Synthesis of Nano-biocomposite Adsorbent and Investigation of Remediation of Reactive Black 5 Dye from Wastewater

When the wastes generated as a result of industrial production are directly released to the environment, they cause pollution of the ecosystem, which is valuable for all living things, with harmful and toxic substances and their derivatives. One of the most important of these wastes is synthetic chemical dyes. A lot of work is being done on waste management and waste disposal due to its importance. The purpose of our work was developed a new non-toxic and biodegradable biosorbent using sunflower waste material and chitosan. Later, we modified these biosorbents with nano-iron molecules to investigate the usability of this bio and nano-biosorbent in the removal of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) dye. The optimum removal conditions for RB5 dye were determined by examining the parameters (pH, temperature, contact time, etc.) for the removal of Reactive Black 5 dye. Surface and molecular changed and kinetic characterizations for bio and nano-biosorbent before and after dye removal were examined by UV-vis, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD techniques. For UV-vis analysis, 597 nm was used as the highest absorbance wavelength of RB5. In paint removal studies using CS and CSN, the optimum dye removal time was found to be 90 minutes. For CS and CSN, it was determined that the optimum temperature 40 and 50 oC and acidic pH (2-4) were higher for RB5 dye removal, respectively. The superficial and molecular changes of the synthesized nano-biosorbent after its interactions with the dye have been demonstrated and explained using different techniques. It is understood from the results that it can adsorb 22.5 mg / g dye for CSN and 21.59 mg/g for CS. These removal rates and the fact that we have obtained these rates using bioabsorbent shows that the method can be used to successfully remove RB5 dye

Proteolytic activities and safety use of Enterococcus faecalis strains isolated from Turkish White Pickled Cheese and milk samples

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗIn this study, Enterococcus faecalis proteolytic strains which have the potential to degradation of bovine milk proteins were isolated from Turkish White Pickled Cheeses and milk samples. E. faecalis strains were found to have strong caseinolytic activity. The extracellular protease enzymes produced by E. faecalis strains from 60 different samples were analyzed in the pattern of bands on a stained SDS-PAGE gel. The highest proteolytic activity of E. faecalis isolates were determined at pH 7.0 and 40 ℃ for 24 h. In addition, antimicrobial resistance and the presence of selected virulence genes of isolates were investigated for microbiological safety. These findings further emphasize that the E. faecalis isolates can be effective in the degradation of bovine milk proteins

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT, ANTIRADICALIC AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF OLIVE PITS (Olea eurOpaea L.)

The antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of olive pits (Olea europaea L.) were investigated through the following analyses in this study: The total antioxidant activity by the ferric thiocyanate method; 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazole-6-sulphonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity; superoxide anion radical (O 2 -) scavenging activity; the total reduction power by the potassium ferricyanide reduction method; Cupric ions (Cu ). Besides, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the olive pits (OP) were determined. In addition, α-tocopherol, butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA) and quercetin were used as reference antioxidant compounds. OP-aqueous and OP-ethanol extractsboth exhibited the highest phenol (OP-AE:95.3; OP-EE: 144.3 μg GAE mg -1 extract) and flavonoid (OP-AE: 183.7; OP-EE:262.4μg QE mg -1 extract) contents, and displayed the highest antioxidant activity. In addition, OP-AE and OP-EE exhibited higher antibacterial activity against eleven bacteria with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) values, ranging from 12.50 to 250 mu l/mL

Purification and characterisation of laccase from lactarius volemus and its application in removal of phenolic compounds from fruit juice

Laccases are multicopper oxidases (EC 1.10.3.2.), widely distributed in fungi, higher plants and bacteria. In this research, a laccase from Lactarius volemus (Russulaceae) was purified by 73.08 fold using precipitate of saturation (NH4)2SO4, DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S200. It was shown that purified enzyme was homogeneous in term of SDS-PAGE with molecular mass estimated of 30 kDa. The pH was optimal at 4.0, enzyme was stable at pH 3.0-5.0 and optimal temperature was at 50°C. Cu2+ and Fe2+ were activated to the purified laccase enzyme, and it was partially inhibited by 5 mM concentration of some metal salts and EDTA, urea, SDS, L-cysteine, dithioeritritol and ?-mercaptoethanol. In addition, it was investigated whether the purified and characterized laccase enzyme would remove the phenolic compound of some fruit juices which are responsible for haze formation and browning during storage. Their application led to reduction of total phenolic compounds for apple, apricot, cherry and grape juice. As a result, the effect of these enzymatic treatments on total phenol content and clarity of the juice were evaluated using a central composite design. This laccase enzyme had potential application in food processing

Effects of omeprazole, famotidine, and ranitidine on the enzyme activities of carbonic anhydrase from bovine stomach in vitro and rat erythrocytes in vivo

In this study, the effects of omeprazole, famotidine, and ranitidine on bovine stomach carbonic anhydrase (EC 4.2.1.1.) isoenzymes have been investigated in vitro. Bovine stomach carbonic anhydrase (CA) was purified from four different cell localisations of bovine stomach using affinity chromatography by Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine sulphanilamide. The inhibition or activation effects of three different medical drugs on CA isoenzymes were determined using esterase activity and the CO2-hydratase method by plotting activity % vs. [medical drug]. The K-i values for omeprazole, famotidine, and ranitidine were determined in all localization CA, respectively. The I-50 values of the drugs exhibiting an inhibition effect were found by means of these graphs. It was observed that omeprazole, famotidine, and ranitidine showed inhibition of bovine stomach CA activity. In addition, in vivo studies were performed for these medical drugs in Sprague-Dawley rats. It was demonstrated that CA in erythrocytes was significantly inhibited by these drugs to 3 h

Equilibrium studies of copper ion adsorption onto modified kernel of date (Fructus dactylus)

Heavy metal pollution of water is a serious problem because of its toxic effects on the human health and living organism. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies to remove toxic pollutants found in polluted water. There are different ways to remove the toxic metals from wastewater. Among all treatments proposed, the adsorption process is one of the most promising technologies in water pollution control. Recently, numerous approaches have been studied for the development of cheaper and effective adsorbents. Many low-cost adsorbents, including natural materials, biosorbents and waste materials from industry and agriculture, have been proposed by several researchers. In this study, removal of copper from aqueous solution by using powdered and modified kernel of date (Fructus dactylus) with apocarbonic anhydrase enzyme has been investigated. The operating variables studied were contact time, initial solution pH, initial metal concentration, temperature and adsorbent dosage. The experimental investigation results showed that modified and powdered kernel of date (F. dactylus) has a high level of adsorption capacity for copper ions. The adsorption data were correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fitted well to the data. The results revealed that copper is considerably adsorbed on modified and powdered kernel of date (F. dactylus). Consequently, it is concluded that the modified and powdered kernel of date (F. dactylus) can be successfully used for the removal of the copper ions from the aqueous solutions.Heavy metal pollution of water is a serious problem because of its toxic effects on the human health and living organism. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies to remove toxic pollutants found in polluted water. There are different ways to remove the toxic metals from wastewater. Among all treatments proposed, the adsorption process is one of the most promising technologies in water pollution control. Recently, numerous approaches have been studied for the development of cheaper and effective adsorbents. Many low-cost adsorbents, including natural materials, biosorbents and waste materials from industry and agriculture, have been proposed by several researchers. In this study, removal of copper from aqueous solution by using powdered and modified kernel of date (Fructus dactylus) with apocarbonic anhydrase enzyme has been investigated. The operating variables studied were contact time, initial solution pH, initial metal concentration, temperature and adsorbent dosage. The experimental investigation results showed that modified and powdered kernel of date (F. dactylus) has a high level of adsorption capacity for copper ions. The adsorption data were correlated with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. It was found that the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms fitted well to the data. The results revealed that copper is considerably adsorbed on modified and powdered kernel of date (F. dactylus). Consequently, it is concluded that the modified and powdered kernel of date (F. dactylus) can be successfully used for the removal of the copper ions from the aqueous solutions.</p