Avaliação da qualidade óssea mediante parâmetros morfométricos, bioquímicos e biomecânicos em frangos de corte

Objetivou-se determinar aspectos bioquímicos, morfométricos e biomecânicos dos fêmures de frangos de corte. Utilizaram-se 600 pintos de 1 dia de idade, machos e fêmeas, de três híbridos (Hb1 e Hb2 - UFV e Hb3 - comercial). As aves foram alimentadas à vontade com rações para as fases inicial (1 a 21 dias), de crescimento (22 a 35 dias) e final (36 a 42 dias). O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2, composto de três cruzamentos e dois sexos, cinco repetições e dez aves por unidade experimental (boxe). Avaliaram-se no fêmur o peso, o comprimento, a área da seção transversal, o momento de inércia, a carga máxima na flexão, a tenacidade e resistência à flexão, o conteúdo de proteínas colagenosas e não-colagenosas e o peso vivo das aves. Aos 21, 28, 35 e 42 dias de idade, foram amostrados aleatoriamente um macho e uma fêmea por boxe, num total de cinco boxes por híbrido. Entre híbridos, Hb3 apresentou maior peso vivo em todas as idades e, entre sexos, os machos foram mais pesados. A força máxima na flexão foi maior para os machos e, para os híbridos, Hb3 foi maior que Hb1 e igual a Hb2 aos 42 dias. O piores resultados de tenacidade e resistência à flexão foram observados nos machos híbridos Hb2, que não diferiram dos Hb3 quanto à resistência à flexão aos 42 dias nem quanto à tenacidade medida em todas as idades, o que caracteriza baixa qualidade óssea dos híbridos Hb3 e machos. Devem-se considerar aspectos biomecânicos como tenacidade e resistência à flexão para corrigir e evitar o aparecimento das desordens ósseas provenientes do aumento de peso em frangos de corte.The objective of the experiment was to determine the biochemical, morphometrics and biomechanical aspects of femur bones of broilers. It was used six hundred male and female broilers at one day of age from three different lines (Hb1 and Hb2 - UFV and Hb3 - commercial). They were fed ad libitum on starter (1 to 21 days), grower (22 to 35 days) and finisher (36 to 42 days) rations. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a factorial arrangement 3 × 2 (three lines and two sexes) with 5 replicates and 10 birds per experimental unit (box). The weight, length, cross-sectional area, moment of inertia, maximum load, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, collagenous and non collagenous proteins and body weight of the broilers were evaluated in the femur. At 21, 28, 35 and 42 days of age, one male and one female of each line were randomly selected per box, in a total of five boxes per line. Among lines, Hb3 presented higher superior body weight in all ages, and among sexes, the males were heavier. The strength of maximum load was higher for the males and lines HB3 was higher than HB1and equal to HB2 at 42 days of age. The worst results of elasticity and bending strength at 42 days of age were observed in males from line HB2, which did not differ from HB3 regarded to bending at 42 days of age and to elasticity measured in all ages, which characterizes low bone quality of the males and line HB3. Biomechanical aspects of femurs bones, as modulus of elasticity and bending strength, to correct and avoid bone damages of broilers due to their heavier weight

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries