Knowledge of foreign language as an essential component of successful career prospect

The task of each person who graduates from a Russian university is to find a prestigious job and to move up the career ladder in the future. To do this, the graduates, who in the future will become employees of different companies, must have different special qualities. These qualities are the special skills of working with documents, computer programs, and stuff. For Russian employee the most important quality to promote is knowledge of a foreign language (usually English). Today, many companies need such employees, as it increases the prospect of working with foreign companies. The knowledge of English is necessary to provide sustainable business communication, so the higher one's level of language is, the more likely the person is to move up the ladder. Задача каждого выпускника российского вуза - найти престижную работу, продвинуться по карьерной лестнице и сделать карьеру. Для этого потенциальным сотрудникам компаний необходим не только диплом о высшем образовании, но и ряд дополнительных качеств, которыми являются навыки работы с документами, компьютерными программами, а также знание иностранного языка. На сегодняшний день многие компании нуждаются именно в таких сотрудниках, т. к. это увеличивает перспективу работы с иностранными компаниями. Знание английского языка необходимо для обеспечения эффективной бизнес-коммуникации, и поэтому у людей с полноценным знанием этого языка перспективы карьерного роста увеличиваются в разы

The Panikovets village of Yelets district: socio-demographic development of the local territory in the 17th century

Introduction. The article is devoted to the history of the local territory of the village of Panikovets, Yelets district in the 17th century. The authors analyze the demographic processes and economic development of this region. The article is written from the standpoint of a microhistorical approach. Materials and methods. The specificity of the development of the local society in the regional context of the colonization ofthe Upper Don has been studied in detail. Several observations have been made about the features of the development of the marginal lands of the South of Russia. The main sources of the study were mass historical documents related to the history of the development of local service land ownership: scribe and census books of 1615, 1628/30, 1646, 1678 and 1691, as well as materials of military reviews of landowners in 1604, 1622 and 1648. Results.The authors conclude that the demographic development of the village wasnot stable, and the plowing of land also slightly increased. It is concluded that before the beginning of the XVIII century. full economic development of the territory did not occur. The main task for the locals was to stay on the new lands in the face of constant hostilities. Only the new century became the time of fullfledged economic development of the village and the territory as a whole. Despite the fact that the village of Panikovets was located in a relatively good place, the economic and demographic development of its local territory was insignificant. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the village of Panikovets was located in a relatively convenient place, the economic and demographic development of its territory did not achieve great success. It has been established that for 100 years the composition of the villagers has changed by 90%. New settlers often had to start economic activities from the beginning. These circumstances significantly delayed the colonization of the region. The authors believe that there were many examples of such development of individual lorcal territories. They testify to the difficulties of the region's development

Methodology for ensuring employee engagement in the context of enterprise digital transformation

The implementation of strategic priorities of domestic enterprises digital transformation actualizes the tasks of employee engagement in this process. It necessitates the development of methodological approaches to the study of employee engagement in strategic decision-making to improve the quality of processes and production activities of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to present the results of research on methodological approaches development that reveal the content and features of employee engagement management in the activities of the enterprise. The research methodology includes logical substantiation of essence of the processes under study, data from scientific and analytical publications on the problem under consideration. In the course of the research interrelation between the problems of ensuring employee engagement and leadership of enterprise management has been revealed, and criteria for evaluating the actions of different categories of personnel in ensuring and increasing employee engagement developed. Active and passive approaches to involvement management determining interests of managers and employees and their influence on business results and organizational changes have been identified. The model of employee engagement in enterprise’s activities has been created considering the content of digital transformation processes, application of which allows motivating personnel to manifest digital initiatives and participate in the activities of project teams. The conclusions obtained by the authors are of a theoretical and applied nature. They will contribute to development of scientifically based approaches to developing a strategy for managing employee engagement in digital transformation processes. The results of the research can be useful to scientists and practitioners dealing with the problems of human resource management in innovations and digital standards of industrial enterprises implementation

Restricted MHC–peptide repertoire predisposes to autoimmunity

MHC molecules associated with autoimmunity possess known structural features that limit the repertoire of peptides that they can present. Such limitation gives a selective advantage to TCRs that rely on interaction with the MHC itself, rather than with the peptide residues. At the same time, negative selection is impaired because of the lack of negatively selecting peptide ligands. The combination of these factors may predispose to autoimmunity. We found that mice with an MHC class II–peptide repertoire reduced to a single complex demonstrated various autoimmune reactions. Transgenic mice bearing a TCR (MM14.4) cloned from such a mouse developed severe autoimmune dermatitis. Although MM14.4 originated from a CD4+ T cell, dermatitis was mediated by CD8+ T cells. It was established that MM14.4+ is a highly promiscuous TCR with dual MHC class I/MHC class II restriction. Furthermore, mice with a limited MHC–peptide repertoire selected elevated numbers of TCRs with dual MHC class I/MHC class II restriction, a likely source of autoreactivity. Our findings may help to explain the link between MHC class I responses that are involved in major autoimmune diseases and the well-established genetic linkage of these diseases with MHC class II

