Toimintaterapeuttien työnkuvaus osaksi perehdytyskansiota Pohjois-Karjalan keskussairaalan nuorisopsykiatrian poliklinikalle ja osastolle

Opinnäytetyö oli työelämälähtöinen kehittämistyö, joka koostui kahdesta osasta. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena oli toimintaterapeuttien työnkuvan rakentaminen poliklinikalle ja osastolle sekä perehdytysrungon rakentaminen perehdytyskansioon, johon päädyttiin toimeksiantajan toiveesta. Asianmukainen perehdytyskansio sekä toimintaterapeuttien työnkuvaukset toteutettiin tiiviissä yhteistyössä toimeksiantajan ja yhteistyökumppanin kanssa. Työn toimeksiantajana toimi Pohjois-Karjalan sairaanhoito- ja sosiaalipalvelujen kuntayhtymän nuorisopsykiatrian poliklinikka. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli perehdytyskansion ja työnkuvauksien avulla lisätä yksikön yhteistyön ja toiminnan sujuvuutta sekä selkeyttää eri ammattiryhmien käsityksiä toistensa työnkuvista. Lisäksi opinnäytetyön tavoitteena on tarjota tuki uudelle työntekijälle ja hänen perehdyttäjälleen sekä klinikan toimintaan osallistuvalle moniammatilliselle työryhmälle. Aikaisempaa perehdytyskansiota poliklinikalla ei ole, vaikka tarve sille on ollut suuri. Tiedonhankintamenetelmänä käytettiin teemahaastattelua ja haastatteluiden purkamisessa sekä aineistojen rakentamisessa käytettiin apuna aineistolähtöistä ja teoriapohjaista sisällönanalyysiä. Kehittämistyön toteutusta ohjasi toimintaterapianimikkeistö. Toimintaterapianimikkeistö on olennainen osa toimintaterapian teoriaa ja käytäntöä, jonka yksi tärkeimmistä tehtävistä on luokitella toimintaterapeuttien ammattialan työn sisältöä. Toimintaterapianimikkeistön avulla suunniteltiin haastattelun teemat. Lisäksi se antoi mahdollisuuden suunnitella ja toteuttaa toimintaterapeuttien työnkuvauksien rakentamisen laaja-alaisesti ja selkeästi. Perehdytyskansion ja toimintaterapeuttien työnkuvauksien arvioinnissa hyödynnettiin vapaamuotoista mielipidekyselyä. Palautteen jälkeen materiaalit muokattiin. Materiaalit lähetettiin toimeksiantajalle myös sähköisenä versiona, jotta niiden ajan tasalla pitäminen ja tulostaminen olisi helppoa.This thesis was a work-oriented development, which consists of two parts. The purpose of the thesis was to construct the occupational therapists’ job descriptions for the outpatient clinic and department as well as to produce work orientation outline as a part of the orientation folder, which was the wish of the employer. The main objective was to offer support and carry out an appropriate orientation folder as well as put together occupational therapists’ job descriptions in close cooperation with the employer and the cooperation partner. This task was assigned by the the outpatient clinic of adolescent psychiatry of Honkalampi centre at North Karelia Central Hospital. The aim of the thesis was with the help of the orientation folder and job descriptions to increase the fluidity of the cooperation and action in the unit, as well as to clarify the various professional groups in the perceptions of each other`s work images. In addition, the aim of the thesis was to provide support for the new employee and his mentor as well as for the multiprofessional working group which are involved in the activities of the clinic. There was not a previous orientation folder in the outpatient clinic even though the need of this has been wide. The theme interview was used as the data acquisition method, and in the analysis and in the construction of the interviews, data-oriented and theory-oriented content analysis was used. Occupational Therapy Classification was chosen for the framework in the implementation of the development work. Occupational Therapy Classification is an essential part of the occupational therapy theory and practice, the main tasks of which are to define the content of occupational professional work. With the help of Occupational Therapy Classification the themes for the interviews were planned and it gave an opportunity to plan and carry out occupational therapists’ job descriptions pervasively and clearly. An informal opinion poll was used in the assessment of orientation folder and occupational therapists’ job descrip-tions. After the feedback the material was modified. The material was sent to the employer also in an electronic format so that updating and printing of that would be easy.Opinnäytetyöraportin lisäksi olemme tuottaneet yhteistyökumppanille konkreettisen perehdytyskansion

Enhancing the User Experience of Toijala Works LogStacker Spare Parts E-Commerce Website

