The Trajectory, Orbit and Preliminary Fall Data of the JUNE BOOTID Superbolide of July 23, 2008

The results of the atmospheric trajectory, radiant, orbit and preliminary fall data calculations of an extremely bright slow-moving fireball are presented. The fireball had a -20.7 maximum absolute magnitude and the spectacular long-persistence dust trail (Fig 1 and 2) was observed in a widespread region of Tajikistan twenty eight minutes after sunset, precisely at 14h 45m 25s UT on July 23, 2008. The bolide was first recorded at a height of 38.2 km, and attained its maximum brightness at a height of 35.0 km and finished at a height of 19.6 km. These values are very much in line with other well-known fireballs producing meteorites. The first break-up must have occurred under an aerodynamic pressure Pdyn of about 1.5 MPa, similar to those derived from the study of atmospheric break-ups of previously reported meteorite-dropping bolides. Our trajectory, and dynamic results suggest that one might well expect to find meteorites on the ground in this case. The heliocentric orbit of the meteoroid determined from the observations is very similar to the mean orbit of the June Bootid meteor shower, whose parental comet is 7P/Pons-Winnecke (Lindblad et al. 2003). If the parent was indeed a comet, this has implications for the internal structure of comets, and for the survivability of cometary meteorites

Realization of potential of enterprise structure development as the criterion of ensuring the object-differentiated approach to rendering the state support : the Russian Federation

The objective of the research. Undertaken in the conditions of an economic crisis and sanctions restrictions the attempts of system optimization of business activity state regulation in Russia still don't contribute to increase in business sector efficiency and to full accomplishment of all assigned social and economic functions. In the article the author rationalizes the point, assuming that in the basis of state regulation system the implementation level of entrepreneurial structure capacity, as the most adequate criterion of rendering the state support of business activity, which besides shall carry an object-differentiated nature, shall be laid. Short description of methodology. In the article authors offer an original interpretation of the concept "potential of enterprise structure development" and a method to calculate an indicator "the realization level of potential of enterprise structure development" as key criterion at realizing an object-differentiated approach to rendering the state support of enterprise structures. Compilation of the most important research results and their significance. In the article based on the formed differentiation criteria of measures of the state support of entrepreneurial structures authors offer the measures system differentiated on the bases of the implementation level of potential of entrepreneurial structures development and the importance of this structure in strategic priorities system of territorial development on preferential creation of institutional conditions for an entrepreneurship development; on internal capacity development of entrepreneurial structures; on direct support of business activity.peer-reviewe

The 2011 October Draconids Outburst. II. Meteoroid Chemical Abundances from Fireball Spectroscopy

On October 8, 2011 the Earth crossed dust trails ejected from comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner in the late 19th and early 20th Century. This gave rise to an outburst in the activity of the October Draconid meteor shower, and an international team was organized to analyze this event. The SPanish Meteor Network (SPMN) joined this initiative and recorded the October Draconids by means of low light level CCD cameras. In addition, spectroscopic observations were carried out. Tens of multi-station meteor trails were recorded, including an extraordinarily bright October Draconid fireball (absolute mag. -10.5) that was simultaneously imaged from three SPMN meteor ob-serving stations located in Andalusia. Its spectrum was obtained, showing a clear evolution in the relative intensity of emission lines as the fireball penetrated deeper into the atmosphere. Here we focus on the analysis of this remarkable spectrum, but also discuss the atmospheric trajectory, atmospheric penetration, and orbital data computed for this bolide which was probably released during 21P/Giacobini-Zinner return to perihelion in 1907. The spectrum is discussed together with the tensile strength for the October Draconid meteoroids. The chemical profile evolution of the main rocky elements for this extremely bright bolide is compared with the elemental abundances obtained for 5 October Draconid fireballs also recorded during our spectroscopic campaign but observed only at a single station. Significant chemical heterogeneity between the small meteoroids is found as we should expect for cometary aggregates being formed by diverse dust components.Comment: Manuscript in press in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Accepted for publication in MNRAS on April 28th, 2013 Manuscript Pages: 28 Tables: 5 Figures: 12. Manuscript associated: "The 2011 October Draconids outburst. I. Orbital elements, meteoroid fluxes and 21P/Giacobini-Zinner delivered mass to Earth" by Trigo-Rodriguez et al. is also in press in the same journa

Reading the Signs”: Aspects of Perception of a Game Polycode Text in Space of a Modern City

One of the new linguocreative practices of organizing the city space as a cultural text is analyzed. The game discourse of polycode texts is considered, which combine elements of different semiotic systems: signs of traffic rules, supplemented by visualized symbolic allusions and quotations, collectively referring to the motifs of famous works of art. The constructive principles of modeling the associative context of polycode posters placed in the Literary Quarter of Yekaterinburg are characterized. The universality of the generation of game texts of any semiotic nature on the basis of an operational technique that creates the effects of associative deducibility and associative integration is substantiated. The novelty of the study is related to the description of the algorithm for creating and deciphering a game polycode text of this type, identifying the factors and strategies for reading it by the addressee. The dynamic component of the semantic diversity of the analyzed texts is experimentally verified, taking into account the respondents’ recognition of the prototypes of the game transform, reflection on the connection between its visual and verbal components, and the ability to derive allusive implicatures. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of game transform decoding strategies in the light of the mechanisms of linguocreative thinking based on the switching of associative stereotypes in the language game register

