Hukum Pembebasan Masyarakat Timur Dekat Kuno : Misharum, Andurarum, Hammurabi, dan Yobel

Abstract The law of liberation of slaves already existed in ancient Near Eastern societies. Using qualitative methods, the researcher conducted a study of the literature to enter into the laws of the peoples of the Ancient Near East. The law of deliverance was owned by the Akkadians (andurarum), the Babylonians (the misharum and hammurabi law), and the Israelites (jubilee law). The use of the word דְּר֛וֹר (liberation) indicates the similarity of concepts between the nations of the Ancient Near East. The word דְּר֛וֹר also provides evidence regarding the dating of the time of enactment of this law around 2000 B.C. Although there are similarities, but Leviticus 25 gives the law of the Jubilee superior to other laws in ancient Near Eastern societies. Abstrak Hukum pembebasan para budak sudah ada di masyarakat Timur Dekat Kuno. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, peneliti melakukan studi literatur untuk masuk ke dalam hukum-hukum masyarakat di Timur Dekat Kuno. Hukum pembebasan telah dimiliki oleh bangsa Akkadian (andurarum), bangsa Babel (misharum dan hukum Hammurabi), serta bangsa Israel (hukum Yobel). Penggunaan kata דְּר֛וֹר (pembebasan) menunjukkan kesamaan konsep antara bangsa-bangsa di Timur Dekat Kuno. Kata דְּר֛וֹר juga memberikan bukti mengenai penanggalan waktu pemberlakukan hukum ini sekitar tahun 2000 S.M. Kendati ada kesamaan, tetapi Imamat 25 memberikan hukum Yobel yang lebih unggul dari hukum lainnya di masyarakat Timur Dekat Kuno

Nepho Gerson Laoly's Quick Files

The Quick Files feature was discontinued and it’s files were migrated into this Project on March 11, 2022. The file URL’s will still resolve properly, and the Quick Files logs are available in the Project’s Recent Activity

The Patterns of Restriction Fragment of Several Enzymes to Distinguish Toxoplasma gondii Isolates Virulent and Avirulent Strains using GRA1 and GRA7 Genetic Marker

Toxoplasma gondii pathogenicity depends on the type derived from a clonal population. A genetic analysis of the locus has been carried out to determine the different genotypes of T. gondii (strain types I, II, and III) that are associated with human toxoplasmosis. The several genotypes of T. gondii (strain types I, II, and III) that are linked to human toxoplasmosis have been identified through genetic study of the locus. In this investigation, PCR-RFLP was found to be a useful, and simple method genotypic characterization. The objective of this study was to genotyping characterize T. gondii RH and BEV strains isolates by PCR-RFLP using several restriction enzymes. T. gondii tachyzoite DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using dense granule genetic markers (GRA1 and GRA7) designed with Primer3plus. The amplification were digested using the restriction enzymes. The PCR-RFLP amplified dense granule products was used to classify strains into two genotypes of T. gondii (virulent and avirulent). The results demonstrated that the RFLP patterns of the GRA1 and GRA7 gene area digested by DdeI, MvaI, HinfI, RsaI, and Sau96I enzymes can be used to identify virulent or avirulent strains of T. gondii. Toxoplasma gondii RH and BEV strain produced different digestion product which can be used to distinguished the strains

Innovations in practice: DISCOVER CBT workshops for 16-18-year-olds: development of an open-access intervention for anxiety and depression in inner-city youth

Background Anxiety and depression are common in adolescence but access to effective intervention is limited. Method Open‐access CBT workshops were developed in consultation with 16–18‐year‐olds. Rates of uptake, pre‐post outcomes and acceptability of workshops were assessed in an uncontrolled study. Results Participants (N = 31) were predominantly from black and minority ethnic groups and three quarters had not previously sought psychological support. Improvements were observed in self‐reported anxiety, depression and self‐esteem at 12‐week follow‐up. High levels of satisfaction were reported along with suggestions for further programme development. Conclusions Community‐based CBT workshops show promise in terms of accessibility and acceptability for older adolescents who may not otherwise engage in mental health services