ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INVESTASI DI JAWA TIMUR

ANALISIS FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI INVESTASI DI JAWA TIMUR O l e h : NANDA 00000 Abstraksi Sebagai negara berkembang, Indonesia membutuhkan dana yang cukup besar untuk melaksanakan pembangunan nasional. Kebutuhan dana yang cukup besar tersebut terjadi karena adanya upaya untuk mengejar ketertinggalan pembangunan dari negara-negara maju baik di kawasan regional maupun di kawasan global. Investor yang menginvestasikan dana yang dimilikinya seperti dalam bentuk saham bertujuan memaksimumkan kekayaan yang didapat dari deviden ataupun modal lain. Karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah faktor Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, dan eksport total mempengaruhi Investasi di Jawa Timur dan untuk mengetahui variabel mana yang memberikan pengaruh paling dominan terhadap Investasi di Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan data berkala (sekunder) yaitu dari tahun 1989 sampai dengan tahun 2003 yang diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia cabang Surabaya, Kantor Biro Pusat Statistik Propinsi Jawa Timur serta Kantor Departemen Perindustrian dan Perdagangan Propinsi Jawa Timur. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dan studi lapangan. Model analisis yang digunakan model regresi linier berganda dan selanjutnya dilakukan uji hipotesis, untuk mengetahui pengaruh secara simultan digunakan uji - F dan untuk mengetahui secara parsial dilakukan uji - t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan variabel Produk Domestik Regional Bruto, Inflasi, tingkat suku bunga, dan eksport total berpengaruh nyata terhadap Investasi di Jawa Timur yaitu dengan uji F dimana Fhitung = 83,628 > Ftabel 3,48. Secara parsial menunjukkan bahwa variabel Produk Domestik Regional Bruto berpengaruh nyata terhadap investasi di Jawa Timur dengan thitung 2,484 < ttabel 2,228. Hal ini dikarenakan apabila PDRB mengalami kenaikan akan memberikan rangsangan kepada investor, karena permintaan produk meningkat sehingga keuntungan meningkat. Variabel inflasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap investasi di Jawa Timur dengan thitung 1,527 < ttabel 2,228, karena walaupun terjadi inflasi pengusaha tetap membutuhkan modal untuk menambah produksinya disebabkan keuntungan besar, variabel tingkat suku bunga kredit tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap investasi di Jawa Timur dengan thitung 1,758 < ttabel 2,228, hal ini disebabkan walaupun tingkat suku bunga kredit naik tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan untuk berinvestasi karena tetap membutuhkan dana untuk berproduksi disebabkan permintaan produksi besar sehingga keuntungan akan besar. Variabel total ekspor berpengaruh nyata terhadap investasi di Jawa Timur dengan thitung 2,521 > ttabel 2,228, hal ini disebabkan jika ekspor mengalami kenaikan secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan devisa suatu negara. Kondisi demikian akan mendorong beberapa investor untuk berinvestasi

Re-writing the Bhabhian “Mimic Man”: Akin, the Posthuman Other in Octavia Butler’s Adulthood Rites

Cultural critics have sought to define the term posthuman1 as primarily a condition that does away with hierarchical forms of power and control. It recognizes a transformation of the human species into a subject position that moves from an oppositional politics of segregating the human “self” from the “other” to one of acknowledging the “other” as part of the human “self.” 2 With the advent of the posthuman condition comes the need to re-define human rights in a posthuman context. Octavia Butler’s science fiction novel Adulthood Rites3 introduces us to Oankali, gene-trading aliens who travel through space. They intercept and save the human species that is dying in a world ravaged by nuclear war. The Oankali mission of salvation has a hidden agenda,4 though: whoever opts to be saved needs to forgo the right to reproduce. Reproduction, in this new world where human beings are a salvaged species and not the predominant one, is on the terms laid out by the Oankali aliens. The terms of Oankali reproduction that start off with genetic modifications of the human Lilith, the Oankali nominated progenitor of the posthuman in Dawn, enforces the birth of a hybrid—a human-alien construct, Akin, who is related to both humans and aliens, the posthuman other. Built on a “postcolonial” definition of a “mimic man,”5 a product of what Bart Simon and Jill Didur call “critical posthumanism,”6 who sees the other in the self, Akin modulates and modifies his sense of agency and choice as he contends with complex political and ethical issues. Deployed as an Oankali informer among humans, Akin ultimately emerges as the savior, a spokesperson for the human species who adroitly balances contradictory roles in a culture seemingly “colonial” in its intent