This thesis focused on enhancing the user experience and usability of the Toijala Works LogStacker spare parts web shop. The objective was to address current challenges in the current interface and fix the ordering process for both users and stakeholders. By adopting a user-centered and user experience focused design approach, focusing on stakeholder feedback, the thesis concentrated on designing intuitive and user-friendly interface for navigating and ordering spare parts. The theoretical framework combined principles from user interface and user experience design, user-centered design, website usability principles, and prototyping and usability testing methodologies. User personas and user journeys were created in the research phase. Lightning demos and sketches were made in the ideation phase. Low- and high-fidelity prototypes were designed in the design phase and final stakeholder testing and interviews were conducted in the usability testing phase. The prototypes were designed to fulfil the basics of effective functionality, visual layout and user experience. Throughout the process, the prototypes were refined based on stakeholder input from meetings and usability testing sessions, especially since real user feedback was limited. The final prototype successfully introduced key improvements such as interactive spare parts product map, categorized product listings and a mobile-friendly interface. Usability testing results showed that the stakeholders found the redesigned web shop intuitive and efficient and thought that the design meets the needs of users. Even though the design was tested only with stake-holders, the future user feedback can be gathered from engagement metrics when the design is developed and published. The thesis offers a solid foundation for further development and optimization of the web shop, and it aligns with the Toijala Works LogStacker team’s goals of increasing user engagement and simplifying the spare parts ordering process

PaLAR3 locus in Norway spruce genome and its link to resistance against Heterobasidion parviporum in drought stress

Heterobasidion –sukuun kuuluvien patogeenisten sienten aiheuttama juurikääpäinfektio on merkittävin hävikkipuuta aiheuttava patogeeni kuusella (Picea abies) Pohjoismaissa. Kuusen genomissa leucoantosyanidini reduktaasi -entsyymiä koodaavan PaLAR3 –geenin tiedetään vaikuttavan puuyksilön resistenssiin H. parviporum -juurikääpäinfektota vastaan. Geenin lokuksessa kuusella voi olla AA, AB tai BB alleelit. B-alleelin läsnäolon kuusen PaLAR3 lokuksessa on todettu vaikuttavan kuusen entsyymituotantoon siten, että (+)-catechiini pitoisuudet ovat korkeammat juurikääpäinokulaation jälkeen niillä yksilöillä, joiden PaLAR3 lokuksesta löytyy B-alleeli. Ilmastonmuutoksen seurauksena häiriöt ja muutokset hydrologisissa kierroissa lisääntyvät, ja sään ääri-ilmiöt yleistyvät. Tämän seurauksena kuivuuden uskotaan yleistyvän etenkin pohjoisilla alueilla, lisäten patogeenien ja tuholaisten leviämisen riskiä. Metsänjalostusohjelmilla pyritään jalostamaan metsiä siten, että ne olisivat taloudellisesti tuottavia ja kannattavia tulevaisuudessakin. Tutkimalla kuusen genetiikkaa jalostusohjelmaan voidaan lisätä sellaisia yksilöitä, jotka todennäköisimmin kestävät tulevaisuuden ilmastohaasteet paremmin. Tässä tutkielmassa tutkittiin kuivuuden vaikutusta juurikääpäinfektion leviämiseen kuusessa kuivuusstressin alaisena. Kuusten PaLAR3 geenin alleelit määritettiin ja tuloksissa tarkasteltiin inokuloidun juurikäävän aiheuttaman nekroosin pinta-alaa suhteessa alleeleihin, puiden kasteluolosuhteisiin, sekä inokuloinnissa käytettyyn juurikääpäkantaan. Tulosten valossa PaLAR3 geenin alleeleilla ei ole vaikutusta nekroosin pinta-alaan. Tilastollisen analyysin perusteella vaikutusta ei havaittu kuivuusstressistä kärsineessä, eikä normaaleissa kasteluoloissa olleessa ryhmässä. Ainoa tilastollisesti merkittävä havainto oli sen, että eri juurikääpäkannat (Hpa1 ja Hpa2) infektoivat eri tavoin. Hpa2 kannan infektiokyky vaikuttaa olevan korkeampi normaaleissa kasteluolosuhteissa. Näiden tulosten valossa metsänjalostusohjelmaan ei tulisi lisätä PaLAR3 geeniä. Tulevaisuudessa tutkimuksen tulisi pyrkiä tutkimaan eri geenien vuorovaikutuksia patogeeni-infektion alaisuudessa. Esimerkiksi kuusella myös toinen geeni (PaLAC5) on jo yhdistetty juurikääpäresistenssiin, ja sen tutkiminen yhdessä PaLAR3-geenin tuottaman entsyymitoiminnan kanssa voisi tuoda ratkaisuja tulevaisuudessa todennäköisesti pahenevaan Heterobasidion –suvun juurikääpäinfektioiden torjumiseksi.Heterobasidion genus fungi are the most significant pathogens in Finland causing root rot. These fungi infect Norway spruce (Picea abies), causing wood deficit in the forest industry. Leucoanthosyanidin reductase enzyme encoding gene, PaLAR3, has been linked in to the resistance of Norway spruce against H.parviporum induced root rot infections. The alleles in this locus can be AA, AB or BB, and the enzyme production and (+)-catechin concentrations have been proven to be higher in inoculation experiments in individuals with B allele present in their PaLAR3 locus. Climate change is predicted to increase disturbances in not only on the hydrological cycles, but also on the weather conditions. The drought is predicted to increase in the Northern hemisphere, increasing the risk of pathogens to spread into new areas. Forest breeding programs aim to make the forests more profitable and productive in the future as well. By studying the genetics of Norway spruce, it is possible to add more resilient individuals into the breeding program, to tackle the climate challenges the future might hold. In this Master’s thesis the spreading of the root rot infection under drought stress was studied. The PaLAR3 alleles were determined, and the area of necrosis caused by the fungal infection was compared against the alleles, watering treatments and the fungal strain used in the inoculations. Regarding the results the alleles in an individual’s PaLAR3 locus did not have any effect on the area of the necrosis. There were no statistically significant differences between the watering treatments. The only statistically significant result was that the different fungal strains’ (Hpa1 and Hpa2) infectiveness varied between different watering treatments. This is probably due to the different routes of pathogenesis. Hpa2 strain seems to be more infective in normal watering conditions. However, considering these results the PaLAR3 gene should not be added into the forest breeding program as itself. In the future, the research should focus more on gene interactions, since also other genes (e.g., PaLAC5) have been linked in the resistance against root rot infections in Norway spruce. By studying these genes together, the solutions for the deteriorating situation of the spreading of the fungal diseases could be discovered

Exploring the impact of cultural awareness on winter tourism service supply in Rovaniemi : a quantitative analysis

Aim of the research was to look at cultural awareness level of middle and top managers within Bennett scale as well as behavioural aspects done within the companies to suit cultural differences. Cultural awareness is defined as noticing cultural differences and adapting own behaviour to suit cross-cultural situations more mindfully. It is proved to increase customer satisfaction and decrease potential conflicts in cross-cultural communication situations. Within Rovaniemi, Lapland, there are a lot of tourism service supplying operators that operate with multicultural customers daily making this topic significant. This quantitative research was conducted in spring 2023 with questionnaire including metacognitive and behavioural questions on 5-point-Likert scale as well as open and close ended demographic questions. Data was analysed using SSPS program, and analysis conducted through using different combinations of the questionnaire parts. Questionnaire was sent to 61 potential managers as well as general company emails from 26 companies identified with suitable characteristics for the research. From that 33 answers were received. The results indicated that respondents showed to be on middle and top levels of Bennett scale minimization, acceptance and adaptation, and majority saw the worth to change operations towards more culturally suitable for multicultural customers. Research found there to be statistically significant correlation between factors representing cultural awareness and influence of cultural differences on business. Also, there was no statistically significant difference of Bennett scale levels between respondents of different age. Based on these results improvement possibilities and further training on cross-cultural matters was suggested. This research contributes to the discussion of subject and adds to yet quite limited study pool about cultural awareness. In practical sense, the research raises awareness on importance of understanding cultural differences, offers knowledge to operate more culturally suitable in cross-cultural situations and gives concrete advice on what tourism service supplying companies can do to improve their customer service for multicultural customers

Explicit results for Euler's factorial series in arithmetic progressions under GRH

In this article, we study the Euler's factorial series $F_p(t)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty n!t^n$ in $p$-adic domain under the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis. First, we show that if we consider primes in $k\varphi(m)/(k+1)$ residue classes in the reduced residue system modulo $m$, then under certain explicit extra conditions we must have $\lambda_0+\lambda_1F_p(\alpha_1)+\ldots+\lambda_kF_p(\alpha_k) \neq 0$ for at least one such prime. We also prove an explicit $p$-adic lower bound for the previous linear form. Secondly, we consider the case where we take primes in arithmetic progressions from more than $k\varphi(m)/(k+1)$ residue classes. Then there is an infinite collection of intervals each containing at least one prime which is in those arithmetic progressions and for which we have $\lambda_0+\lambda_1F_p(\alpha_1)+\ldots+\lambda_kF_p(\alpha_k) \neq 0$. We also derive an explicit $p$-adic lower bound for the previous linear form

