Conceptual approaches to the understanding of economic safety of region: essence, structure, factors and conditions

This article defines the relationship of economic security and competitiveness, explains the impact of the competitiveness of industrial enterprises on the security of a region’s economy. The purpose of this study is to study conceptual approaches to the term “regional economic security”, specification of the subject, object and subject of this category to identify the most important aspects influencing regional economic security, and to offer the idea of methods for the assessment of the level of economic security from the position of the selected aspect. The article begins with a consideration of the evolution of the term «economic security». Then factors influencing economic safety of national economy and economic security of the region in the economic security of the country were determined. The article provides an analysis of modern interpretations of this term with the various author’s positions, formulates the object, the object and subject of regional economic security, and on the basis of the conducted research presents the author’s interpretation and structure of the “economic security of the region”, which includes two blocks: the monitoring of the state of the economy of the region and the development of a strategy. Conditions are identified compliance with which is necessary to ensure and improve the economic security of the region, one of which is the competitiveness of the regional economy. The article explains the impact of competitiveness on economic security, and shows the interdependence of national economic competitiveness and the region, and of the competitiveness of industrial enterprises. The impact of innovative development of a industrial enterprise on its competitiveness is also determined. A model is proposed for the evaluation of competitiveness of industrial enterprises, according to which, industrial competitiveness will be determined by the area of the constructed polygon. The larger the area of the polygon, the higher its competitive advantage. The proposed method allows one to evaluate the level of competitiveness of industrial enterprises, and its impact on the competitiveness of the region.В статье определяется взаимосвязь экономической безопасности и конкурентоспособности, обосновывается влияние конкурентоспособности промышленного предприятия на безопасность экономики региона. Целью исследования является изучение концептуальных подходов к термину «экономическая безопасность региона», конкретизация предмета, объекта и субъекта данной категории, выявление наиболее значимых аспектов, оказывающих влияние на региональную экономическую безопасность, и разработка методического подхода к оценке уровня экономической безопасности с позиции выделенного аспекта. Рассматривается эволюция термина «экономическая безопасность». Определяются факторы, оказывающие влияние на экономическую безопасность национальной экономики и место экономической безопасности региона в экономической безопасности страны. Проводится анализ современной трактовки данного термина с различных авторских позиций, формулируются объект, предмет и субъект региональной экономической безопасности, и на основе проведенных исследований представлена авторская трактовка и структура «экономической безопасности региона», которая включает два блока: мониторинг состояния экономики региона и выработку стратегии. Предложена классификация факторов, оказывающих влияние на экономическую безопасность региона, которая показывает, что в зависимости от направленности своего влияния одни и те же факторы могут выступать в качестве угроз, а могут использоваться в качестве возможностей. Определяются условия, соблюдение которых необходимо для обеспечения и повышения экономической безопасности региона, одним из них выступает конкурентоспособность региональной экономики. Обосновывается влияние конкурентоспособности на экономическую безопасность, а также показана взаимозависимость конкурентоспособности национальной экономики и региона от конкурентоспособности промышленного предприятия. Определяется влияние инновационного развития промышленного предприятия на его конкурентоспособность. Предлагается модель оценки конкурентоспособности промышленного предприятия, согласно которой конкурентоспособность промышленного предприятия будет определяться площадью построенного многоугольника. Чем больше площадь многоугольника, тем выше его конкурентные преимущества. Предложенная методика позволяет оценить уровень конкурентоспособности промышленных предприятий и уровень его влияния на конкурентоспособность региона

Terahertz radiation due to random grating coupled surface plasmon polaritons

We report on terahertz (THz) radiation under electrical pumping from a degenerate semiconductor possessing an electron accumulation layer. In InN, the random grating formed by topographical defects provides high-efficiency coupling of surface plasmon polaritons supported by the accumulation layer to the THz emission. The principal emission band occupies the 2-6 THz spectral range. We establish a link between the shape of emission spectra and the structural factor of the random grating and show that the change of slope of power dependencies is characteristic for temperature-dependent plasmonic mechanisms. The super-linear rise of a THz emission intensity on applied electric power provides advantage of such materials in emission yield.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

PLASMA Th1/Th2/Th17 CYTOKINE PROFILE AND CYTOKINE GENE POLYMORPHISMS (IL12B, IL13, IL31, IL33) IN ASTHMATIC CHILDREN: A MAGNETIC MULTIPLEX ASSAY

The study of the bronchial asthma pathogenesis is an urgent problem due to its high prevalence and often developing uncontrolled severe ashma, including in childhood. The first signs of asthma development tend to occur in childhood, which causes deterioration in the patient’s quality of life and early disability. Since BA is a genetically mediated process, the severity of the disease is assumed to depend on the presence of a specific allelic variant in the mediator (e.g. cytokines) genes involved in the BA pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to search for immunogenetic markers of severe asthma in Slavs children living in Krasnoyarsk city. The quantitative indicators of the Th1/Th2/Th17-cytokine profile in children with bronchial asthma (BA) with varying disease severity, depending on the polymorphism of cytokine genes, using the method of multiplex analysis (xMAP), were first determined. Changes in the cytokine background in BA patients fit into the concept that a percentage of neutrophilic endotype, which performs its functions through Th1 and Th17-lymphocytes in severe asthma, increases. In addition, the cytokine profile data depending on concomitant acute respiratory infections were obtained. There was an imbalance when analyzing the cytokine plasma level, with a tendency to maintain the protective functions of the immune system among patients in remission. Distribution of cytokine genes was obtained: allelic variants of IL12B rs321220*G, IL13 rs1800925*C, IL31 rs7977932*C and IL33 rs7044343*T are the most common in the population sampling from Krasnoyarsk. The probability of the genotype association of cytokine genes (IL12B, IL13, IL31, IL33) with the state of the immune system in bronchial asthma with varying disease severity in children was studied: a significant association of the TT genotype IL12B rs3212220 with a low concentration of IL-12B was presented. Our data obtained can be used along with the previously obtained immunogenetic markers of severe and uncontrolled asthma in children for patient-specific prognosis of the disease nature

Delay and distortion of slow light pulses by excitons in ZnO

Light pulses propagating through ZnO undergo distortions caused by both bound and free excitons. Numerous lines of bound excitons dissect the pulse and induce slowing of light around them, to the extend dependent on their nature. Exciton-polariton resonances determine the overall pulse delay and attenuation. The delay time of the higher-energy edge of a strongly curved light stripe approaches 1.6 ns at 3.374 eV with a 0.3 mm propagation length. Modelling the data of cw and time-of-flight spectroscopies has enabled us to determine the excitonic parameters, inherent for bulk ZnO. We reveal the restrictions on these parameters induced by the light attenuation, as well as a discrepancy between the parameters characterizing the surface and internal regions of the crystal.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Mie-resonances, infrared emission and band gap of InN

Mie resonances due to scattering/absorption of light in InN containing clusters of metallic In may have been erroneously interpreted as the infrared band gap absorption in tens of papers. Here we show by direct thermally detected optical absorption measurements that the true band gap of InN is markedly wider than currently accepted 0.7 eV. Micro-cathodoluminescence studies complemented by imaging of metallic In have shown that bright infrared emission at 0.7-0.8 eV arises from In aggregates, and is likely associated with surface states at the metal/InN interfaces.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR