શુદ્ધાદ્વૈત તત્વમીમાંસામાં બ્રહ્મનો ખ્યાલ : એક અધ્યયન

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A STUDY ON DIFFERENT PELLET FORMATION TECHNIQUES AND ITS EVALUATION PARAMETERS-A REVIEW

This review article deals with the various pelletization techniques utilized in the pharmaceutical industry for spheroidal particle production i.e., pellet for mainly oral administration which can be further formulated into several other dosage forms such as tablets, capsules or can be administered as such. Now-a-days oral administration has become the most versatile, convenient and common route of drug administration which ultimately focuses on patient compliance. The technique which is setting horizon in pelletization is “Extrusion Spheronization” because of its simple and easy steps involved in pellet production in a faster way. This review also includes the characterization and evaluation of pellets to ensure its quality, safety and efficacy to give out the required therapeutic activity after administration

Chromium stress in Brassica juncea L. cv. 'Pusa Jai Kissan' under hydroponic culture

Chromium (Cr) entering plant tissue inhibits most physiological processes at all levels of metabolism including inhibition of growth, photosynthesis and nitrate assimilation. Since Cr exists in many forms, its toxicity to plants depends on its valence state, with Cr (VI) found to be highly toxic and mobile than Cr (III). Different concentrations of Cr (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) in the form of K2Cr2O7 was added to 30 days old Brassica juncea plant and harvested on the 3rd and 5th days after treatment for estimation of plant growth, chlorophyll, total soluble protein, free amino acids and nitrate reductase activity. Cr was found to cause deleterious effects on whole plant growth. The potential of plants with the capacity to accumulate or to stabilize Cr compounds for bioremediation of Cr contamination has gained interest in recent years. The biochemical aspects like photosynthetic pigments (Chl a and Chl b), total protein and amino acids content decreased with Cr concentration. A significant increase in nitrate reductase activity was observed corresponding to Cr concentration.Key words: Brassica juncea, chromium, heavy metal, phytoremediation

Effect of Microcredit on Handloom Weavers of Grameen-Check Producers of Sirajganj District of Bangladesh: A Case Study in Six Selected Villagesï€

Handloom industry of Bangladesh is having wonderful past, debatable present and hazy future due to a lot of internal and external specter factors that are acting behind the sight. In this paper, we have identified those leading factors. The repayment behaviour of individuals suggests that the loans were properly used and that investment in handloom activities is profitable in the study area. It was found that the difference in previous financial conditions and financial conditions used after credit was statistically significant at the 0.001 level. It was also reported that taken credit was not sufficient at all for handloom weavers of the study areas. In our study area has 80.27 percent dependency ratio where as the national rural dependency ratio was 74.2%. Handloom weavers’ facing threats of destruction due to lack of Govt. patronage, shortage of funds abnormal price hike of yarn. Keywords: Microcredit, Grameen-check, Dependency ratio, Least significance difference and statistical inference 1Department of Agricultural Statistics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 2Agricultural Economics, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 3Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; 4Individual Researcher, Dhaka, Bangladesh Please Cite This Article As:N. M. Rahmatullah, Rokeya Begum, Kamrun Nahar and Rehana Sultana. 2010. Effect of Microcredit on Handloom Weavers of Grameen-Check Producers of Sirajganj District of Bangladesh: A Case Study in Six Selected Villages. J. Exp. Sci. 1(4):21-26. Â

Effect of sunlight and artificial light on micropropagation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets

Fluorescent lamps (artificial light) and sunlight were used as lighting source in present study to identify feasibility of using sunlight in plant tissue culture laboratory. In vitro regenerated nodal segments of the cardinal variety of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) were inoculated in MS medium without any growth regulator for shoot and root development. After 30 days of culture in an average temperature at 21.94±0.21°C, relative humidity 39.35±0.75%, various morphological responses i.e. plantlet height, diameter of plantlet, number of nodes per plantlet, inter node distance, number of leaves per plantlet, fresh and dry weight of plantlets , number of root, length of root, growth rate etc. were recorded. The average light intensity at sunlight and artificial treatment was observed at 4805.5±326.54 lux and 3484±84.44 lux, respectively. All the growth factors performed better result in sunlight treatment than those of artificial one except average number of nodes and leaves. The average height of plantlet at sunlight was 53.33±3.32 mm which was greater than that of artificial light 51.67±2.15 mm. Fresh weight and dry weight are two important morphological factors for plantlet and in case of fresh weight that was always greater 0.49±0.097 in sunlighted plantlet and 0.21±0.026 in artificial one.  In case of dry weight the average weight 0.08±0.016 was greater in sunlighted plantlet than that of 0.03±0.004 in artificial one. Number of roots, root length and growth rate of the plantlets observed higher in sunlighted plantlets compared to artificial light. Moreover, the sunlighted plantlets were healthier, vigorous and strong which helped plants to establish in net house easily. Considering the cost of electricity consumption, from a laboratory area of 20.47 m2 BD Taka 63% could be saved in each month by using sunlight. As low cost options of energy saving in tissue culture laboratory using sunlight would be feasible and environmentally friendly technology for commercial point of view in Bangladesh

Evidence Favoring a Positive Feedback Loop for Physiologic Auto Upregulation of hnRNP-E1 during Prolonged Folate Deficiency in Human Placental Cells

