Analysis of an Exact Solution of Problem of the Evaporative Convection (Review). Part II. Three-dimensional Flows

In the paper the review of exact solutions of the three-dimensional convection problems is presented. The solutions allow one to model the two-layer convective fluid flows with evaporation at the thermocapillary interface

Analysis of an Exact Solution of Problem of the Evaporative Convection (Review). Part I. Plane Case

Development of theory describing the convection under conditions of "liquid – gas" phase transition, is caused by the active experimental study of the convective phenomena accompanied by evaporation/condensation at interphase. Results of the analytical and numerical investigation of new nonstandard problems of heat and mass transfer in domains with free surfaces or interfaces allow one to evaluate the adequacy of new mathematical models and to derive new characteristic criteria. The obtained fundamental knowledge on physical mechanisms of the studied processes provides the basis of modification and improvement of the fluidic technologies using the evaporating liquids and gas-vapor mixtures as working media. In the paper the analysis of the exact solution of the convection equations, which gives a possibility to model the two-layer convective fluid flows with evaporation, is presented

Air-tightness evaluation in thoracic surgery with use of laser optical-acoustic spectroscopy

The simple and effective method of the leakage test in thoracic surgery using laser photo-acoustic leak detector «LaserGasTest» was suggested and tested in experiment on mongrels. Sulfur hexafluoride used for the work of leak detector is an inert and biologically harmless gas of the 4th class of danger and its concentration in medical ventilation apparatus does not exceed 5000 mg/m3 (0.077 %). The proposed technique provides real-time high-frequency determination of location and size of leakage

USE OF TITANIUM NIKELIDE IMPLANT AND FREE REVASCULARIZED FLAP FOR RECONSTRUCTION OF FENESTRATED TRACHEAL DEFECT (EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION)

Reconstruction of fenestrated tracheal defect using free revascularized flap combined with titanium nikelide implant has been developed. The experimental study was performed on 8 mongrels, on which defect or tracheostomy was created. The tracheal defect reconstruction was completed using free fasciocutaneous inguinal flap. Efficacy of the method was tested using clinical, radiological, macro- and microscopic examination. It is ascertained, that the technique permits to reconstruct fenestrated tracheal defect with minimal injury of donor zone, to simplify and shorten the operation

NEW TECHNOLOGIES iN RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY OF INJURIES AND CICATRICIAL STENOSES OF TRACHEA

The results of treatment of 9 patients with mechanical injury of trachea and of 22 patients with cicatricial stenoses of trachea are presented, in this article. 18 patients had. staged, reconstructive and plastic operations at the cicatricial stenosis, 2 patients had. endoscopic recanalization of tracheal lumen and. 2 patients had. sleeve resection of trachea with, anastomosis. An. original medical complex including argon-plasmatic, cryosurgical and. lymphotropic technologies. In all cases we managed, to recover respiratory tract integrity and. to provide adequate breath through, natural respiratory tract

Reconstructive interventions in thoracic surgery using titanium nickelide implants

The original techniques of bronchus stump closure, modeling and disjunction of non-neoplastic tracheoesophageal fistula, replacement of postresectional defects of the trachea, pericardium, diaphragm and the thoracic wall using titanium nickelide implants have been developed and tested. It was ascertained that these methods were highly effective and simplified and standardized surgical procedures, provided anatomic and physiologic reconstruction of the injured area

Comparative Assessment of Quality Requirements for Medicinal Products Containing Diosmin

Currently, there is an increase in preand post-approval testing of medicinal products containing diosmin and hence a need to unify approaches to standardisation of this group of pharmaceuticals. Moreover, the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation lacks a monograph for these products.The aim of the study was to determine an approach to standardisation of medicinal products containing diosmin.Materials and methods: the study analysed scientific publications, as well as monographs of leading foreign pharmacopoeias. Experimental work was carried out using samples of diosmin-containing pharmaceuticals in the form of 500 and 1000 mg film-coated tablets produced by Russian and foreign manufacturers. The study involved high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection using an Agilent 1260 Infinity II liquid chromatography system with a diode array detector. The following reference standards were used: a diosmin RS, USP grade; a hesperidin CRS, Ph. Eur. Grade; and a diosmin CRS for testing chromatography system suitability for identification of impurities A, B, C, D, E, and F, Ph. Eur. grade.Results: the authors reviewed quality requirements for pharmaceutical products containing diosmin and analysed experimental data obtained during preand post-approval testing of Russian and foreign medicines. The comparison of regulatory documents for registered diosmin-containing medicinal products showed a difference in approaches to assessing the contents of related substances and active pharmaceutical ingredients. Having analysed the literature, experimental data and regulatory requirements for standardisation of diosmin-containing pharmaceuticals, the authors recommended an approach to standardisation. According to the approach, concomitant flavonoids (hesperidin, isorchoifolin, linarin, and diosmetin) contributing to the pharmacological activity of a medicinal product are specified as part of Assay, and process-related by-products (impurities A and D) are specified and evaluated as part of Related substances tests.Conclusion: the authors propose to evaluate the contents of concomitant flavonoids (hesperidin, isorchoifolin, linarin, diosmetin) under Assay and to specify impurities A and D, as well as single unidentified impurities and total amount of impurities under Related substances

Фенотипический профиль клеток моноцитарно-макрофагального ряда в зависимости от состояния респираторного эпителия

The mechanism of the relationship between pretumor changes in the bronchial respiratory epithelium and the risk of progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. It has been suggested that the relationship between reactive changes in the bronchial mucosa and NSCLC progression may be caused by the functional status of monocytic-macrophage cells as important participants in infammation, which determines both the risk of premalignant changes in the epithelium and malignant progression. The purpose of the study was to investigate the phenotypic profle of peripheral blood monocytes and macrophages induced from monocytes in vitro depending on the state of respiratory epithelium in NSCLC patients. Material and Methods. The study included 39 patients with newly diagnosed NSCLC. Based on the morphological examination of small bronchi taken at the distance of 3–5 cm from the tumor, patients were divided into the following groups depending on the type of pretumor changes: no pretumor changes (n=6), isolated basal cell hyperplasia (BCH) (n=13), combination of BCH and squamous metaplasia (SM) (n=3), combination of unchanged epithelium and focal BCH (n=17). The phenotypic features of peripheral blood monocytes and in vitro-induced macrophages were assessed before treatment using fow cytometry. Results. The state of the respiratory epithelium in NSCLC patients prior to the start of anticancer treatment was associated with the phenotypic features of peripheral blood monocytes, but not with the profle of macrophages induced from them. Distortion of the response of induced macrophages to the polarizing stimuli was observed in NSCLC patients: the cultured cells responded to both M1 and M2 inducers (LPS and IL-4, respectively) with a phenotype shift to M2, while the CD206 marker expression varied depending on the presence and type of pretumor changes. Conclusion. The phenotypic profle of peripheral blood monocytes was associated with the state of the respiratory epithelium in NSCLC patients before anti-tumor treatment, but not with the phenotypic features of induced macrophages.Механизм взаимосвязи предопухолевых изменений в респираторном эпителии бронхов с риском прогрессирования немелкоклеточного рака легкого (НМРЛ) остается неясным. Предполагается, что связь между реактивными изменениями в слизистой бронхов и прогрессированием НМРЛ может быть обусловлена функциональным статусом клеток моноцитарно-макрофагальной линии, являющихся важными участниками процессов воспаления, которое определяет как риск предопухолевых изменений в эпителии, так и прогрессирование злокачественного новообразования. Цель исследования – изучение фенотипического профиля моноцитов периферической крови и макрофагов, индуцированных из моноцитов in vitro, в зависимости от состояния респираторного эпителия у больных НМРЛ. Материал и методы. В исследование включено 39 больных с впервые диагностированным НМРЛ. На основании результатов морфологического исследования мелких бронхов, взятых на расстоянии 3–5 см от опухоли, в зависимости от варианта предопухолевых изменений больные были разделены на следующие группы: отсутствие предопухолевых изменений (n=6), изолированная базальноклеточная гиперплазия (БКГ) (n=13), сочетание БКГ и плоскоклеточной метаплазии (ПМ) (n=3), сочетание неизмененного эпителия и очаговой БКГ (n=17). Оценка фенотипических особенностей моноцитов периферической крови и индуцированных in vitro макрофагов проводилась до начала противоопухолевого лечения больных методом проточной цитометрии. Результаты. Состояние респираторного эпителия у больных НМРЛ до начала противоопухолевого лечения ассоциировано с фенотипическими особенностями моноцитов периферической крови, но не с профилем индуцированных из них макрофагов. У больных НМРЛ отмечено искажение ответа индуцированных макрофагов на поляризующие стимулы: как на М1-, так и на М2-индукторы (LPS и IL-4, соответственно) культивируемые клетки отвечали сдвигом фенотипа в М2-сторону, при этом экспрессия маркера CD206 варьировала в некотором диапазоне в зависимости от наличия и варианта предопухолевых изменений. Заключение. Фенотипический профиль моноцитов периферической крови ассоциирован с состоянием респираторного эпителия у больных НМРЛ до начала противоопухолевого лечения, но не с фенотипическими особенностями индуцированных макрофагов.

'I act this way because why?' Prior knowledges, teaching for change, imagining new masculinities

This article begins by outlining some of the prior knowledges brought by undergraduate students to an introduction to gender studies class in the Women's and Gender Studies Department at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. I show that, at the beginning of the course, students clearly understand gender to refer to women and femininity, imagining femininity (but not masculinity) to be responsive to social change. I suggest that, in the face of these prior knowledges, it is important to focus on masculinity as performance, as a cultural artefact and one that is deeply harmful to South African men. Student experiences of this teaching and learning suggest that it offers possibilities for imagining men as allies and beneficiaries - rather than enemies - in the struggle for gender equity

Mongolian Part of the Transboundary Sailugem Natural Plague Focus in 2017. Communication 1. Epizootic condition

Objective – estimation of current epizootic condition of Mongolian part of transboundary Sailugem natural plague focus. Materials and methods. Epizootiological survey was performed for the area of 2335 km2, 277 mammals and 516 ectoparasites were investigated for plague. Results and conclusions. Eight Yersinia pestis subsp. pestis strains were isolated, including 7 strains – from grey marmots (6 – from the remains of meals of predatory birds, 1 from a corpse) and 1 – from long-tailed souslik (corpse). Y. pestis DNA was detected in 52 objects. Serological samples showed 40 positive results. Epizootic manifestations, confirmed by isolation of Y. pestis cultures, detection of plague microbe DNA, and positive serological results, were observed across the area of 1611 km2 covering 69 % of the inspected territory. Epizootic results indicated high infection rate of mass mammal species and first of all grey marmots. The data demonstrated that the extended plague epizooty caused by Y. pestis of the main subspecies occurred in the inspected territory in the carrier settlements. For the first time the circulation of Y. pestis subsp. pestis was registered in the Mongolian part of the transboundary Sailugem focus