3,306 research outputs found
An experience sampling study of physical activity and positive affect: investigating the role of situational motivation and perceived intensity across time
The nature of the association between physical activity and positive affect is complex, prompting experts to recommend continued examination of moderating variables. The main purpose of this 2-week field study was to examine the influence of situational motivational regulations from self-determination theory (SDT) on changes in positive affect from pre- to post- to 3-hours post-physical activity. Another purpose was to clarify the relationship between physical activity intensity [i.e., Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE)] and positive affect at the stated time points. This study employed an experience sampling design using electronic questionnaires. Sixty-six healthy and active, multiple-role women provided recurrent assessments of their physical activity, situational motivation, and positive affect in their everyday lives over a 14-day period. Specifically, measures were obtained at the three time points of interest (i.e., pre-, post-, 3-hours post-physical activity). The data were analyzed using multilevel modeling. Results showed that intrinsic motivation was related to post-physical activity positive affect while the influence of identified regulation appeared 3-hours post-physical activity. In addition, RPE, which was significantly predicted by levels of introjection, was more strongly associated with an increase in positive affect post-physical activity than three hours later. The theoretical implications of these findings vis-aÌ vis SDT, namely in regards to a viable motivational sequence predicting the influence of physical activity on affective states, are discussed. The findings regarding the differential influences of RPE and motivational regulations carries applications for facilitating womenâs well-being
Gambaran Makroskopik Dan Mikroskopik Ureter Pada Hewan Coba Postmortem
: Postmortem changes provide a lot of valuable information about the time, causes, and mechanisms of death. This study was aimed to obtain an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic postmortem changes of ureter at several time intervals during 48 hours postmortem. This was a descriptive study using pigs as samples. The results showed that macroscopic postmortem changes of ureters began to appear at 5 hours postmortem marked by changes in color, consistency, and length of the ureters. Meanwhile, the microscopic postmortem changes of the ureters began to appear at 4 hours postmortem characterized by congestion, however, the transitional epithelial cell could be identified. At 5 hours postmortem, a number of transitional cells showed pycnotic nuclei. At 15 hous postmortem, the transitional layer began to detach from the lamina propria; cells with pycnotic nuclei increased in number. At 30 hours postmortem, the transitional layer was detached from the lamina propria and in general the structure of ureter layers could not be identified. Conclusion: Macroscopic changes in color, consistency and length of ureter could be observed the earliest at 5 hours postmortem Microscopic changes could be identified at 4 hours postmortem characterized by congestion, however, the transitional cells could be idemtified. At 5 hours postmortem, the early necrosis of transitional cells occured. At 30 hours postmortem the structure of ureter layers could not be identified
SLC26A Gene Family Participate in pH Regulation during Enamel Maturation.
The bicarbonate transport activities of Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are essential to physiological processes in multiple organs. Although mutations of Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 have not been linked to any human diseases, disruption of Slc26a1, Slc26a6 or Slc26a7 expression in animals causes severe dysregulation of acid-base balance and disorder of anion homeostasis. Amelogenesis, especially the enamel formation during maturation stage, requires complex pH regulation mechanisms based on ion transport. The disruption of stage-specific ion transporters frequently results in enamel pathosis in animals. Here we present evidence that Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are highly expressed in rodent incisor ameloblasts during maturation-stage tooth development. In maturation-stage ameloblasts, Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 show a similar cellular distribution as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (Cftr) to the apical region of cytoplasmic membrane, and the distribution of Slc26a7 is also seen in the cytoplasmic/subapical region, presumably on the lysosomal membrane. We have also examined Slc26a1 and Slc26a7 null mice, and although no overt abnormal enamel phenotypes were observed in Slc26a1-/- or Slc26a7-/- animals, absence of Slc26a1 or Slc26a7 results in up-regulation of Cftr, Ca2, Slc4a4, Slc4a9 and Slc26a9, all of which are involved in pH homeostasis, indicating that this might be a compensatory mechanism used by ameloblasts cells in the absence of Slc26 genes. Together, our data show that Slc26a1, Slc26a6 and Slc26a7 are novel participants in the extracellular transport of bicarbonate during enamel maturation, and that their functional roles may be achieved by forming interaction units with Cftr
Gambaran EKG pada Individu dengan Kebiasaan Makan Ayam KFC
Fast food contains high fat and sodium but limited or low nutrients such as calcium, riboflavin, vitamins, magnesium, vitamin C, folate, and fiber; therefore it is classified as poor-vegetable food. Excessive consumption of Kentucky fried chicken (KFC), a kind of fast food, can lead to obesity and further to various degenerative diseases such as coronary heart diseases, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. This study was aimed to obtain the electro-cardiography profile of people who used to consume KFC. This was a descriptive study using a cross sectional study. There were 21 subjects in this study. The ECG examination showed that of the 21 subjects, 11 had abnormal ECG result. Conclusion: In this study, half of the subjects showed abnormal ECG
The H alpha Galaxy Survey. IV. Star formation in the local Universe
We present an analysis of the star formation properties of field galaxies
within the local volume out to a recession velocity limit of 3000 km/s. A
parent sample of 863 star-forming galaxies is used to calculate a B-band
luminosity function. This is then populated with star formation information
from a subsample of 327 galaxies, for which we have H alpha imaging, firstly by
calibrating a relationship between galaxy B-band luminosity and star formation
rate, and secondly by a Monte Carlo simulation of a representative sample of
galaxies, in which star formation information is randomly sampled from the
observed subset. The total star formation rate density of the local Universe is
found to be between 0.016 and 0.023 MSun/yr/cubic Mpc, with the uncertainties
being dominated by the internal extinction correction used in converting
measured H alpha fluxes to star formation rates. If our internally derived
B-band luminosity function is replaced by one from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey
blue sequence, the star formation rate densities are approx. 60% of the above
values. We also calculate the contribution to the total star formation rate
density from galaxies of different luminosities and Hubble T-types. The largest
contribution comes from bright galaxies with B absolute mag of approx. -20 mag,
and the total contribution from galaxies fainter than -15.5 mag is less than
10%. Almost 60% of the star formation rate density comes from galaxies of types
Sb, Sbc or Sc; 9% from galaxies earlier than Sb and 33% from galaxies later
than Sc. Finally, 75 - 80% of the total star formation in the local Universe is
shown to be occurring in disk regions, defined as being >1 kpc from the centres
of galaxies.Comment: 12 pages, accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic
Galactic Extinction from Colors and Counts of Field Galaxies in WFPC2 Frames: An Application to GRB 970228
We develop the ``simulated extinction method'' to measure average foreground
Galactic extinction from field galaxy number-counts and colors. The method
comprises simulating extinction in suitable reference fields by changing the
isophotal detection limit. This procedure takes into account selection effects,
in particular, the change in isophotal detection limit (and hence in isophotal
magnitude completeness limit) with extinction, and the galaxy color--magnitude
relation.
