Utilizing rapid prototyping 3D printer for fabricating flexographic PDMS printing plate

Recently printed electronic field is significantly growth. Printed electronic is to develop electrical devices by printing method. Conventional printing method that has been studied for this kind of printed electronic such as flexographic, micro contact printing, screen printing, gravure and ink jet. In flexographic and microcontact printing, a printing plate is used to transfer the designed and desired pattern to substrate through conformed contact. Therefore printing plate is play a big role in this area. Printing plate making by photopolymer which used in flexographic have limitation in achieving a micro-scale of pattern size. However, printing plate of microcontact printing have an advantages in producing micro, even nano-scale size by PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane). Hence, rapid prototyping 3D printer was used for developing a PDMS micro-scale printing plate which will be used in reel to reel (R2R) flexographic due to high speed, low cost, mass production of this type of printing process. The flexibility of 3D printer in producing any shape of pattern easily, contributed the success of this study. A nickel plating and glass etching master pattern was used in this study too as master pattern mould since 3D printer has been reached the micro size limitation. The finest multiple solid line array with 1mm width and 2mm gap pattern of printing plate was successfully fabricated by 3D printer master mould due to size limitation of the FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) 3D printer nozzle itself. However, the micro-scale multiple solid line array of 100micron and 25micron successfully made by nikel platting and glass etching master mould respectively. Those types of printing plate producing method is valueable since it is easy, fast and low cost, used for micro-flexographic in printed electronic field or biomedical application

Elderly Motion Analysis to Estimate Emotion: A Systematic Review

This paper presents a systematic review focusing on motion analysisbased emotion estimation in the elderly. Addressing a critical concern, it highlights the challenge of effectively monitoring emotions in older adults and emphasizes the potential development of serious disorders resulting from emotional neglect. The study underscores the importance of emotional well-being in care facilities, where the willingness of elderly individuals to receive care is closely tied to their emotional state. Health practitioners often encounter difficulties when elderly individuals resist care due to emotional dissatisfaction, making monitoring changes in emotional states essential and necessitating comprehensive care records. Through an exhaustive examination of existing literature, the paper suggests that motion-based emotion recognition shows promise in addressing this challenge. Utilizing the PRISMA protocol, the study conducts a qualitative analysis of the impact of motion analysis on emotion estimation. It outlines the current methodologies employed in research and reveals a significant correlation between body motion cues and emotional states in the elderly. Furthermore, it positions motion-based emotion estimation as a viable solution for addressing emotional well-being in older adults and offers guidelines for researchers interested in this area. Based on our study we consider the first review of this kind on motion-based emotion estimation for the elderly, providing insights into potential advancements in addressing emotional well-being in this demographic

USF binding sequences from the HS4 insulator element impose early replication timing on a vertebrate replicator

The nuclear genomes of vertebrates show a highly organized program of DNA replication where GC-rich isochores are replicated early in S-phase, while AT-rich isochores are late replicating. GC-rich regions are gene dense and are enriched for active transcription, suggesting a connection between gene regulation and replication timing. Insulator elements can organize independent domains of gene transcription and are suitable candidates for being key regulators of replication timing. We have tested the impact of inserting a strong replication origin flanked by the β-globin HS4 insulator on the replication timing of naturally late replicating regions in two different avian cell types, DT40 (lymphoid) and 6C2 (erythroid). We find that the HS4 insulator has the capacity to impose a shift to earlier replication. This shift requires the presence of HS4 on both sides of the replication origin and results in an advance of replication timing of the target locus from the second half of S-phase to the first half when a transcribed gene is positioned nearby. Moreover, we find that the USF transcription factor binding site is the key cis-element inside the HS4 insulator that controls replication timing. Taken together, our data identify a combination of cis-elements that might constitute the basic unit of multi-replicon megabase-sized early domains of DNA replication

Theory of low transitions in CO discharge lasers

A self consistent theoretical model which couples the electron and heavy particle finite rate kinetics with the optical and fluid dynamic processes has been employed to identify the various parameters and explain the mechanism responsible for producing low lying transitions in slow flowing CO lasers. It is found that lasing on low lying transitions can be achieved at low temperatures for low pressures (or low flow rates) together with high partial pressures of the He and N2. The role of N2 has been identified as an additive responsible for reducing the electron temperature to a range where the transfer of electrical power to the lower vibrational modes of CO is optimum

