The Role of Intranatal Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis of Birth Injury

Rational management of labor refers to the most significant areas of practical obstetrics, since errors in predicting the outcome of labor through the birth canal often lead to the development of birth injury to the mother and fetus. Modern research methods and rational management of childbirth have led to a decrease in perinatal mortality. However, despite these achievements, the incidence of birth injury and subsequent disability of newborns is still at a level that is not acceptable for the XXI century.The purpose of the research was to study the structure and outcome of the generic injury of the fetus.Materials: Literature of foreign and domestic authors within the period from 2003 to 2018.Methods: Systematic analysis and synthesis of literary data.Conclusion: Despite the decline in perinatal mortality, the problem of disability of children, as well as violations of the quality of life due to birth trauma, remains relevant. This requires further study, the introduction of new diagnostic and clinical and prognostic technologies aimed at reducing birth injuries. Prevention of birth injury should be based on timely prenatal diagnosis of fetal macrosomia, determination of the optimal method of delivery, exclusion of iatrogenic factors of aggression during birth through the birth canal

Vertical Delivery as a Method of Prevention of Obstetric and Perinatal Complications

Currently, there are many points of view on management of physiological labor, in particular, it concerns the intrapartum position of a woman. Tactics of modern obstetrics should ensure the safety of motherhood, which in future ensures the prosperity of the state. One of the alternative methods of delivery is the vertical position of a woman in the intrapartum period. It is impossible to describe the whole range of possible positions of a woman in the intrapartum period, the common ones being: lying position (lateral, reclining, lithotomy, Trendelenburg’s, etc.) or upright position (sitting, using a chair for childbirth, standing, squatting, standing on the knees, etc.). Opinions about how the vertical position of a mother in the intrapartum period affects the outcome of childbirth are quite ambiguous. The conclusions of various authors on that matter often contradict each other.The aim of the research was to study the role of vertical delivery in reducing the frequency of obstetric and perinatal complications.Materials: publications of foreign and domestic authors within the period from 1989 to 2017.Methods: systematic analysis and synthesis of literature data.Conclusion: Despite a significant number of studies, it is not possible to determine the universality of the vertical position in childbirth, therefore, the selection of patients for the management of vertical childbirth should be approached carefully. In the presence of pregnancy complications, preference should be given to the classic version of the position in childbirth. In women who have a low risk of perinatal complications, an upright position can be a worthy alternative. To prevent the development of bleeding in the III stage of labor and the early postpartum period, a woman should take a horizontal position after the birth of the fetus. This condition must also be observed when examining the birth canal. Thus, the rational tactics of conducting childbirth is to determine the optimal combination of vertical and horizontal positions at different periods of the childbirth process, taking into account the convenience for the woman in labor

Antagonistic actinobacteria screening for biocontrol against phytopathogenic micromycetes of potato plant

The present study was focused on isolation and estimation of antagonistic properties of soil actinobacteria against phytopathogenic micromycetes causing diseases of potato plants. It was shown that one of 13 isolated actinobacteria significantly inhibited growth of phytopathogenic fungi of Fusarium genus. The results obtained allow us to consider the active actinobacterial isolate as a perspective agent for biological control of plant fungal diseases.Работа выполнена за счет средств субсидии, выделенной КФУ для выполнения государственного задания в сфере научной деятельности (проект 14–83)

Реалізація принципів таксономії Блума у виборі навчальних цілей в навчанні фонетики англійської мови

Мочалова, Н. С. Реалізація принципів таксономії Блума у виборі навчальних цілей в навчанні фонетики англійської мови = Realising Bloom’s taxonomy principles in choosing learning objectives for teaching English phonetics / Н. С. Мочалова, Д. Є. Мочалов // Гуманіт. вісн. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2021. – Вип. 13. – С. 63–68.Навчання фонетики становить труднощі з ряду причин як для студента, так і для викладача, однак використання технологій та автентичних матеріалів може допомогти зняти ці труднощі. Падагогічне колесо містить базові принципи відбору цілей та видів діяльності для їх досягнення у навчанні фонетики. У статті представлено короткий огляд принципів переглянутої таксономії Блума для мисленнєвих навичок нижчого порядку (запам’ятовування, розуміння, застосування) та надано приклади завдань для вивчення фонетики на кожному з них.Teaching phonetics can be challenging due to numerous reasons both on the teacher’s and the student’s side. It can be neglected both in terms of methods and research, and using technology is the least researched of them. Padagogy Wheel can offer key principles for choosing the type of activities leading to practicing various phonetic aspects in speech. Reproductive and productive skills of phonetics require a lot of drilling, which can be boring for students and challenging for teachers, but using technology and authentic materials in the classroom can brisk such activities and help students learn

Application of digital technologies to increase the economic efficiency of agribusiness in Russia

This paper identifies the problems of development of the agricultural sector at the present stage. The ways of increasing the efficiency of agribusiness based on the use of digital technologies are also proposed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of development of individual sectors of agriculture at the regional level before the use of digital technologies and afte

Frequency of D222G and Q223R Hemagglutinin Mutants of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus in Japan between 2009 and 2010