Background: Previously, we determined that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (hnRNP-E1) functions as an intracellular physiologic sensor of folate deficiency. In this model, l-homocysteine, which accumulates intracellularly in proportion to the extent of folate deficiency, covalently binds to and thereby activates homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 to interact with folate receptor-α mRNA; this high-affinity interaction triggers the translational upregulation of cell surface folate receptors, which enables cells to optimize folate uptake from the external milieu. However, integral to this model is the need for ongoing generation of hnRNP-E1 to replenish homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 that is degraded.Objective: We searched for an interrelated physiologic mechanism that could also maintain the steady-state concentration of hnRNP-E1 during prolonged folate deficiency.Methods: A novel RNA-protein interaction was functionally characterized by using molecular and biochemical approaches in vitro and in vivo.Results: l-homocysteine triggered a dose-dependent high-affinity interaction between hnRNP-E1 and a 25-nucleotide cis element within the 5'-untranslated region of hnRNP-E1 mRNA; this led to a proportionate increase in these RNA-protein complexes, and translation of hnRNP-E1 both in vitro and within placental cells. Targeted perturbation of this RNA-protein interaction either by specific 25-nucleotide antisense oligonucleotides or mutation within this cis element or by small interfering RNA to hnRNP-E1 mRNA significantly reduced cellular biosynthesis of hnRNP-E1. Conversely, transfection of hnRNP-E1 mutant proteins that mimicked homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1 stimulated both cellular hnRNP-E1 and folate receptor biosynthesis. In addition, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate [iron(II)], which also binds hnRNP-E1, significantly perturbed this l-homocysteine-triggered RNA-protein interaction in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, folate deficiency induced dual upregulation of hnRNP-E1 and folate receptors in cultured human cells and tumor xenografts, and more selectively in various fetal tissues of folate-deficient dams.Conclusions: This novel positive feedback loop amplifies hnRNP-E1 during prolonged folate deficiency and thereby maximizes upregulation of folate receptors in order to restore folate homeostasis toward normalcy in placental cells. It will also functionally impact several other mRNAs of the nutrition-sensitive, folate-responsive posttranscriptional RNA operon that is orchestrated by homocysteinylated hnRNP-E1

Engineering provitamin A synthesis pathway with β-carotene metabolism in rice endosperm of a restorer line BR827R

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious public health problem in South Asia particularly in Bangladesh. Indica rice as a major staple in the country completely lacks vitamin A or compounds with provitamin A activity after milling. A combination of transgenes has been introduced enabling biosynthesis of provitamin A in the endosperm of a restorer line using biolistic system of transformation. The rice seed-specific glutelin promoter (Gt-1 P) was used to drive the expression of phytone synthase (psy), while lycopene b-cyclase (lcy) and phytoenedesaturase (crtI), fused to the transit peptide sequence of the pea-Rubisco small subunit, were driven by the constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (CaMV35s P). Transgenic plants were recovered through selection with CaMV35sP driven hph (hygromycinphosphotransferase) gene. Molecular analysis demonstrated stable integration and expression of the transgenes. The variable segregation pattern in T1 generation indicated single to multiple insertions of the transgenes in the genome. This is the first report of the development of a transgenic restorer line with carotenogenic pathway into the endosperm for use of hybrid rice improvement

Cytotoxicity models of Huntington's disease and relevance of hormetic mechanisms: A critical assessment of experimental approaches and strategies.

Abstract This paper assesses in vivo cytotoxicity models of Huntington's disease (HD). Nearly 150 agents were found to be moderately to highly effective in mitigating the pathological sequelae of cytotoxic induction of HD features in multiple rodent models. Typically, rodents are treated with a prospective HD-protective agent before, during, or after the application of a chemical or transgenic process for inducing histopathological and behavioral symptoms of HD. Although transgenic and knockout rodent models (1) display relatively high construct and face validity, and (2) are ever more routinely employed to mimic genetic-to-phenotypic expression of HD features, toxicant models are also often employed, and have served as valuable test beds for the elucidation of biochemical processes and discovery of therapeutic targets in HD. Literature searches of the toxicant HD rodent models yielded nearly 150 agents that were moderately to highly effective in mitigating pathological sequelae in multiple mouse and rat HD models. Experimental models, study designs, and exposure protocols (e.g., pre- and post-conditioning) used in testing these agents were assessed, including dosing strategies, endpoints, and dose-response features. Hormetic-like biphasic dose responses, chemoprotective mechanisms, and the translational relevance of the preclinical studies and their therapeutic implications are critically analyzed in the present report. Notably, not one of the 150 agents that successfully delayed onset and progression of HD in the experimental models has been successfully translated to the treatment of humans in a clinical setting. Potential reasons for these translational failures are (1) the inadequacy of dose-response analyses and subsequent lack of useful dosing data; (2) effective rodent doses that are too high for safe human application; (3) key differences between the experimental models and humans in pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic features, ages and routes of agent administration; (4) lack of robust pharmacokinetic, mechanistic or systematic approaches to probe novel treatment strategies; and (5) inadequacies of the chemically induced HD model in rats to mimic accurately the complex genetic and developmental origin and progression of HD in humans. These deficiencies need to be urgently addressed if pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of HD are going to be successfully developed in experimental models and translated with fidelity to the clinic