The tribological characteristics of the cactus and mineral oil blends using four-ball tribotester

The oil derived from vegetables has been seen as an alternative to mineral oils for lubricants because of certain inherent technical properties, renewable source and their abilities to biodegrade. Vegetable oil is known to have a high viscosity index with a higher lubricity value compared to mineral oil. Despite its potentiality as a candidate alternative, vegetable oil has several limitations. It has a low wear resistance, and it is highly sensitive to temperatures with tribological characteristics. The majority of technical solutions, including additivation, chemical alterations, and blending, are being proposed as means of overcoming the listed limitations. This study seeks to investigate the characteristics of cactus oil with respect to its use as a bio-lubricant as well as the characteristics of environmentally friendly vegetable oil when they are mixed with mineral oils as alternative oil for petroleum, using the four-ball tribotester. The volumetric blending ratio was varied (20% to 80%) and these blends were performed at 1200 rpm, for one hour, with 40 kg of load at a temperature of 75ºC (ASTM D4172-B) standard. According to the results, it was found that the lowest wear scar diameter was 431.23μm, which was identified in the blend of 20% cactus oil with 80% mineral oil which symbolized by (CC20%), compared to that of neat cactus oil at 669.16 μm and mineral oil at 546.46 μm.In addition, the result also indicates that a 80% addition of cactus oil, the coefficient of friction tends to decrease compared to the values of neat cactus oil. Finally, it is concluded, the blends of cactus oil with commercial lubricant oil have better performance compared to commercial lubricant oil or neat cactus oil

Hadron Production in Neutrino-Nucleon Interactions at High Energies

The multi-particle production at high energy neutrino- nucleon collisions are investigated through the analysis of the data of the experiment CERN-WA-025 at neutrino energy less than 260GeV and the experiments FNAL-616 and FNAL-701 at energy range 120-250 GeV. The general features of these experiments are used as base to build a hypothetical model that views the reaction by a Feynman diagram of two vertices. The first of which concerns the weak interaction between the neutrino and the quark constituents of the nucleon. At the second vertex, a strong color field is assumed to play the role of particle production, which depend on the momentum transferred from the first vertex. The wave function of the nucleon quarks are determined using the variation method and relevant boundary conditions are applied to calculate the deep inelastic cross sections of the virtual diagram.Comment: 6 pages PDF forma

Zeolite incorporated polycaprolactone/zeolite nanocomposite membranes for silverremoval

The presence of heavy metals in drinking water leads to several health problems. Nano and micro fiber membranes can be used to overcome this through nano or microfiltration process. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL)/zeolite electrospun composite membranes were fabricated and characterized. PCL is one of the synthetic polymers used in biomedical applications. It has several advantages, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and mechanical flexibility. On the other hand, zeolites are microporous, aluminosilicate minerals commonly used as commercial adsorbents. Electrospinning is a promising technique to produce membranes by applying high voltage electricity. In this research, an electrospinning technique was used to fabricate the electrospun membrane based on PCL and zeolite. In order to produce electrospun membrane, 15% (w/v) of PCL polymer solution was dissolved in acetone and 20% (w/v) zeolite nanoparticles were incorporated into the PCL polymer solution. The diameter range of fiber was 2-6 μm. Zeolite nanoparticles were distributed homogenously into the fibers. EDX spectrum confirmed the presence of zeolite throughout the membrane. From the performance testing, it was revealed that the membrane can be potentially used as microfiltration to entrap silver contaminants in drinking water. Apart of that, the membranes are prepared with biocompatible, non-toxic materials which can be eco-friendly

Interacting Spin-2 Fields

We construct consistent theories of multiple interacting spin-2 fields in arbitrary spacetime dimensions using a vielbein formulation. We show that these theories have the additional primary constraints needed to eliminate potential ghosts, to all orders in the fields, and to all orders beyond any decoupling limit. We postulate that the number of spin-2 fields interacting at a single vertex is limited by the number of spacetime dimensions. We then show that, for the case of two spin-2 fields, the vielbein theory is equivalent to the recently proposed theories of ghost-free massive gravity and bi-metric gravity. The vielbein formulation greatly simplifies the proof that these theories have an extra primary constraint which eliminates the Boulware-Deser ghost.Comment: 42 pages, 3 figures. v3 alternative argument using constrained spatial vielbeins has been removed (see footnote 3