ПРИЧИНИ ПОНИЖЕННЯ РІВНЯ ОЗЕРА СИНЄ ТА ЗАХОДИ ЩОДО ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЙОГО ЕКОЛОГІЧНОГО СТАНУ

Relevance of research. The consequences of the intensive rise in air temperature can be clearly seen in the example of shallowing natural reservoirs in which, unlike ponds and reservoirs, there it is impossible to regulate runoff. This, in particular, applies to Syne Lake, located on the northwestern outskirts of Kyiv. Since the middle of the last century, the lake and the area around it have undergone significant anthropogenic pressure, which has had a negative impact on its ecological condition. The development of a comprehensive system of measures to improve the ecology of the lake requires a thorough study of the main factors in the formation of the hydrological regime of the reservoir and their discrete assessment. Objective of research is to identify natural and man-made factors that have led to a significant decrease in the Syne Lake levels in recent years and to develop of measures to improve its ecological state. Research results. The increase in evaporation from the water surface, the decrease in precipitation and inflow from the catchment caused a significant decrease in water levels in the lake and its morphological parameters. Since 2001, the area of ​​the water mirror has decreased from 3.4 ha to 2.6 ha, the water level has decreased by more than 1 m, and the shore horizon has shifted to the middle by more than 10 m. The decrease in the water content of the lake was due to changes in the components of its water balance, which was directly affected by factors, both natural and man-made.  As a result of road construction and intensive development of the area around the lake, the catchment area decreased from 758 ha to 21 ha, which caused a sharp decrease in surface runoff to the lake. A modern network of drainage and stormwater systems within the natural catchment area of ​​the lake provides drainage into the Dnieper River. The lake overgrowing and siltation by 1-1.5 m led to clogging of underground springs and, accordingly, to a decrease in pressure underground supply. Other reasons for the lake shallowing are a decrease in precipitation and an increase in air temperature. Having a climatic standard 649 mm in Kyiv in 2019, only 521 mm fell, and in general for the last 5 years the annual rainfall has decreased by an average of 87 mm per year. The average air temperature compared to the climatic standard over the past 10 years has increased by 1.9 °C, and in the hot 2019 - by 2.9 °C, which led to a significant increase in evaporation. Compared to the climatic standard, evaporation from the surface of Kyiv reservoirs has increased over the last 10 years by 127 mm, and in 2019 it reached a record rate of 911 mm. Only due to the increased evaporation from the surface of the lake and reduced rainfall, the lake level in 2019 decreased by 30.4 cm. The results of the performed research show that for the last 5 years the positive balance of moisture in the catchment is maintained. The total amount of precipitation is 161 mm higher than the evaporation for the same period, but it is 2.4 times less than the climatic standard. In low water years as it was 2015 and 2019, the difference between precipitation and evaporation from the catchment area was only 13 and 20 mm, while in the period of 1961-1990 it was 69 mm. This led to a decrease in groundwater levels and, consequently, a decrease in their inflow to the lake. Conclusion. Intensive reduction of the water content of Syne Lake is due to a complex of natural and man-made factors, including the redistribution of runoff outside the catchment as a result of building in the area, siltation of underground feeding sources, reducing rainfall and increasing evaporation due to rising air temperatures. Reducing the intensity of lake shallowing is possible by increasing the inflow of water, by redirecting to the lake surface (after treatment) and drainage runoff from the natural catchment area of ​​the lake and beyond. Clearing and dredging the lake will increase its depth and improve groundwater inflow.Згідно з даними експертів Всесвітньої метеорологічної організації середньорічна температура на планеті зросла на 1°С порівняно з доіндустріальним періодом, що призвело до різкого збільшення випарування і, як наслідок, стало причиною зменшення річкового стоку на 9,3 %. В Україні температура повітря змінюється значно швидше ніж загалом у світі. За останні роки вона зросла на 2 °С порівняно з кліматичною нормою, що стало причиною зміщення на північ агрокліматичних зон на відстань біля 200 км. У роботі наведено результати кількісної дискретної оцінки природних і техногенних чинників, що зумовили різке зниження рівнів озера Синє в останні роки. В результаті виконаних досліджень встановлено, що зменшення стоку річок та об’єму природних водойм насамперед є результатом інтенсивного підвищення температури повітря в останні десятиліття і обумовленого ним збільшення об’ємів випарування вологи з поверхні водойм і водозборів. Іншими важливими чинниками зменшення водності оз. Синє є зменшення кількості опадів та господарська діяльність, зокрема будівництво доріг, інтенсивна забудова території і відведення дренажного та поверхневого стоку за межі водозбору озера. Через  відсутність снігового покриву у 2020 р весняна повінь на рівнинних річках України пройшла з витратами, що значно менші норми, зокрема стік р. Ірпінь, в межах водозбору якої знаходиться озеро, за період з 2011 р. зменшився в 1,46 рази порівняно з попереднім періодом 1958-2010 рр., а за останні 5 років він зменшився майже в 2 рази. Через незначні об’єми  повеневого притоку не відбулося наповнення водосховищ і озер до нормативних рівнів, а в результаті зменшення кількості опадів і зростання випарування значно понизилися рівні ґрунтових вод, що в результаті зумовило зменшення грунтового притоку до водойм. За умови повторення кліматичного сценарію 2019 гідрологічного року рівні води оз. Синє можуть знизитися значно нижче історичних відміток і призвести до повної деградації озера. Покращення екологічного стану озера можливе завдяки збільшенню притоку поверхневих і грунтових вод шляхом перенаправлення до озера поверхневого та дренажного стоку з території природного водозбору озера, а також у результаті розчищення і днопоглиблення озера, що дозволить збільшити глибину при меженних відмітках та  забезпечить розкриття закольматованих джерел підземного живлення

