Effect of friction deformation on the structure and properties of a metastable austenitic chromium-nickel steel

The effect of surface friction deformation on the phase composition, structure, and strength properties of a ribbon produced from a chromium-nickel steel with metastable austenite is studied. It is shown that friction processing intensifies the γ-α transformation, creating favorable conditions for the formation of a highly dispersed structure in a thin surface layer and, thus, increasing the microhardness, the elastic limit, the fatigue stability, and the Bauschinger effect. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Legal standards of free utilization of intellectual property in the sphere of digital economy

The aim of the article is the development of legal standards of free utilization of intellectual property, which will become the basis for the new complex legislative regulation of relationships, that has been arisen due to the development of digital economy. Conceptual basis for the new institutional environment can be represented by the theory of free culture, practical implementation of which provides the transition from agreement-based monopolistic rhetoric towards free utilization of the results of intellectual activity in the cyber environment. We conclude the need to define the legal regime for intellectual property, dependent on its intended use into commercial and non-commercial. We propose to free the sphere of non-commercial from as many legislative barriers as possible. We also propose to widen the use of simplified registration procedures with the participation of commercial organizations, as well as intellectual property (IP) data bases. The preservation of copyright in this sphere is sensible. The principles of equity, fairness should be fundamental institutions for the free utilization of IP. Authors propose the most open and vast rules of communication within the digital environment, which have evolved naturally. Separate standards exists in the form of concepts requiring practical implementation, others have been legally enforced, such as the priority of market mechanisms over government regulation of Internet, principle of balance of right-holders and users. Absence of unified standards of synchronization of digital hardware and high cost of automated systems of control with exclusive rights within the Internet network (e.g. Swiss DRM) oppose the development of digital economy. The results of the study can be used in further development of the stated problems.peer-reviewe

Comparative legal analysis of mediation in Russia and the EU

The purpose of this article is to identify the specifics of mediation procedures, review them as extrajudicial method of conflict resolution. As the methodological basis of the research we use the synergistic, phenomenological and dialectical analysis techniques to examine the main aspects of the mediation as well as identify its principal features. As a result of the study, the authors concluded that in Russia it is necessary to take into account the international experience of mediation, legislation to support the mediation process and in some cases give it forceful character, to develop cooperation with the courts and notaries with the mediators.peer-reviewe

Induced Scattering and Two-Photon Absorption of Alfven Waves with Arbitrary Propagation Angles

The equation for temporary evolution of spectral energy of collisionless Alfven waves is derived in framework of weak turbulence theory. The main nonlinear processes for such conditions are induced scattering and two quantum absorption of Alfven waves by thermal ions. The equation for velocity distribution of thermal particles is derived that describes diffusion in momentum space due to this nonlinear processes. Comparison is done with the results of another authors. Results obtained are qualitatively differ from the ones obtained for the case of Alfven waves propagation along mean magnetic field.Comment: 8 page

Nash equilibrium design in the interaction model of entities in the customs service system

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the importance of the use of economic-mathematical tools in the course of modeling the interaction of the entities in the customs service system that is necessary for the development of foreign economic activity (FEA) of any state. The purpose of the article is to identify effective strategies for the interaction between the participants of foreign trade activities with customs brokers. The leading method to the study of this issue is economic-mathematical modeling, allowing studying the process of making decisions while choosing the strategy of cooperation between the customs broker and his client. Results: the article suggests the mathematical model to optimize the management mechanisms of interaction between enterprises, engaged in foreign trade, and customs dealers. The data of this article may be useful in modeling interaction of the entities in the customs service system using the methods of game theory. The model of “customer - customs broker” is implemented as a bimatrix game. Assuming the noncooperativegame the authors solve the problem of finding Nash equilibrium in mixed strategies. © 2016 Fedorenko et al

Evaluation of grain yield performance and its stability in various spring barley accessions under condition of different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine

