Influencia da cobertura vegetal morta na reducao da velocidade da enxurrada e na distribuicao de tamanho dos sedimentos transportados.

O efeito da porcentagem de cobertura do solo com residuos culturais na reducao da velocidade do escoamennto superficial da agua e distribuicao de tamanho dos sedimentos erodidos, foi avaliado em condicoes de chuva simulada, na Estacao Experimental Agronomica da UFRGS, em Guaiba (RS). A area utilizada para o estudo encontra-se em solo franco-arenoso (Podzolico Vermelho-Amarelo distrofico abrupto petroferrico), com 7,5% de declividade. Os tratamentos principais consistiram em residuos culturais de milho, trigo e soja, espalhados uniformemente sobre superficie de solo preparada convencionalmente, em percentagens de cobertura do solo de 0 a 100% Independente do tipo de residuo cultural utilizado, o aumento na percentagem de cobertura do solo diminuiu acentuadamente a velocidade do escoamento superficial da agua, com a resteva de trigo mostrando-se mais eficaz. A percentagem de sedimentos de maior tamanho transportados na enxurrada e os valores do indice D50 diminuiram com o aumento da percentagem de cobertura do solo em todos os tipos de residuos culturais estudados, e cresceram com o aumento da velocidade do escoamento superficial da agua

MAVS: Experiencia en el HIGA San Martín año 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra casuística de malformaciónes arteriovenosas (MAV) cerebrales tratadas durante el año 2014 analizando su clasificación según escala de Spetzler-Martin (S-M) y la escala suplementaria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Vellozia flavicans Mart. ex Schult. hydroalcoholic extract inhibits the neuromuscular blockade induced by Bothrops jararacussu venom

FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOBackground: Snakebite is a significant public health issue in tropical countries. In Brazil, some of the most common snake envenomations are from Bothrops. Bothrops bites trigger local and systemic effects including edema, pain, erythema, cyanosis, infections, and necrosis. Vellozia flavicans is a plant from the Brazilian " cerrado" (savanna) that is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Since inflammation develops quickly after Bothrops bites, which can lead to infection, the aim of the present study was to observe possible anti-snake venom and antimicrobial activities of V. flavicans (Vf). Methods: The chromatographic profile of the main constituents from the Vf leaf hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-snake venom activity was measured by Vf's ability to neutralize the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) in a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm model (PND). After a 20 min incubation, preparations of PND were added to Tyrode's solution (control); Vf (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL); 40 μg/mL Bjssu; pre-incubation for 30 min with Bjssu and 1 mg/mL Vf; and a Bjssu pretreated preparation (for 10 min) followed by 1 mg/mL Vf. Myographic recording was performed, and the contractile responses were recorded. The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) was obtained for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, using gentamicin and vancomycin as positive controls. Results: TLC analysis yielded several compounds from Vf, such as flavonoids (quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid). Bjssu completely blocked the contractile responses of PND preparations, while Vf preserved 97% (±10%) of the contractile responses when incubated with Bjssu. In the PND pretreated with Bjssu, Vf was able to inhibit the neuromuscular blockade progress. MIC and MBC of Vf ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains, while no antimicrobial activity was observed for E. coli and E. faecalis.Conclusions: The hydroalcoholic extract from Vf leaves was able to neutralize and decrease the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bjssu. However, it did not show significant antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. © 2014 Tribuiani et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.Snakebite is a significant public health issue in tropical countries. In Brazil, some of the most common snake envenomations are from Bothrops. Bothrops bites trigger local and systemic effects including edema, pain, erythema, cyanosis, infections, and necrosis. Vellozia flavicans is a plant from the Brazilian "cerrado" (savanna) that is popularly used as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Since inflammation develops quickly after Bothrops bites, which can lead to infection, the aim of the present study was to observe possible anti-snake venom and antimicrobial activities of V. flavicans (Vf). The chromatographic profile of the main constituents from the Vf leaf hydroalcoholic extract was obtained by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The anti-snake venom activity was measured by Vf's ability to neutralize the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bothrops jararacussu venom (Bjssu) in a mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm model (PND). After a 20 min incubation, preparations of PND were added to Tyrode's solution (control); Vf (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL); 40 μg/mL Bjssu; pre-incubation for 30 min with Bjssu and 1 mg/mL Vf; and a Bjssu pretreated preparation (for 10 min) followed by 1 mg/mL Vf. Myographic recording was performed, and the contractile responses were recorded. The antimicrobial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] and minimum bactericidal concentration [MBC]) was obtained for Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, using gentamicin and vancomycin as positive controls. TLC analysis yielded several compounds from Vf, such as flavonoids (quercetin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid). Bjssu completely blocked the contractile responses of PND preparations, while Vf preserved 97% (±10%) of the contractile responses when incubated with Bjssu. In the PND pretreated with Bjssu, Vf was able to inhibit the neuromuscular blockade progress. MIC and MBC of Vf ranged from 2.5 to 5.0 mg/mL for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus strains, while no antimicrobial activity was observed for E. coli and E. faecalis. The hydroalcoholic extract from Vf leaves was able to neutralize and decrease the in vitro neuromuscular blockade caused by Bjssu. However, it did not show significant antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria14FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOFAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO2004/09705-8; 2007/53883-6; 2008/52643-4; 2008/11005-5; 2012/08271-0Neglected tropical diseases: Snakebite, , http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/animal_sera/Rabies.pdf?ua=1, WHO - World Health Organization(2009) Textos Básicos de Saúde (Cadernos de Atenção Básican. 