Ecological properties and close relationships of some Scilla L. Taxa (asparagaceae) in Turkey

Ecological properties of some Scilla L. taxa [S. bifolia L., S. melaina Speta, S. siberica Haw. subsp. armena (Grossh.) Mordak, S. leepii Speta, S. ingridae Speta, S. mesopotamica Speta, S. autumnalis L., S. monanthos C. Koch., S. rosenii C. Koch. and S. cilicica Siehe] were compared and relationships among taxa were determined. S.leepii and S. mesopotamica are endemic to Turkey. Because of various reasons, S. melaina, S. leepii, S. ingridae, S. mesopotamica, S. monanthos, S. siberica subsp. armena, S. rosenii and S. cilicica have limited distribution in Turkey. The investigated taxa have fragrant flowers, so are used as ornamental plant in gardens, parks and balconies in Turkey. Soil samples of the taxa were taken in flowering periods and physical and chemical properties (texture class, % of total salinity, pH, % of CaCO3, % of organic matter, % of total N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe and Zn (in mg/kg) were determined. According to the similarities and differences in ecological characteristics, the taxa were divided into four groups. 1st group: S. melaina, S. leepii, S. ingridae and S. mesopotamica; 2nd group: S. siberica subsp. armena and S. cilicica; 3rd group: S. bifolia and S. autumnalis; 4th group: S. rosenii and S. monanthos. From the data, it has been found that organic matter, N, P, K, Ca, Fe and Zn values are more effective than the other soil factors in the distributions of the investigated taxa. © 2018 Friends Science Publishers

A discussion on the parameters of Cowan M3 distribution for Turkey

In recent years, Cowan M3 distribution model started to be used widely, around the world by traffic engineers and researchers for capacity and performance analysis of roundabouts and unsignalized intersections. However, some differences between the usage and application in different countries are observed. This is mainly because of the difference between drivers' behaviors. In this study, the present applications of Cowan M3 distribution and its parameters are discussed and more appropriate parameters that will define Turkish drivers' behavior are searched. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved

COMPARATIVE ANATOMIC AND ECOLOGIC INVESTIGATION ON SOME ENDEMIC CROCUS

In the present study, anatomic and ecologic characteristics of 5 Crocus L. taxa (C. baytopiorum Mathew, C. biflorus Miller subsp. crewei (Hooker) Mathew, C. biflorus subsp. isauricus (Siehe ex Bowles) Mathew, C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena Mathew and C. cancellatus Herbert subsp. cancellatus) were compared. These taxa have both endemic (except subsp. crewei) and limited distribution in Turkey. The subsp. isauricus subsp. crewei and C. baytopiorum are flowering in early spring whereas subsp. cancellatus and subsp. pseudonubigena are flowering in autumn. In anatomical studies, the cross-sections of the stem and leaves of these taxa were examined. Moreover, arms, keel, micropapillae, mesophyll, stomata types, shape of the epidermis cells, crystal types and vascular bundles properties of the leaves were investigated. The number and the status of vascular bundles in stem, the status of mesophyll layer in leaves of these taxa were asserted as important taxonomic characters. The chemical and physical analysis of the soil samples were also determined

Turkish Economy

In this study, examining the contagion channels of EU debt crisis to Turkey, a financial fragility index is composed for the period of 2004:Q1-2014:Q3 to represent the debt crises. The relationship between this index and capital and finance channel (IIP), foreign trade channel (TTV), expectations channel (CCI and RCI) was analyzed by ARDL (Bound Test) method. Findings illustrates that there is a long run relationship between financial fragility index, real sector confidence index, trade volume and international investment position and that direction of the causality is from financial fragility index to other variables. As a result, EU debt crisis affects Turkey from all three channels, but the expectations channel has a comparative advantage

Comparative anatomic and ecologic investigation on some endemic Crocus taxa (Iridaceae) in Turkey

In the present study, anatomic and ecologic characteristics of 5 Crocus L. taxa (C. baytopiorum Mathew, C. biflorus Miller subsp. crewei (Hooker) Mathew, C. biflorus subsp. isauricus (Siehe ex Bowles) Mathew, C. biflorus subsp. pseudonubigena Mathew and C. cancellatus Herbert subsp. cancellatus) were compared. These taxa have both endemic (except subsp. crewei) and limited distribution in Turkey. The subsp. isauricus subsp. crewei and C. baytopiorum are flowering in early spring whereas subsp. cancellatus and subsp. pseudonubigena are flowering in autumn. In anatomical studies, the cross-sections of the stem and leaves of these taxa were examined. Moreover, arms, keel, micropapillae, mesophyll, stomata types, shape of the epidermis cells, crystal types and vascular bundles properties of the leaves were investigated. The number and the status of vascular bundles in stem, the status of mesophyll layer in leaves of these taxa were asserted as important taxonomic characters. The chemical and physical analysis of the soil samples were also determined

Practical biometric ratios of first-trimester screening

Purpose: The authors aimed to determine some practical contributive biometry ratios of the first trimester screening in order to note more accurate measurements and recognize abnormal/mistaken measurements. Materials and Methods: All medical records of singleton pregnancies whose first-trimester screening that was performed between the years of 2004-2010, were evaluated retrospectively. Singleton pregnancies with detected/suspicious anatomical or genetic fetal anomalies, any systemic disease, and familial genetic diseases were excluded. The following ratios were calculated and compared: measurements of biparietal diameter [BPD], head circumference [HC], abdominal circumference [AC], femur length [FL], and crown rump length [CRL] of included fetuses, to each other were calculated. Mean and standard deviations of the ratios were determined for each gestational weeks of 11(0.6), 12(0-6), and 13(0.6). Results: A total of 1,615 singleton pregnancies were included in the data analyses according to exclusion and inclusion criteria. Mean maternal age was 29.5 +/- 4.6 years. Mean gestational age of the fetuses was 12.6 +/- 0.6 weeks. Mean and standard deviation of the ratios were as follows; CRL/BPD: 3.0 +/- 0.2; AC/BPD: 3.0 +/- 0.2; CRL/AC: 1.0 +/- 0.1; CRL/HC: 0.8 +/- 0.1; CRL/FL: 8.8 +/- 1.6; BPD/FL: 2.9 +/- 0.6; AC/FL: 8.9 +/- 1.6; HC/FL: 11.1 +/- 2.2, and HC/AC: 1.3 +/- 0.1. Among these ratios the standard deviation was small in the ratios of CRL/BPD, AC/BPD, CRL/AC, CRL/HC, and HC/AC. The equations of these ratios were derived from linear regression analyses. The AC/BPD, and CRL/AC ratios had lower R2 values than others, indicating a rather constant ratio. Conclusions: The ratios of CRL/BPD, AC/BPD, and CRL/AC seem more practical to be used in the first-trimester fetal ultrasonography practice

Comparison of different capacity models for traffic circles

Traffic circles have been used in many countries all over the world. Traffic circles can be defined as intersections where traffic circulates around a center island where priority is given to the vehicles entering from branches and are designed considering weaving movements as the basic goal. There are two most common capacity analysis methods for traffic circles: the method of critical gap acceptance and the method of regression analysis. This study explains the methods of gap acceptance and regression analysis. Ashworth and Field method is investigated and the applicability of these capacity models in Turkey is discussed. The obtained results have shown that both methodologies give satisfactory results; however, the existing methods should be improved (modified) considering conditions