Power, Politics, and Domestic Desire in Octavia Butler’s Lilith’s Brood

Octavia Butler’s works, from her short stories and novellas to her science fiction novels, focus on themes of power, control, bondage, and a desired freedom from servitude. Power structures inevitably center on the master/slave or the captor/captive trope. Her handling of this issue takes on complex manifestations in her works, where enslavement and genetic evolution often form the core of the narrative. Within this framework, hostile and repressive regimes enforce a controlled society. Butler brings race, gender, and sexuality to the foreground of speculative fiction as she deals with complex social and political issues in all their ambiguity. Her handling of these issues defiantly explores taboo topics of incest, bisexuality, genetic mutations, and complicated male and female relational dynamics in the throes of oppressive power politics. In the trilogy Lilith’s Brood, Butler deconstructs the simple binary of oppressor/oppressed through an interaction between the two, apparently on mutually beneficial terms, that may lead to the survival of both.1 The story becomes far more complicated as it embraces insidious forms of force, compulsion, subtle mental conditioning, and human choice, where compulsion, attraction, and repulsion between the oppressor and the oppressed take on fascinatingly interlinked forms of desire

The Black Frontier

As a nationalistic concept, frontier refers to America\u27s westward expansion, which was propelled in the nineteenth century by Manifest Destiny. Culturally, frontier promises even more: the creation of communities, the development of markets and states, the merging of peoples and cultures, and the promise of survival and persistence based on values of equality and democracy. Thousands of people left their homes in the East to pursue these ideals, including large communities of African Americans. However, African Americans, like many other cultural groups who moved westward, encountered struggles when they reached the new frontier. In some cases, they faced the same problems they left the East to escape. As new frontier territories and states were founded, new regional policies on slavery were also created. When the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) ceded the territories of California and New Mexico to the United States, it outlawed slavery in the new territories. California entered the Union in 1850 as an officially free state. Before the Civil War, about one thousand slaves lived in California, which despite its status as a free state remained inconsistent in defining its anti-slavery laws. The state continued to label as property both fugitive slaves and those who entered the state with their masters before 1850. As a result, de facto slavery continued in California. The state had the largest number of bondservants west of Texas, working in fields and households

Gender Dimensions of User Fees:Implications For Women's Utilization of Health Care

This paper looks at the implications of user fees for women’s utilization of health care services, based on selected studies in Africa. Lack of access to resources and inequitable decision-making power mean that when poor women face out-of-pocket costs such as user fees when seeking health care, the cost of care may become out of reach. Even though many poor women may be exempt from fees, there is little incentive for providers to apply exemptions, as they too are constrained by restrictive economic and health service conditions. If user fees and other out-of-pocket costs are to be retained in resource-poor settings, there is a need to demonstrate how they can be successfully and equitably implemented. The lack of hard evidence on the impact of user fees on women’s health outcomes and reproductive health service utilization reminds us of the urgent need to examine how women cope with health care costs and what trade-offs they make in order to pay for health care. Such studies need to collect gender-disaggregated data in relation to women’s health service utilization and in relation to the range of reproductive health services, taking into account not only out-of-pocket fees charged by public health providers but also by private and traditional providers

Local cohomology and stratification

We outline an algorithm to recover the canonical (or, coarsest) stratification of a given finite-dimensional regular CW complex into cohomology manifolds, each of which is a union of cells. The construction proceeds by iteratively localizing the poset of cells about a family of subposets; these subposets are in turn determined by a collection of cosheaves which capture variations in cohomology of cellular neighborhoods across the underlying complex. The result is a nested sequence of categories, each containing all the cells as its set of objects, with the property that two cells are isomorphic in the last category if and only if they lie in the same canonical stratum. The entire process is amenable to efficient distributed computation.Comment: Final version, published in Foundations of Computational Mathematic