22), , Health surveillance:zoonoses, Brasil. Ministério da SaúdeTeixeira, R., Forma grave do acidente por ofídios da sub-família Crotalinae (1979) An Acad Med Bahia, 2, pp. 109-135Vellard, J.A., Serpentes venenosas (1945) Terapêutica Clínica, pp. 265-273. , Buenos Aires: Libreria y Editorial 'El Ateneo, Cardini C, Beretervide JJAlves, E., (1956) Medicina de Urgência, pp. 1052-1055. , Rio de Janeiro: Livraria AtheneuBrazil, V., (1901) Do envenenamento ophidico e seu tratamento, pp. 31-55. , Colletanea dos trabalhos Instituto ButantanRodrigues-Simioni, L., Borgese, N., Ceccarelli, B., The effects of Bothrops jararacussu venom and its components on frog nerve-muscle preparation (1983) Neuroscience, 10, pp. 475-489Souza, C.D., Felfili, J.M., The utilization of medicinal plants in the region of Alto Paraíso of Goiás, GO, Brazil (2006) Acta Bot Bras, 20, pp. 133-142Stannard, B.L., (1995) Flora of the Pico das Almas: Chapada da Diamantina - Bahia, Brazil, pp. 43-78. , Great Britain: Whitstable Litho LtdBranco, A., Pinto, A.C., Braz Filho, R., Chemical constituents from Vellozia graminifolia (Velloziaceae) (2004) An Acad Bras Cienc, 76, pp. 505-518Harborne, J.B., Williams, C.A., Greenham, J., Eagles, J., Variations in the lipophilic and vacuola flavonoids of the genus Vellozia (1994) Phytochemistry, 35, pp. 1475-1480Williams, C.A., Harborne, J.B., Greenham, J., Eagles, J., Differences in flavonoids patterns between genera within the Velloziaceae (1994) Phytochemistry, 36, pp. 931-940Pinto, A.C., Scofield, T.C.V., Braz-Filho, R., Two new diterpenes with a rosane skeleton from Velloziaceae (1983) Tetrahedron Lett, 24, pp. 5043-5046Pinto, A.C., Queiroz, P.P.S., Garcez, W., Diterpenes from Vellozia bicolor (1991) J Braz Chem Soc, 2, pp. 25-30Pinto, A.C., Rezende, C.M., Antunes, O.A.C., Correia, C.R.D., Three isomeric diterpenes from Vellozia flavicans (1996) Phytochemistry, 42, pp. 767-769Peixoto, E.M., Pinchin, R., Pinto, A.C., Constituintes químicos de Vellozia piresiana (1979) Ciênc Cult, 32, pp. 125-127Barnes, R.A., Pereira, A.L., Scofield, T.C.V., Braz-Filho, R., Pinto, A.C., A new triterpene from Vellozia compacta (1984) Chem Pharm Bull, 32, pp. 3674-3677Dharmappa, K.K., Kumar, R.V., Nataraju, A., Mohamed, R., Shivaprasad, H.V., Vishwanath, B.S., Anti-inflammatory activity of oleanolic acid by inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2 (2009) Planta Med, 75, pp. 211-215Magalhães, A., Santos, G.B., Verdam, M.C., Fraporti, L., Malheiro, A., Lima, E.S., Dos-Santos, M.C., Inhibition of the inflammatory and coagulant action of Bothrops atrox venom by the plant species Marsypianthes chamaedrys (2011) J Ethnopharmacol, 134, pp. 82-88Sampaio, S.C., Sousa-e-Silva, M.C.C., Borelli, P., Curi, R., Cury, Y., Crotalus durissus terrificus snake venom regulates macrophage metabolism and function (2001) J Leukoc Biol, 70, pp. 551-558(2002) Portuguese Pharmacopoeia, , Lisboa: Infarmed Editors, Portugal, Portuguese Pharmacopoeia CommitteeHarborne, J.B., (1998) Phytochemical Methods: A Guide to Modern Techniques of Plants Analysis, , London: Chapman & HallCintra Francischinelli, M., Silva, M.G., Andréo Filho, N., Cintra, A.C.O., Leite, G.B., Cruz Höfling, M.A.D.A., Rodrigues Simioni, L., Oshima Franco, Y., Effects of commonly used solubilizing agents on a model nerve-muscle synapse (2008) Lat Am J Pharm, 27, pp. 721-726Siles Villaroel, M., Rolim Rosa, R., Zelante, F., Furlanetto, R.S., Padronização da avaliação da potência de antivenenos botrópicos, em camundongos (1978) Mem Inst Butantan, 42-43, pp. 325-336Bülbring, E., Observation on the isolated phrenic nerve diaphragm preparation of the rat (1946) Br J Pharmacol, 1, pp. 38-61Ferraz, M.C., Parrilha, L.A.C., Moraes, M.S.D., Amaral Filho, J., Cogo, J.C., Dos Santos, M.G., Franco, L.M., Oshima Franco, Y., The effect of lupane triterpenoids (Dipteryx alata Vogel) in the in vitro neuromuscular blockade and myotoxicity of two snake venoms (2012) Curr Org Chem, 16, pp. 2717-2723Puebla, P., Oshima-Franco, Y., Franco, L.M., Santos, M.G., Silva, R.V., Rubem-Mauro, L., Feliciano, A.S., Chemical constituents of the bark of Dipteryx alata Vogel, an active species against Bothrops jararacussu venom (2010) Molecules, 15, pp. 8193-8204Gottlieb, O., Kaplan, M.A., Das plantas medicinais aos fármacos naturais (1993) Cienc Hoje, 15, pp. 51-54Souza Brito, A.R.M., How to study the pharmacology of medicinal plants in underdeveloped countries (1996) J Ethnopharmacol, 54, pp. 131-138Martini, N.D., Katerere, D.R., Eloff, J.N., Biological activity of five antibacterial flavonoids from Combretum erythrophyllum (Combretaceae) (2004) J Ethnopharmacol, 93, pp. 207-212Rates, S.M.K., Plants as source of drugs (2001) Toxicon, 39, pp. 603-613Soares, A.M., Ticli, F.K., Marcussi, S., Lourenço, M.V., Januário, A.H., Sampaio, S.V., Giglio, J.R., Pereira, O.S., Medicinal plants with inhibitory properties against snake venoms (2005) Curr Med Chem, 12, pp. 2625-2641Mors, W.B., Do Nascimento, M.C., Pereira, B.M.R., Pereira, N.A., Plant natural products active against snake bite - the molecular approach (2000) Phytochemistry, 55, pp. 627-642Barbosa, A.M., Villaverde, A.B., Guimarães Souza, L., Ribeiro, W., Cogo, J.C., Zamuner, S.R., Effect of low-level laser therapy in the inflammatory response induced by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom (2008) Toxicon, 1 (51), pp. 1236-1244Oshima-Franco, Y., Hyslop, S., Cintra, A.C., Giglio, J.R., da Cruz-Höfling, M.A., Rodrigues-Simioni, L., Neutralizing capacity of commercial bothropic antivenom against Bothrops jararacussu venom and bothropstoxin-I. (2000) Muscle Nerve, 23, pp. 1832-1839Oshima Franco, Y., Rosa, L.J.R., Silva, G.A.A., Amaral Filho, J., Silva, M.G., Lopes, P.S., Cogo, J.C., Da Cruz Höfling, M.A., Antibothropic action of Camellia sinensis extract against the neuromuscular blockade by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom and its mais toxin, bothropstoxin-I (2012) Pharmacology, pp. 469-489. , Croatia: Intech, Gallelli LMilani Júnior, R., Jorge, M.T., de Campos, F.P., Martins, F.P., Bousso, A., Cardoso, J.L., Ribeiro, L.A., Warrell, D.A., Snake bites by the jararacuçu (Bothrops jararacussu): clinic pathological studies of 29 proven cases in São Paulo State (1997) Brazil. QJM, 90, pp. 323-334Petricevich, V.L., Teixeira, C.F.P., Tambourghi, D.V., Gutiérrez, J.M., Increments in serum cytokine and nitric oxide levels in mice injected with Bothrops asper and Bothrops jararaca snake venom (2000) Toxicon, 38, pp. 1253-1266(2007) Rabies and envenomings: a neglected public health issue, , http://www.who.int/bloodproducts/animal_sera/Rabies.pdf, Available from: WHO - World Health OrganizationMalomouzh, A.I., Mukhtarov, M.R., Nikolsky, E.E., Vyskocil, F., Lieberman, E.M., Urazaev, A.K., Glutamate regulation of non-quantal release of acetylcholine in the rat neuromuscular junction (2003) J Neurochem, 85, pp. 206-213Rubem Mauro, L., Rocha, D.S., Barcelos, C.C., Varca, G.H., Andréo Filho, N., Barberato Filho, S., Oshima Franco, Y., Phenobarbital pharmacological findings on the nerve-muscle basis (2009) Lat Am J Pharm, 28, pp. 211-218. , Vila MMDCCintra-Francischinelli, M., Silva, M.G., Andréo-Filho, N., Gerenutti, M., Cintra, A.C.O., Giglio, J.R., Leite, G.B., Oshima-Franco, Y., Antibothropic action of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (Flacourtiaceae) extracts (2008) Phytother Res, 22, pp. 784-790Camargo, T.M., Nazato, V.S., Silva, M.G., Cogo, J.C., Groppo, F.C., Oshima-Franco, Y., Bothrops jararacussu venom-induced neuromuscular blockade inhibited by Casearia gossypiosperma Briquet hydroalcoholic extract (2010) J Venom Anim Toxins incl Trop Dis, 16, pp. 432-441Nazato, V.S., Rubem Mauro, L., Vieira, N.A.G., Rocha Junior, D., Dos, S., Silva, M.G., Lopes, P.S., Oshima Franco, Y., vitro antiophidian properties of Dipteryx alata Vogel bark extracts (2010) Molecules, 15, pp. 5956-5970Melo, R.F., Farrapo, N.M., Rocha Junior, D.S., Silva, M.G., Cogo, J.C., Dal Belo, C.A., Rodrigues Simioni, L., Oshima Franco, Y., Antiophidian mechanisms of medicinal plants (2009) Flavonoids: Biosynthesis, Biological Effects and Dietary Sources, pp. 249-262. , New York: Nova Science Publishers, Keller RBFarrapo, N.M., Silva, G.A.A., Costa, K.N., Silva, M.G., Cogo, J.C., Dal Belo, C.A., Dos Santos, M.G., Oshima Franco, Y., Inhibition of Bothrops jararacussu venom activities by Plathymenia reticulata Benth extracts (2011) J Venom Res, 2, pp. 52-58Cos, P., Vlietinc, A.J., Berghe, D.V., Maes, L., Anti-infective potential of natural products: how to develop a stronger in vitro 'proof-of-concept' (2006) J Ethnopharmacol, 103, pp. 290-302Mishra, U.S., Mishra, A., Kumari, R., Murthy, P.N., Naik, B.S., Antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata (2009) Indian J Pharm Sci, 71, pp. 436-438Premendran, S.J., Salwe, K.J., Pathak, S., Brahmane, R., Manimekalai, K., Anti-cobra venom activity of plant Andrographis paniculata and its comparison with polyvalent anti-snake venom (2011) J Nat Sci Biol Med, 2, pp. 198-204Mahadeswaraswamy, Y.H., Nagaraju, S., Girish, K.S., Kemparaju, K., Local tissue destruction and procoagulation properties of Echis carinatus venom: inhibition by Vitis vinifera seed methanol extract (2008) Phytother Res, 22, pp. 963-969Oliveira, D.A., Salvador, A.A., Smânia, A., Smânia, E.F., Maraschin, M., Ferreira, S.R., Antimicrobial activity and composition profile of grape (Vitis vinifera) pomace extracts obtained by supercritical fluids (2013) J Biotechnol, 164, pp. 423-43

MAVS: Experiencia en el HIGA San Martín año 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra casuística de malformaciónes arteriovenosas (MAV) cerebrales tratadas durante el año 2014 analizando su clasificación según escala de Spetzler-Martin (S-M) y la escala suplementaria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

MAVS: Experiencia en el HIGA San Martín año 2014

El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar nuestra casuística de malformaciónes arteriovenosas (MAV) cerebrales tratadas durante el año 2014 analizando su clasificación según escala de Spetzler-Martin (S-M) y la escala suplementaria.Facultad de Ciencias Médica

Protective continuous ventilation strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease: a prospective study

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate if a 'protective' (low-tidal/low-frequency) ventilation strategy can shorten the postoperative ventilation time and minimize acute lung injury in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) undergoing repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: This is a single-centre prospective, interventional study, including children with CHD under the age of 5 years, undergoing open-heart surgery with a CPB >60 min, in hypothermia, haemodynamically stable, and without evident genetic abnormalities. Assist-control ventilation (tidal volume of 4 ml/kg, 10 breaths/min, positive end-expiratory pressure 5 cmH2O and FiO2 0.21) was applied in a cohort of patients during CPB. We compared clinical outcomes and in fully ventilated versus non-ventilated (control) patients. Propensity score was used to weigh ventilated and control groups to correct for the effect of other confounding clinical variables. Clinical and ventilation parameters and lung inflammatory biomarkers in tracheal aspirates were measured. The primary outcome was the postoperative intubation time of more or less than 48 h. RESULTS: We included 140 children (53 ventilated, 87 non-ventilated) with different CHD. There were no deaths or adverse events in ventilated patients. Using a weighted generalized linear model, we found no sufficient evidence for an effect of intraoperative ventilation on postoperative intubation time [estimate 0.13 (95% confidence interval, -0.08; 0.35), P = 0.22]. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous low-tidal/low-frequency mechanical ventilation during CPB is safe and harmless. However, no significant advantages were found when compared to non-ventilated patients in terms of postoperative ventilation time

Increased use of high-flow nasal cannulas after the pandemic in bronchiolitis: a more severe disease or a changed physician’s attitude?

After the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we noticed a marked increase in high-flow nasal cannula use for bronchiolitis. This study aims to report the percentage of children treated with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in various seasons. The secondary outcomes were admissions for bronchiolitis, virological results, hospital burden, and NICU/PICU need. We conducted a retrospective study in four Italian hospitals, examining the medical records of all infants (< 12 months) hospitalized for bronchiolitis in the last four winter seasons (1 September–31 March 2018–2022). In the 2021–2022 winter season, 66% of admitted children received HFNC versus 23%, 38%, and 35% in the previous 3 years. A total of 876 patients were hospitalized in the study periods. In 2021–2022, 300 infants were hospitalized for bronchiolitis, 22 in 2020–2021, 259 in 2019–2020, and 295 in 2018–2019. The percentage of patients needing intensive care varied from 28.7% to 18%, 22%, and 15% in each of the four considered periods (p < 0.05). Seventy-seven percent of children received oxygen in the 2021–2022 winter; vs 50%, 63%, and 55% (p < 0.01) in the previous 3 years. NIV/CPAP was used in 23%, 9%, 16%, and 12%, respectively. In 2021–2020, 2% of patients were intubated; 0 in 2020–2021, 3% in 2019–2020, and 1% in 2018–2019. Conclusion: This study shows a marked increase in respiratory support and intensive care admissions this last winter. While these severity indexes were all driven by medical choices, more reliable indexes such as intubation rate and length of stay did not change. Therefore, we suggest that there is a more aggressive treatment attitude rather than a more severe disease.What is Known:• COVID-19 pandemic deeply impacted bronchiolitis epidemiology, reducing hospitalizations to onetenth. In the 2021-2022 winter, bronchiolitis resurged to pre-pandemic numbers in Europe.What is New:• Bronchiolitis hospitalization rose much faster in the 2021-2022 winter period, peaking at a higher level. Respiratory supports and high-flow nasal cannula increased significantly compared to the pre-pandemic era