BACKGROUND: In April 2009, a novel swine-derived influenza A virus (H1N1pdm) emerged and rapidly spread around the world, including Japan. It has been suggested that the virus can bind to both 2,3- and 2,6-linked sialic acid receptors in infected mammals, in contrast to contemporary seasonal H1N1 viruses, which have a predilection for 2,6-linked sialic acid. METHODS/RESULTS: To elucidate the existence and transmissibility of α2,3 sialic acid-specific viruses in H1N1pdm, amino acid substitutions within viral hemagglutinin molecules were investigated, especially D187E, D222G, and Q223R, which are related to a shift from human to avian receptor specificity. Samples from individuals infected during the first and second waves of the outbreak in Japan were examined using a high-throughput sequencing approach. In May 2009, three specimens from mild cases showed D222G and/or Q223R substitutions in a minor subpopulation of viruses infecting these individuals. However, the substitutions almost disappeared in the samples from five mild cases in December 2010. The D187E substitution was not widespread in specimens, even in May 2009. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that α2,3 sialic acid-specific viruses, including G222 and R223, existed in humans as a minor population in the early phase of the pandemic, and that D222 and Q223 became more dominant through human-to-human transmission during the first and second waves of the epidemic. These results are consistent with the low substitution rates identified in seasonal H1N1 viruses in 2008

Применение нового нутрицевтика для улучшения переносимости адъювантной химиотерапии

Introduction. Treatment of malignant neoplasms often requires adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT). In real-life clinical practice, a high proportion of patients develop serious toxicities of anticancer therapy. Thus, the need to reduce treatment toxicity while maintaining the same dose levels of chemotherapeutic agents is a pressing challenge in oncology. This article presents the results of the study assessing the effects of the complex nutraceutical Oncoxin on ACT tolerability.Materials and methods. The study included 133 patients aged 50 to 70 years with stage IIB — IIIC gastric cancer or stage IIB — IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer; 84 patients received Oncoxin, and 49 were in the control group.Results. The study revealed that after two weeks, patients receiving Oncocoxin had a twice higher chance of significant (obvious) improvement in their quality of life (ESAS questionnaire) compared to the control group: OR 2.07 [95% CI 1.00-4.29]. By the end of the follow-up period (3 weeks), patients receiving Oncoxin had a significantly higher albumin level compared to the control group (38.1 [95% CI 37.1-39.1] g/L and 35.5 [95% CI 33.9-37.0], р =0.03, respectively). Moreover, the use of Oncoxin allowed significant reducing ACT-related liver toxicity.Conclusions. This study conducted within our current clinical practice showed for the first time a high efficacy of Oncoxin in improving the quality of life of patients and reducing ACT toxicity.Введение. Лечение злокачественных новообразований часто требует применения адъювантной химиотерапии (АХТ). В реальной клинической практике доля пациентов, имеющих серьёзные проявления токсичности противоопухолевого лечения, достаточно высока. Таким образом, необходимость снижения токсичности терапии и сохранение интенсивности дозы химиопрепаратов являются актуальной задачей онкологии. Данная статья посвящена результатам исследования влияния многокомпонентного нутрицевтика Онкоксин на переносимость АХТ.Материалы и методы. В исследование было включено 133 больных раком желудка МВ-ШС или немелкоклеточным раком лёгких ПВ-ША в возрасте 50- 70 лет; 84 получали Онкоксин, 49 составили контрольную группу.Результаты. Было установлено, что через две недели шансы больных, получавших Онкоксин, на значимое (безусловное) улучшение качества жизни (вопросник ESAS) были в два раза выше в сравнении с группой контроля: ОШ = 2,07 [95% ДИ 1,00- 4,29]. К окончанию периода наблюдения (3 недели) в группе пациентов, использовавших Онкоксин, уровень альбумина был значительно выше в сравнении с контрольной группой (38,1 [95% ДИ 37,1- 39,1] г /л и 35,5 [95% ДИ 33,9-37,0], р = 0,03, соответственно). Кроме этого, применение Онкоксина позволило существенно снизить печёночную токсичность АХТ.Выводы. Данное исследование, проведённое в рамках существующей клинической практики, впервые показало высокую эффективность Онкоксина в улучшении качества жизни пациентов и снижении токсичности АХТ

Practical tasks in linguoculturestudying as a part of intercultural competence development

Мочалова, Н. С. Практичні завдання з лінгвокультурології як складова розвитку міжкультурної компетенції = Practical tasks in linguoculturestudying as a part of intercultural competence development / Н. С. Мочалова // Гуманіт. вісн. НУК. – Миколаїв : НУК, 2013. – Вип. 6. – С. 108–109.Проаналізовано мовний матеріал, використовуваний в навчанні англійської мови з метою формування міжкультурної компетенції. Запропоновано практичні завдання для аналізу мовних одиниць у процесі вивчення лінгвокультурології та формування міжкультурної компетенції на заняттях з англійської мовиThe article touches upon the process of intercultural competence developing and analyses the material used in teaching English aimed at intercultural competence development. Several practical tasks for working with language material while studying linguoculturestudyingand working on intercultural competence developing at English-language lessons are suggested