Two extremely urgent problems of biological and agronomic research nowadays are ensuring an optimal balance between usage of natural resources to meet rapidly growing needs for food production and preservation of biodiversity. It is also important to extend the genetic diversity of the main crop varieties in agroecosystems. At the same time, modern varieties should be characterized by a combination of high yield and preserving yield stability under variable conditions. Solving the outlined tasks requires comprehensive research and involvement in breeding process of the genetical diversity concentrated in genebanks of the world. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the most important crops that satisfy the various needs of humanity. In respect to this, in 2020–2022, a multi-environment trial was conducted in three agroclimatic zones of Ukraine (Forest-Steppe, Polissia, and Northern Steppe). We studied 44 spring barley collection accessions of different ecological and geographical origin, different subspecies and groups of botanical varieties which were obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Statistical indices (Hom, Sc) and graphical models (GGE biplot, AMMI) were used to interpret the yield performance and its stability. Both individual ecological sites in different years and combinations of different sites and years of trials were characterized for productivity, discriminating power and representativeness. The environments differed quite strongly among themselves in terms of these indicators. It was established that most of the genotypes were characterized by higher adaptability to individual environmental conditions (stability in different years), compared to adaptability for all agroclimatic zones (wide adaptation). A strong cross-over genotype by environment interaction was found for most studied accessions. Nevertheless, both genotypes with very high stability in only one agroclimatic zone (Amil (UKR), Gateway (CAN)) and genotypes with a combination of high adaptability to one or two ecological niches and relatively higher wide adaptability (Stymul (UKR), Ly-1064 (UKR), Rannij (KAZ), Shedevr (UKR), and Arthur (CZE)) were identified. There were also the accessions which did not show maximum performance in the individual sites, but had relatively higher wide adaptability (Ly-1059 (UKR), Ly-1120 (UKR), Diantus (UKR), and Danielle (CZE)). In general, the naked barley genotypes were inferior to the covered ones in terms of yield potential and wide adaptability, but at the same time, some of them (CDC ExPlus (CAN), CDC Gainer (CAN), and Roseland (CAN)), accordingly to the statistical indicators, had increased stability in certain ecological sites. Among naked barley accessions relatively better wide adaptability according to the graphical analysis was found in the accession CDC McGwire (CAN), and by the statistical parameters CDC ExPlus (CAN) was better than standard. The peculiarities of yield manifestation and its variability in different spring barley genotypes in the multi-environment trial revealed in this study will contribute to the complementation and deepening of existing data in terms of the genotype by environment interaction. Our results can be used in further studies for developing spring barley variety models both with specific and wide adaptation under conditions of different agroclimatic zones of Ukraine. The disitnguished accessions of different origin and botanical affiliation are recommended for creating a new breeding material with the aim of simultaneously increasing yield potential and stability, as well as widening the genetic basis of spring barley varieties

Double difiusion in Ar-N2 Binary gas system at the constant value of temperature gradient

An experimental study of the diffusion-gravitational convection transition boundary in an Ar-N2 binary system at different pressures and a constant temperature gradient is performed. It is shown that the diflusion is replaced by the gravitational convection at a pressure p 0:5 MPa. In terms of the stability theory, a perturbation boundary line is determined, dividing the Rayleigh numbers plane into the regions of the diflusion and the convective mass transfer. The experimental data agree well with the theoretical values

Effect of superabsorbent on soil moisture, productivity and some physiological and biochemical characteristics of basil

Received: February 8th, 2021 ; Accepted: May 5th, 2021 ; Published: May 14th, 2021 ; Correspondence: [email protected] study was carried out in 2019–2020, in the conditions of the Right-Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine. The results on the influence of absorbents in gel and powder forms on the productivity of basil plants (Ocimum basilicum L.) are presented. For research were used field, laboratory, statistical and calculation-analytical methods. Absorbent in the form of a gel was used while transplanting: dip the roots of the plant in the solution and then transplant in the field. Absorbent in the form of a powder - 5 kg ha-1 , application of the absorbent into the soil layer 20–25 cm-1 . Absorbents contributed to a slight decrease of sugar content (-0.86–2.68% in the cultivar of Badioryi, -1.48–2.35% in the cultivar of Rutan), significantly decrease ascorbic acid (-8.6–20.1%) and content of the essential oil (8.0–19.4%) and indirectly increased essential oil yield by increasing fresh weight yield in both varieties. The activity of APX, CAT, SOD, tended to decrease in all variants of the experiment, regardless of the form of the absorbent. APX (-12.8–35.1%), CAT (-10.9–22.0%), SOD (-11.9–17.0%). Higher yields were observed in the version with the introduction of the absorbent in the form of a gel. Thus, the yield of the cultivars of Badioryi and Rutan exceeded the control by 52.67 and 50.05%, in accordance. The productivity of basil is increased with the use of superabsorbent polymers. This practice can be recommended to agricultural producers who grow vegetables, in particular, basil in areas of unstable or insufficient moisture

Critical Behaviour of 3D Systems with Long-Range Correlated Quenched Defects

A field-theoretic description of the critical behaviour of systems with quenched defects obeying a power law correlations $\sim |{\bf x}|^{-a}$ for large separations ${\bf x}$ is given. Directly for three-dimensional systems and different values of correlation parameter $2\leq a \leq 3$ a renormalization analysis of scaling function in the two-loop approximation is carried out, and the fixed points corresponding to stability of the various types of critical behaviour are identified. The obtained results essentially differ from results evaluated by double $\epsilon, \delta$ - expansion. The critical exponents in the two-loop approximation are calculated with the use of the Pade-Borel summation technique.Comment: Submitted to J. Phys. A, Letter to Editor 9 pages, 4 figure

Glutamate Concentration in the Serum of Patients with Schizophrenia

Glutamate is the major neurotransmitter with multiple functions in the central nervous system. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is involved in the pathophysiological processes in schizophrenia. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of glutamate in the serum of patients with paranoid schizophrenia compared with healthy individuals, and depending on the duration of the schizophrenic process and leading clinical symptoms. We investigated the level of glutamate in the serum of 158 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 94 healthy persons. Higher concentrations of glutamate in schizophrenic patients compared with healthy persons have been found. The maximum concentrations of glutamate were detected in patients with disease duration of more than ten years. Glutamate level in the serum does not depend on the prevailing negative or positive clinical symptoms. The increased concentration of glutamate can hypothetically contribute to dopaminergic and glutamatergic imbalance, leading to the development of psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction