Истина и судебная аргументация в романе Ф. М. Достоевского "Братья Карамазовы"

We examine the reasons of the judicial error in the Dmitry Karamazov case depicted by Fyodor Dostoevsky in The Karamazov Brothers and argue that the truth can and should be established in both of the process types, adversary and investigative, and that the three con-ceptions of truth, referential, inferential and pragmatic, play an evaluative role in that. The Dmitry Karamazov case shows that the formal view of the truth suffices for deciding a case, but it cannot prevent judicial errors when the epistemological ideal of the material truth falls into oblivion

Virtual museum as a new model of communicative culture and museum pedagogy prospects

Introduction. The problems of virtual museums functioning in the socio-cultural sphere are an object of study in humanitarian interdisciplinary fields. Different approaches to such phenomenon as “the virtual museum” are due to the fact that it is continually modified, complicating the development of a theoretical concept, which makes this issue especially relevant. The purpose of the article is to consider the virtual museum as a new model of communicative culture in the context of museum pedagogy prospects. Materials and methods. The materials and methods of the research are based on the analysis of virtualisation processes applied to the modern museum space as a new model of communicative culture. The methodological basis is represented by the theory of museum communication, the theory of representation of cultural memory (“memory studies”) as well as methodological aspects of museum pedagogy as a topical socio-cultural practice. The research is based on the classical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalisation) and the use of cultural-historical, competence- and activity-based approaches. Results. The growing popularity of the museum in the digital era, according to the authors, is connected with the modification of the museum space and transformation of museum functions as a new model of communicative culture. Owing to network technologies, a number of new museum communications have emerged. The museum has turned from a depository and display of artefacts of the past into an open interactive space engaging visitors in a dialogue and interaction, which actualises the use of virtual museum resources in the educational process of schools and universities. The processes of transformation of the museum as a social institution and a new model of communicative culture in the conditions of digitalisation are in the research field of representatives of various humanities (Russian and foreign). This makes it possible to hold an interdisciplinary discussion based on the new communicative functions of the museum and to determine the real prospects of museum pedagogy. Conclusion. The study helps to identify the further ways of exploring the virtual museum as a new model of communicative culture and the specifics of its impact on further development of museum pedagogy as an important structure of media education, i.e. the teaching and educational process at schools and universities in the digital age. © 2023 LLC Ecological Help. All rights reserved

DYNAMICS OF ORGANIC MATTER UNDER THE AFFORESTATION OF THE FORMER AGRICULTURAL SOD-PODZOLIC SOILS

The dynamics of the organic matter of the chronosequence of sod-podzolic soils in the process of reforestation has been investigated using the granulo-densitometric fractionation.The objects of research were sod-podzolic soils of the chronosequence of abandoned areas, including the main stages of the development of secondary succession: from overgrowing by grass vegetation to zonal spruce forests of the specially protected natural territory of the Central Forest State Natural Biosphere Reserve. In the first 20–25 years after the reduction of agrocenosis, degradation changes of the humus state of sod-podzolic soils were observed, due to the lack of agrotechnological treatments and the lack of fresh organic matter (OM) of cultivated plants. It is shown that only after 50 years functioning in the reservoir regime, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of organic matter of sod-podzolic soils begin to approach those of spruce forests of different species composition over 100 years old. This is manifested in an increase in the amount of discrete OM, the level of carbon accumulation of this fraction of OM in the soil and the value of its share in the total carbon accumulation in the soil

Structural and magnetic properties of the (001) and (111) surfaces of the half-metal NiMnSb

Using the full potential linearised augmented planewave method we study the electronic and magnetic properties of the (001) and (111) surfaces of the half-metallic Heusler alloy NiMnSb from first-principles. We take into account all possible surface terminations including relaxations of these surfaces. Special attention is paid to the spin-polarization at the Fermi level which governs the spin-injection from such a metal into a semiconductor. In general, these surfaces lose the half-metallic character of the bulk NiMnSb, but for the (111) surfaces this loss is more pronounced. Although structural optimization does not change these features qualitatively, specifically for the (111) surfaces relaxations can compensate much of the spin-polarization at the Fermi surface that has been lost upon formation of the surface.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure

Surface Properties of the Half- and Full-Heusler Alloys

Using a full-potential \textit{ab-initio} technique I study the electronic and magnetic properties of the (001) surfaces of the half-Heusler alloys, NiMnSb, CoMnSb and PtMnSb and of the full-Heusler alloys Co$_2$MnGe, Co$_2$MnSi and Co$_2$CrAl. The MnSb terminated surfaces of the half-Heusler compounds present properties similar to the bulk compounds and, although the half-metallicity is lost, an important spin-polarisation at the Fermi level. In contrast to this the Ni terminated surface shows an almost zero net spin-polarisation. While the bulk Co$_2$MnGe and Co$_2$MnSi are almost half-ferromagnetic, their surfaces lose the half-metallic character and the net spin-polarisation at the Fermi level is close to zero. Contrary to these compounds the CrAl terminated (001) surface of Co$_2$CrAl shows a spin polarisation of about 84%.Comment: 14 pages, 6 figure

The soft and the hard pomerons in hadron elastic scattering at small t

We consider simple-pole descriptions of soft elastic scattering for pp, pbar p, pi+ p, pi- p, K+ p and K- p. We work at t and s small enough for rescatterings to be neglected, and allow for the presence of a hard pomeron. After building and discussing an exhaustive dataset, we show that simple poles provide an excellent description of the data in the region - 0.5 GeV^2 < t < -0.1 GeV^2, 6 GeV<sqrt(s)< 63 GeV. We show that new form factors have to be used, and get information on the trajectories of the soft and hard pomerons.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figures, LaTeX. A few typos fixed, and references correcte

On the issue of realization of the right to education by children who cannot attend educational organizations for health reasons

The article deals with the problem of exercising the constitutional right to education for children who are unable to attend educational organizations for health reasons. The authors analyze the provisions of the current legislation, the practice of law enforcement. The authors conclude that there is a need for additional measures to protect the interests of minors.В статье рассматривается проблема реализации конституционного права на образование детьми, которые по состоянию здоровья не могут посещать образовательные организации. Авторы анализируют положения действующего законодательства, практику правоприменения. Авторы приходят к выводу: существует необходимость в дополнительных мерах защиты интересов несовершеннолетних граждан

Introduction to half-metallic Heusler alloys: Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties

Intermetallic Heusler alloys are amongst the most attractive half-metallic systems due to the high Curie temperatures and the structural similarity to the binary semiconductors. In this review we present an overview of the basic electronic and magnetic properties of both Heusler families: the so-called half-Heusler alloys like NiMnSb and the the full-Heusler alloys like Co$_2$MnGe. \textit{Ab-initio} results suggest that both the electronic and magnetic properties in these compounds are intrinsically related to the appearance of the minority-spin gap. The total spin magnetic moment $M_t$ scales linearly with the number of the valence electrons $Z_t$, such that $M_t=Z_t-24$ for the full-Heusler and $M_t=Z_t-18$ for the half-Heusler alloys, thus opening the way to engineer new half-metallic alloys with the desired magnetic properties.Comment: 28 pages, submitted for a special issue of 'Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics' on Heusler alloy

Slater-Pauling Behavior of the Half-Ferromagnetic Full-Heusler Alloys

Using the full-potential screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method we study the full-Heusler alloys based on Co, Fe, Rh and Ru. We show that many of these compounds show a half-metallic behavior, however in contrast to the half-Heusler alloys the energy gap in the minority band is extremely small. These full-Heusler compounds show a Slater-Pauling behavior and the total spin-magnetic moment per unit cell (M_t) scales with the total number of valence electrons (Z_t) following the rule: M_t=Z_t-24. We explain why the spin-down band contains exactly 12 electrons using arguments based on the group theory and show that this rule holds also for compounds with less than 24 valence electrons. Finally we discuss the deviations from this rule and the differences compared to the half-Heusler alloys.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, revised figure 3, new text adde

Origin and Properties of the Gap in the Half-Ferromagnetic Heusler Alloys

We study the origin of the gap and the role of chemical composition in the half-ferromagnetic Heusler alloys using the full-potential screened KKR method. In the paramagnetic phase the C1_b compounds, like NiMnSb, present a gap. Systems with 18 valence electrons, Z_t, per unit cell, like CoTiSb, are semiconductors, but when Z_t > 18 antibonding states are also populated, thus the paramagnetic phase becomes unstable and the half-ferromagnetic one is stabilized. The minority occupied bands accommodate a total of nine electrons and the total magnetic moment per unit cell in mu_B is just the difference between Z_t and $2 \times 9$. While the substitution of the transition metal atoms may preserve the half-ferromagnetic character, substituting the $sp$ atom results in a practically rigid shift of the bands and the loss of half-metallicity. Finally we show that expanding or contracting the lattice parameter by 2% preserves the minority-spin gap.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures New figures, revised tex