English teachers’ attitudes towards and experiences on the use of music to support teaching

The aim of this Minor Subject Thesis is to understand reasons behind English teachers’ experiences and attitudes considering the use of music for teaching purposes and to discover in which ways they have used music during their English lessons. The research has shown there is a positive impact of music and song lyrics for language learning and diverse aspects of it, motivation and long-term learning. This study examined 31 teachers’ attitudes, experiences and ways to use music in English teaching. A Webropol questionnaire was distributed via email to various institutions in Western and Southern Finland in April 2023. The questionnaire included both Likert scales and open-ended questions. The questions were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively, but the main focus was on qualitative analysis in this mixed-methods study. Based on the analysis, the teachers’ attitudes considering the topic were mostly positive. The findings showed that the teachers utilize songs in various ways teaching topics like verb tenses, vocabulary, pronunciation and cultural elements. The biggest limitations were the lack of teaching material that involves music and the lack of time to prepare lessons that involve music, including finding a suitable song and creating the teaching material. In the future, the study could be repeated with a higher number of participants and, possibly, study separately teachers that teach different language levels. This way, more information could be obtained from different age groups. Another possibility would be to use the learners themselves as a study group instead of the teachers

Investigating the impact of onboard and onshore cruise attributes to consumer purchase of cruise holidays in Lake Saimaa

Objectives The main objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of onboard and onshore attributes of river cruises to purchase intention of a cruise holiday. In addition, the study explored whether past experience with cruises or identifying oneself as ecotourist affects the importance attached to different cruise attributes. Summary This thesis focuses on finding out which cruise attributes are the most important ones when potential consumers are considering purchasing a cruise holiday. A conceptual framework was developed to explore the effects of cruise attributes to purchase decision and then operationalized with an online survey. Conclusions In the context of river cruises, consumers value onshore attributes to be more important than in the context of ocean cruises. Furthermore, the valuation of attribute importance is positively correlated to purchase intention. The findings also show that some consumer characteristics, such as past experience with cruises and identifying oneself as ecotourist, affect the importance attached to certain cruise attributes. Overall, the results show the necessity of segmenting markets and provides cruise marketers with information on what attributes to highlight in their marketing

Enablers and hinders of digital-platform firms' internationalization process : Cases from Finnish digital-platform SMEs

In today’s globalized economies, internationalization remains an important strategic decision for firms. Accordingly, international business scholars have been focusing on examining firms’ internationalization pathways and creating internationalization theories. In addition to globalization, international business is strongly affected by digitalization. The increasing degree of digitalization has given rise to a new type of companies: digital-platform firms (DPFs). DPFs create value by enabling demand and supply sides to interact together. They often operate outside home country’s national borders and have been praised for their fast internationalization process and scalability. However, the research on their internationalization pathways is still rather descriptive and scattered. We still do not know much how DPFs expand internationally, and what are the hinders and enablers in this process. The theoretical background of the thesis includes relevant research on internationalization and DPFs. This thesis builds on the major internationalization theories, mainly the Uppsala model (Johanson & Vahlne, 1977; Johanson & Vahlne, 2009) and International new venture (McDougall & Oviatt, 1994). Therefore, the objective of the thesis is to examine the internationalization process of digital-platform SMEs. The specific aim of this thesis is to examine how digital platforms enable and/or hinder internationalization of SMEs operating though them. To do so, this thesis bases on an in-depth longitudinal multiple-case study of three internationalizing DPFs from Finland. This thesis contributes to the research on digital-platform SMEs, and provides internationalization studies a unique focus. Findings of this thesis suggest that even though DPFs are considered to internationalize fast, to distant markets and by simply copy-pasting, they in fact require physical presence and localization. Moreover, this thesis shows that out of three case firms two firms followed the Uppsala Model, entering first close markets. One of the three case firms can be labelled as a born global. Hence, both Uppsala Model and Born global/INV theory are relevant for examining DPF internationalization. Therefore, this thesis sheds light on also the hinders of DPF internationalization, which have been overlooked in prior research. Acknowledgements: The author of this thesis wants to thank Scandinavian Institute for Administrative Research (SIAR) for the opportunity to conduct this work within the project “Internationalization and business model change: A study of SMEs from sharing economy”. The data access for this thesis was attained through participating in this project. In addition, I wish to thank my supervisor for the guidance on this thesis