated based on the model as a function of geographic coordinates. The results indicate that the rainy season in Cape Verde coincides with the hottest period on the archipelago, due to convective effects. Moreover, the climate on the archipelago ranges from arid to semiarid, except in the island of Fogo, which presents some areas with sub humid climate according to the Thornthwaite classification. In general form, the climate on the archipelago can also be classified as hot and dry deserts with irregular winter rainfall according to climate classification of Köppen

Wildfire, deforestation and health in tropical rainforest areas: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Wildfires and deforestation potentially have direct effects on multiple health outcomes as well as indirect consequences for climate change. Tropical rainforest areas are characterised by high rainfall, humidity and temperature, and they are predominantly found in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to synthesise the methods, data and health outcomes reported in scientific papers on wildfires and deforestation in these locations. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will carry out a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute's (JBI) manual for scoping reviews and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, and Levac et al. The search for articles was performed on 18 August 2023, in 16 electronic databases using Medical Subject Headings terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies will be complemented by the manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. We screened studies written in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. We included quantitative studies assessing any human disease outcome, hospitalisation and vital statistics in regions of tropical rainforest. We exclude qualitative studies and quantitative studies whose outcomes do not cover those of interest. The text screening was done by two independent reviewers. Subsequently, we will tabulate the data by the origin of the data source used, the methods and the main findings on health impacts of the extracted data. The results will provide descriptive statistics, along with visual representations in diagrams and tables, complemented by narrative summaries as detailed in the JBI guidelines. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study does not require an ethical review as it is meta-research and uses published, deidentified secondary data sources. The submission of results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific and policymakers' conferences is expected. STUDY REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pnqc7/)

Atmospheric patterns associated with eastern undulating disturbances in eastern northeastern Brazil.

O presente estudo se propõe a avançar no conhecimento sobre Distúrbios Ondulatórios de Leste (DOL) que atuam sobre o litoral do Nordeste do Brasil (NEB), usando um recorte temporal de 16 anos (2000 a 2015). Por meio da aplicação de técnicas de identificação do cavado associado ao sistema, procura-se investigar padrões atmosféricos associados à sua ocorrência, o acoplamento da umidade ao sistema e aprofundar o conhecimento das suas características dinâmicas e termodinâmicas, utilizando dados de reanálise, satélite e observacionais. Por meio dos diagramas de Hovmöller da componente meridional do vento filtrado na banda de 2 a 6 dias com o filtro de Lanczos, foi identificado o sinal de cavados e cristas associados a ondas no fluxo de leste nos níveis de 925 hPa, 850 hPa e 700 hPa, sendo mais evidente em 700 hPa, revelando ondas mais amplas nesse nível. Visando eliminar o ruído associado a outros sistemas de escalas coincidentes e filtrar os cavados menos intensos, foi utilizado a vorticidade de curvatura na função de corrente filtrada (2-6 dias) para a identificação dos cavados próximo ao NEB. Foram identificados cavados durante todos os meses do ano, tanto por meio da componente meridional do vento filtrado, como pela vorticidade de curvatura filtrada. As datas em que se identificaram os cavados na vorticidade de curvatura filtrada foram utilizadas para calcular os campos médios e os campos anômalos de uma série de variáveis. Resultados indicaram campos médios, na qual os cavados estavam inseridos, entre fevereiro e novembro coerente com a climatologia, com maior precipitação sobre o leste do NEB entre maio e julho. Os campos anômalos apresentaram uma atmosfera seca no eixo dos cavados, úmida na dianteira e na retaguarda dos cavados entre os baixos e médios níveis da troposfera, contrariando a literatura sobre os DOL no leste do NEB, porém, com características semelhantes ao padrão de umidade das ondas Mistas Rossby Gravidade. Foram analisados três casos de DOL, aplicando um método objetivo de identificação com sucesso, porém sem imposição de limiares de vorticidade de curvatura. Os casos permitiram confirmar os padrões anômalos observados nos compostos e verificou-se uma atuação conjunta do DOL com sistemas frontais, ciclones e ondas mistas Rossby Gravidade, cuja interação pode estar associada a dois momentos de precipitação sobre o litoral do NEB antecedendo e sucedendo a passagem do cavado do DOL.The present study intends to advance the knowledge about Easterly Wave Disturbances (EWD) that act on the coast of Northeast Brazil (NEB), using a temporal cut of 16 years (2000 to 2015). Through the application of techniques to identify the trough associated to the system, it is sought to investigate the atmospheric patterns associated with its occurrence, the moisture coupling to the system and to deepen the knowledge of its dynamic and thermodynamic characteristics, using reanalysis, satellite and observational data. Through Hovmöller diagrams of filtered meridional wind component in the 2-6 days band, using the Lanczos filter, it was possible to identify the signal of troughs and ridges associated with waves in the easterly flow at levels of 925 hPa, 850 hPa and 700 hPa, being most evident at 700 hPa, revealing larger waves at that level. To eliminate the noise associated with other coincident scale systems and to filter the less intense troughs, the filtered curvature vorticity in the stream function (2-6 days) was used to identify the troughs near NEB. Troughs were identified during all months of the year, both through the filtered meridional wind component, and through the filtered curvature vorticity. The dates in which the troughs were identified in the filtered curvature vorticity were used to calculate the mean fields and the anomalous fields of a series of variables. Results indicated average fields, in which the troughs were inserted, between February and November consistent with the climatology, with greater precipitation on the east of the NEB between May and July. The anomalous fields presented dry atmosphere in the axis of the troughs, humid atmosphere in the front and the rear of the troughs from low to middle troposphere, contrary to what the literature presents for the EWD in the east of the NEB, however, with characteristics similar to the moisture pattern of the Mixed Rossby Gravity waves. Three cases of EWD were analyzed, applying an objective identification method successfully, but without imposition of curvature vorticity thresholds. The cases allowed to confirm the anomalous patterns observed in the composites and it was verified a joint action of the EWD with frontal systems, cyclones and mixed Rossby Gravity waves, whose interaction can be associated to two moments of precipitation on the coast of NEB preceding and succeeding the passage of the EWD troughs.Cape