РАЗРАБОТКА СЕГМЕНТОВ КЛАСТЕРОВ КООРДИНАЦИИ ОТРАСЛЕВОЙ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТИ

The article examines economic approaches and structural characteristics of strategic potential of the cruise industry; the correlation has been found out and clustering of its components by blocks of individual capacities combining functional, reproductive and resource criteria has been carried out. Taking into account the hierarchical level of the formation of industry capacity (national, regional, sectoral, local), rational forms, methods and tools of managerial influence on the process of its functioning as an integrated system are investigated in the aspects of expert analysis of a case type.Исследуются экономические подходы и структурно-содержательные характеристики стратегического потенциала круизной индустрии. Выявлена взаимосвязь и проведена кластеризация совокупности входящих в него компонентов по блокам частных потенциалов, сочетающих функциональный, воспроизводственный и ресурсный критерии. Учитывая иерархический уровень формирования отраслевого потенциала (национальный, региональный, отраслевой, локальный), определены рациональные формы, методы и инструменты управленческого воздействия на процесс его функционирования как целостной системы с учетом экспертного анализа прецедентного типа

Ways to increase adherence to antihypertensive therapy

With a high prevalence in the Russian population and insufficient effectiveness of treatment, hypertension remains a poorly controlled cardiovascular risk factor, including due to the low compliance of patients. Noncompliance is due to a large number of factors, some of which were studied in post-hoc analysis of the Russian observational STIL’ and TRICOLOR studies. It demonstrated that fixed-dose combinations of antihypertensive drugs can make a significant contribution to solving such a complex problem as low compliance

Новый аттенуированный штамм Mycobacterium tuberculosis BN. Характеристика, вакцинные свойства

The objective of the study: to obtain a live attenuated strain and investigate its properties by multiple cultures of the virulent strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.Subjects and Methods. The original virulent strain H37Rv was subcultured 70 times in 7H9 liquid medium. Genetic properties of the new strain, degree of avirulence, and vaccine properties were studied.Results. Mycobacteria of the new strain MtbBN lost their virulence to inbred mice. Eight mutations were identified by whole genome sequencing: single nucleotide insertions and deletions (in/del) distinguishing the MtbBN and H37Rv strains. The MtbBN strain demonstrated vaccine potential at the BCG level. Additionally, in some genetic models, the attenuated strain was highly effective in protecting inbred mice when infected with Mtb H37Rv as opposed to BCG.Цель исследования: получить живой аттенуированный штамм и исследовать его свойства путем многократных пересевов вирулентного штамма Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.Материалы и методы. Исходный вирулентный штамм H37Rv последовательно пересевали 70 раз на жидкой среде 7H9. Изучали генетические свойства нового штамма, степень авирулентности и вакцинные свойства.Результаты. Микобактерии нового штамма MtbBN утратили вирулентность по отношению к инбредным мышам. С помощью метода полногеномного секвенирования выявлено восемь мутаций: однонуклеотидных вставок и делеций (in/del), различающих штаммы MtbBN и H37Rv. Штамм MtbBN проявил вакцинный потенциал на уровне БЦЖ. Кроме того, в некоторых генетических моделях аттенуированный штамм высокоэффективно защищал инбредных мышей при заражении Mtb H37Rv в отличие от БЦЖ

Marine Tourism Development in the Arkhangelsk Region, Russian Arctic : Stakeholder’s Perspectives

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Springer in Springer Polar Sciences on (07/03/2020).Available online: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-030-28404-6_17acceptedVersio

Regulatory T-Cells: Mechanisms of Immune Response Inhibition and Involvement in the Control of Tuberculosis Infection

International audienc