We present a first application of the method to the HST WFPC2 images of the
gamma-ray burster GRB 970228. Four different WFPC2 high-latitude fields,
including the HDF, are used as reference to measure the average extinction
towards the GRB in the F606W passband. From the counts, we derive an average
extinction of A_V = 0.5 mag, but the dispersion of 0.4 mag between the
estimates from the different reference fields is significantly larger than can
be accounted by Poisson plus clustering uncertainties. Although the counts
differ, the average colors of the field galaxies agree well. The extinction
implied by the average color difference between the GRB field and the reference
galaxies is A_V = 0.6 mag, with a dispersion in the estimated extinction from
the four reference fields of only 0.1 mag. All our estimates are in good
agreement with the value of 0.81\pm0.27 mag obtained by Burstein & Heiles, and
with the extinction of 0.78\pm0.12 measured by Schlegel et al. from maps of
dust IR emission. However, the discrepancy between the widely varying counts
and the very stable colors in these high-latitude fields is worth
investigating.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figures; submitted to the Astrophysical Journa
An inner ring and the micro lensing toward the Bulge
All current Bulge-Disk models for the inner Galaxy fall short of reproducing
self-consistently the observed micro-lensing optical depth by a factor of two
(). We show that the least mass-consuming way to increase the
optical depth is to add density roughly half-way the observer and the highest
micro-lensing-source density. We present evidence for the existence of such a
density structure in the Galaxy: an inner ring, a standard feature of barred
galaxies. Judging from data on similar rings in external galaxies, an inner
ring can contribute more than 50% of a pure Bulge-Disk model to the
micro-lensing optical depth. We may thus eliminate the need for a small viewing
angle of the Bar. The influence of an inner ring on the event-duration
distribution, for realistic viewing angles, would be to increase the fraction
of long-duration events toward Baade's window. The longest events are expected
toward the negative-longitude tangent point at -22\degr . A properly
sampled event-duration distribution toward this tangent point would provide
essential information about viewing angle and elongation of the over-all
density distribution in the inner Galaxy.Comment: 9 pages, 7(15) figs, LaTeX, AJ (accepted
Microwave Spectroscopy
Contains reports on four research projects.United States Army Signal Corps (Contract DA36-039-sc-87376)Lincoln Laboratory (Purchase Order DDL B-00368)United States ArmyUnited States NavyUnited States Air Force (Contract AF19(604)-7400
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The formation of gullies on Mars today
A decade of high-resolution monitoring has revealed extensive activity in fresh Martian gullies. Flows within the gullies are diverse: they can be relatively light, neutral or dark, colourful or bland, and range from superficial deposits to 10 m-scale topographic changes. We observed erosion and transport of material within gullies, new terraces, freshly eroded channel segments, migrating sinuous curves, channel abandonment, and lobate deposits. We also observed early stages of gully initiation, demonstrating that these processes are not merely modifying pre-existing land-forms. The timing of activity closely correlates with the presence of seasonal CO2 frost, so the current changes must be part of ongoing gully formation that is driven largely by its presence. We suggest that the cumulative effect of many flows erodes alcoves and channels, and builds lobate aprons, with no involvement of liquid water. Instead, flows may be fluidized by sublimation of entrained CO2 ice or other mechanisms. The frequent activity is likely to have erased any features dating from high-obliquity periods, so fresh gully geomorphology at middle and high latitudes is not evidence for past liquid water. CO2 ice-driven processes may have been important throughout Martian geological history and their deposits could exist in the rock record, perhaps resembling debris-flow sediments.Mars Data Analysis Program [NNH13AV85I]; Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter HiRISE project12 month embargo; published 27 November 2017This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]
Using binary stars to bound the mass of the graviton
Interacting white dwarf binary star systems, including helium cataclysmic
variable (HeCV) systems, are expected to be strong sources of gravitational
radiation, and should be detectable by proposed space-based laser
interferometer gravitational wave observatories such as LISA. Several HeCV star
systems are presently known and can be studied optically, which will allow
electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations to be correlated.
Comparisons of the phases of a gravitational wave signal and the orbital light
curve from an interacting binary white dwarf star system can be used to bound
the mass of the graviton. Observations of typical HeCV systems by LISA could
potentially yield an upper bound on the inverse mass of the graviton as strong
as km (
eV), more than two orders of magnitude better than present solar system derived
bounds.Comment: 21 pages plus 4 figures; ReVTe
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