The Analysis of Deixis on Lyndon Baines Johnson’s Speech We Shall Overcome

Pragmatics is the study about meaning that uttered by the speaker and interpreted by the listener. In pragmatics, deixis is one part that is studied. Deixis is a site and used for identifying people, object, event, process or an activity that is being spoken or referred into space and time dimension.This research is purposed to identify the kinds of deixis and to interpret deixis in Johnson’s speech We Shall Overcome. The writer uses the theory of Levinson (1983). This theory helps the writer to analyze the data finding in order to know the types of deixis and to interpretation of deixis on Lyndon Baines Johnson’s speech. It is a qualitative research. Since the data collected in the form of words rather than numbers and it is more concerned with process. The result of the research shows, the kinds of person deixis found on Johnson’s speech We Shall Overcome are I, me, my, you, your, we, our, he, his, himself, it, itself, they, their, and them. Then, place deixis are here and there. Next, time deixis are tonight, last week, a century, two centuries, now, tomorrow, yesterday, last time, eight long months, hundred years, twenty years ago, last tuesday, dan afternoon Furthermore, the discourse deixis are this, that, those and these. Afterwards, the social deixis are father, the majesty, president, police, teacher, speaker, senator, majority leader, minatory majority, and members of both parties. The interpretation of deixis on Johnson’s speech, first person deixis mostly interpreted as a speaker, Lyndon Baines Johnson. Second person deixis can be interpreted as a replacement for someone who has a role as addressees, and third person deixis can be interpreted to third parties other than the speaker or the person being addressed. Time deixis is generally expressed in the whole time on Johnson’s speech. Place deixis concerns with the encoding of spatial locations relative to the location of the participants in the speech event. Discourse deixis can be interpreted to some portion of the discourse that contains that utterance (including the utterance itself). The last, social dexis concerns the encoding of social distinctions that are relative to participant’s roles. From the analysis above, it can be concluded that the use of deixis on Lyndon Baines Johnson’s speech is very important. With the use of deixis, misunderstanding will not happen because both the speaker and addressee will understand about what is talking about. Moreover, the analysis above on the use of deixis clearly shows the close relationship between context and the deictic expression must be adjusted with the context in which the speech takes place

Wujud Cecandran dalam Tindak Tutur Ilokusi di Desa Tumpakrejo, Kecamatan Gedangan, Kabupaten Malang

Tindak tutur ilokusi sering diucapkan dengan menggunakan unsur cecandran agar tuturan tersebut terlihat lebih indah jelas, dan akan memberikan gambaran tentang apa yang sedang diperumpakan dalam tuturan tersebut. Wujud cecandran dalam tindak tutur ilokusi di Desa Tumpakrejo, Kecamatan Gedangan, Kabupaten Malang akan menjadi topik pembahasan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penlitian deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan teori pragmatik untuk mempelajari segala konteks yang ada diluar bahasa juga maksud tuturan yang ada di masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan wujud, tujuan, serta konteks tindak tutur ilokusi yang memuat unsur cecandran. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari kegiatan simak dan catat terhadap percakapan yang terjadi di masyarakat Desa Tumpakrejo, kemudian data tersebut dianalisis dengan menggunakan model analisis Miles and Huberman. Dalam penelitian ini dijelaskan dengan lebih rinci tentang 12 jenis wujud cecandran dalam tindak tutur ilokusi. Dalam penelitian ini, juga dijelaskan beberapa tujuan dari tindak tutur ilokusi, diantaranya tujuan tindak tutur ilokusi convivial/menyenangkan menyapa, (2) tujuan tindak tutur ilokusi collaborative/kerjasama Selain itu juga dijelaskan empat konteks tindak tutur ilokusi, diantaranya (1) konteks kotekstual tempat, (2) konteks eksistensial waktu, (3) konteks aksional cemberut dan tertawa, (4) konteks psikologis marah. Kata Kunci: Ilokusi, cecandran, konteks tutur, tujuan tindak tutu

Cost of External Finance and Selection into Entrepreneurship

This paper examines the extent to which the positive relationship between personal wealth and entry into entrepreneurship is due to financing constraints. I exploit a tax reform and use unique micro-data from Denmark to study how exogenous changes in the cost of external finance shape both the probability of entering entrepreneurship and the characteristics of those who become entrepreneurs. As expected, differences-in-differences estimates show that the entry rates for individuals who faced an increase in the cost of finance fell by 40% relative to those whose cost of external finance was unchanged. However, while some of the fall in entry was due to less wealthy individuals with high human capital (confirming the presence of financing constraints), the greatest relative decline in entry came from individuals with lower human capital, many of whom were above median wealth. This finding suggests that an important part of the positive relationship between personal wealth and entrepreneurship may be driven by the fact that wealthy individuals with lower ability can start new businesses because they are less likely to face the disciplining effect of external finance.financing constraints, entrepreneurship, entry.