Physical Therapy For Low Back Pain With A Focus On McKenzie Method For Diagnosis And Treatment: A Case Report

Background and Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is a common diagnosis seen in physical therapy (PT). It is thought to affect 80% of the population over their lifespan, and it keeps them out of work, affects daily activity, and decreases quality of life. PT is a noninvasive form of treatment that may include manual therapy, physical exercise, deep heat modalities, or a combination. The purpose of this case report is to review the McKenzie method combined with a conventional PT program for a patient with a recurring episode of chronic LBP. Case Description: The patient was a 72-year-old male referred to PT by his primary care physician with a diagnosis of acute LBP without sciatica. He received PT once a week for five weeks for education on McKenzie method stretching, general stretching and strengthening, soft tissue massage, modalities, and a home exercise program. Outcomes: Pain levels decreased from 8/10 average to 6/10 on Numeric Pain Rating Scale. The patient was able to complete full lumbar motion without pain, and had 5/5 strength of the lower extremity bilaterally. Not all objective measures were obtained due to patient self-discharge. Discussion: LBP is a widespread diagnosis that often affects patient’s quality of life. This case report demonstrated a combination of McKenzie method and conventional PT program. Results showed improvements in pain and activity levels, motion, strength, and tenderness. However, compliance with treatment may lead to increased improvements. More research into optimal McKenzie repetitions as well as compliance with this protocol would benefit future patients

Fatal injuries to car occupants: analysis of health and population data

Although this report was commissioned by the Department for Transport (DfT), the findings and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the DfT. While the DfT has made every effort to ensure the information in this document is accurate, DfT does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness or usefulness of that information; and it cannot accept liability for any loss or damages of any kind resulting from reliance on the information or guidance this document contains

Myth of Competition in the Dual Banking System

The American banking system operates under a dual state and federal system of chartering and safety and soundness regulation. The dual banking system ostensibly allows banks operating in any state to choose between two different sets of primary laws to define their powers and to regulate their activities and investments. Banks may obtain a national charter and fall under the regulatory aegis of the Comptroller of the Currency, or they may obtain a state charter from the chartering state\u27s primary banking regulator and fall under its regulatory aegis. In addition, within this system state banks can further decide whether to subject themselves to federal regulation by becoming members of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) or by insuring deposits through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Myth of Competition in the Dual Banking System

The American banking system operates under a dual state and federal system of chartering and safety and soundness regulation. The dual banking system ostensibly allows banks operating in any state to choose between two different sets of primary laws to define their powers and to regulate their activities and investments. Banks may obtain a national charter and fall under the regulatory aegis of the Comptroller of the Currency, or they may obtain a state charter from the chartering state\u27s primary banking regulator and fall under its regulatory aegis. In addition, within this system state banks can further decide whether to subject themselves to federal regulation by becoming members of the Federal Reserve System (Fed) or by insuring deposits through the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

Habitat Use And Avoidance by Foraging Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in East Texas

Picoides borealis (Red-cockaded Woodpecker) is an endangered bird endemic to the Pinus (pine) ecosystems of the southeastern US. Mature pine savannahs with a minimal midstory and lush herbaceous groundcover represent high-quality habitat. This study examines the foraging-habitat patterns of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers in East Texas. We present a logistic regression model that best differentiates between foraged and non-foraged habitat. Increases in hardwood-midstory basal area have the greatest negative impact on the probability of Red-cockaded Woodpeckers selecting a habitat patch for foraging. Five additional variables negatively impact foraging probability: shrub height, diameter at breast height (DBH) of pine midstory, canopy closure, density of pine midstory, and density of hardwood midstory. Our model shows a high degree of accuracy as to the probability of habitat-patch selection for Red-cockaded Woodpeckers foraging in East Texas forests composed of different pine species

Evaluating a person-centred chronic pain service using indices of reliable and clinically significant change

Background: Psychological interventions for chronic pain often require substantial individualisation, which can undermine links with the research evidence on which treatment is based. To ensure patients receive effective therapy, evaluation is needed. This paper demonstrates the use of individual level change indices, which may be more appropriate for assessing effectiveness of person-centred treatment than traditional group-level statistics. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a psychological chronic pain service at individual level and to recommend improvements for future service evaluation. Method: Indices of reliable and clinically significant change were used to assess outcomes on the HADS, CORE-10 andPSEQ. Results: Fifty-six out of 83 patients had usable outcome data. On the most widely administered outcome measure, the CORE-10, n=15 met reliable change and n=22 met clinically significant change criteria. Eighteen showed no reliable change. Only one person deteriorated. Conclusions: The person-centred treatment provided by this service was effective and achieved outcomes similar to published data from a structured group programme. However, missing data reduced the reliability of these conclusions andled to reduced usefulness of the evaluation for service planning. Recommendations for future evaluation are made