Estudo de Caso de um Distúrbio Ondulatório de Leste sobre o Estado do Rio Grande do Norte - Brasil

Resumo Distúrbios ondulatórios de leste (DOL) são sistemas atmosféricos presentes na região tropical, preferencialmente sobre áreas dos oceanos Atlântico e Pacífico. Sobre o Atlântico são identificados, inicialmente, próximos à costa oeste do continente Africano e se propagam embebidos no fluxo dos Alíseos, em forma de ondas que se deslocam de leste para oeste. No Atlântico tropical sul, os DOL atuam, preferencialmente sobre o leste do Nordeste do Brasil (NEB) contribuindo significativamente para os totais anuais de chuva. O presente trabalho analisa um caso de ocorrência de um DOL sobre o NEB, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, no dia 13 de Junho de 2014, fazendo o uso de dados de reanálise da componente meridional do vento e vorticidade relativa nos níveis de 850 hPa, água precipitável e dados observados de chuva. Observa-se que o DOL se intensifica entre os dias 12 e 13 de Junho, com valores de vorticidade negativa e água precipitável significativos, próximo à costa do NEB, e se apresenta inicialmente como uma extensão da atividade convectiva presente na ZCIT, desde o Oeste Africano. O DOL causou valores significativos de chuva, gerando deslizamentos de terra, alagamentos e problemas no trânsito de Natal, durante copa do mundo de futebol

Cadastro Técnico do patrimônio histórico da cidade de João Pessoa-PB utilizando técnicas de Geoprocessamento

The artistic and historic patrimony plays an important role in society because it represents a vital cultural heritage. However the current structural context real property is degrading, facing a process of cultural loss and distortion, on one side by lack of proper management and on the other the inefficiency of documentation. This study aimed to use the Land Photogrametry, Cadastre and GIS technologies as the documentation of historical buildings. The identification of assets received a documentation that includes both structural features, as the geometric and textural features of the Centro Histórico, located in the city of João Pessoa - PB. Methods proceded by camera calibration, photogrammetric survey and processing photos, integration of collected data in The National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage and in the Municipal Prefecture of João Pessoa. Cadastre aided by Land Photogrametry and GIS have contributed effectively, both in the visual documentation and in the data information (Technical Cadastre and GIS). As a result, we obtained the 3D model of the facade of some historical houses that are located in the Antenor Navarro Square. It was possible to represent its geometric properties, which are relating to the texture and colors that make up the facade of buildings. The GIS application provided the integration of cadastral data and the 3D model that was generated. As a typical model, the houses may be restored at any time in the near future by relying on the photogrammetric document of all its original features.Pages: 4428-443

Wildfire, deforestation, and health: a scoping review

Evidence about the impact of wildfires and deforestation on health in tropical area

Wildfire, deforestation and health in tropical rainforest areas: a scoping review protocol

Introduction: Wildfires and deforestation potentially have direct effects on multiple health outcomes as well as indirect consequences for climate change. Tropical rainforest areas are characterised by high rainfall, humidity and temperature, and they are predominantly found in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to synthesise the methods, data and health outcomes reported in scientific papers on wildfires and deforestation in these locations. Methods and analysis: We will carry out a scoping review according to the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) manual for scoping reviews and the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, and Levac et al. The search for articles was performed on 18 August 2023, in 16 electronic databases using Medical Subject Headings terms and adaptations for each database from database inception. The search for local studies will be complemented by the manual search in the list of references of the studies selected to compose this review. We screened studies written in English, French, Portuguese and Spanish. We included quantitative studies assessing any human disease outcome, hospitalisation and vital statistics in regions of tropical rainforest. We exclude qualitative studies and quantitative studies whose outcomes do not cover those of interest. The text screening was done by two independent reviewers. Subsequently, we will tabulate the data by the origin of the data source used, the methods and the main findings on health impacts of the extracted data. The results will provide descriptive statistics, along with visual representations in diagrams and tables, complemented by narrative summaries as detailed in the JBI guidelines. Ethics and dissemination: The study does not require an ethical review as it is meta-research and uses published, deidentified secondary data sources. The submission of results for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presentation at scientific and policymakers’ conferences is expected. Study registration: Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/pnqc7/)