Integral assessment of the social and economic development of megacities in Russia

The relevance of the analyzed issue is due to the existing need for more attention to the problems of large cities, which are the social and economic centers that perform important functions and realize the interests of the population, business and local government. The purpose of this article is to disclose the sources of the urban growth and development, the integrated assessment of the size and spatial distribution of the economic activity, regional planning and the government activity. The leading approaches to the study of this issue are systemic and reproduction, which, along with the use of econometric modeling and statistical analysis, allowed revealing significant shortcomings of the institutional urban management mechanism and proposing a number of measures to correct these shortcomings. The article illustrates the theoretical basis of modeling of large cities as spatial economic systems, determines their sources of growth, gives the characteristic features of the urban development in modern conditions, and proposes a conceptual model of a modern city. The contents of the article may be useful for the development of social and economic development strategies both the urban district, and the region as a whole, since large cities act as a locomotive, and they move the regional economy in the direction of the social and economic well-being. © 2016 Malikh et al

Research and educational network: Development management

Relevance of the study is determined by the fact that the management methodology of research and educational network development being of great interest for the improvement of the educational system, currently remains beyond the most scientific researches. Study purpose is aimed at the development of the organizational and pedagogical management model of research and educational network development in the field of education. Leading theoretical method of the research is the structural and functional approach enabling comprehensive consideration of the contents of the main components of the developing research and educational network and dependencies between them. The article presents the organizational and pedagogical management model of the developing research and educational network, describing the objectives, principles of participants’ interaction, functions, and structural networking components, revealing the scope of the activity, conditions, forms and types of the interaction. Materials may be useful to explore the possibilities of development of the intellectual capital of the subjects of network communication; training of specialists qualified in the field of generation and spread of new knowledge in the creation and development of research and education network. © 2016 Davydova et al

Postural regulation of teenagers performing pop dance, according to stabilometry data

Knowledge of postural regulation in different sports is useful for sports selection and for improvement of postural stereotypes.Objective: to reveal postural regulation features of teenagers involved in pop dance.Materials and methods: 15 pop dancers involved in dance more than 10 years performed Romberg and optokinetic tests on computer stabilograph “Trust-M Stabilo”.Results: the area and length of the dancers’ statokinesiogram were less than in general sample, statokinesiogram’s pressure center had been dextrally dislocated. Visual disturbances as well as vision deprivation led to statistically significant increase in speed of center of pressure movement along reference plane and in the ratio of statokinesiogram’s length to its area. All these changes were less pronounced than in the general sample.Conclusions: postural regulation of dancers proved to be better than that of healthy people who were not involved in sports

Сost-effectiveness of the second wave of protease inhibitors in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (genotype 1) in patients not previously treated with antiviral drugs, and for relapsed disease

The protease inhibitors (PI) actively using for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (CHC).The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of narlaprevir and simeprevir in the CHC (genotype 1) therapy in treatment-naïve patients and relapses.Material and methods. Analysis of the cost-effectiveness of simeprevir and narlaprevir was conducted from the perspective of the health care system and base on QUEST-1, QUEST-2, ASPIRE and PIONEER clinical trials. The relative risk of achieving SVR 24 compared to the peg-INF + RBV therapy was used in the model. Treatment discontinuation in patients receiving narlaprevir assumed in the absence of a SVR after 12 weeks and in patients receiving simeprevir in the SVR absence after 4 weeks. The cost of narlaprevir was calculate based on estimated registration price in case of EDL (essential pharmaceutical list approved by MOH) inclusion, including VAT (10%) and 10% as trade margin. Costs of other antiviral products were in line with the results of 2015 average auctions prices.Results. In the base case costs on antiviral products with narlaprevir as first-line therapy are lower compared with simeprevir by 12,2% (950,6 and 1083,0 thousand RUR, respectively), and the cost per patient with SVR 24 by 7,8%. In patients group after relapse costs on antiviral products with narlaprevir as first-line therapy will decrease compared with simeprevir by 4,3% (971,3 and 1014,7 thousand RUR, respectively), and the cost per patient with SVR 24 by 25,0%. The sensitivity analysis demonstrated a high reliability of obtained results. Thus, assuming equal clinical effectiveness of narlaprevir and simeprevir, costs of treatment naive patients will be 10.6% lower for narlaprevir group compared to simeprevir group (953,0 and 1066,0 thousand rur, respectively), and by 12,9% for the treatment of relapses (957,9 and 1100,0 thousand RUR, respectively).Conclusions. With comparable clinical efficacy and tolerability of narlaprevir and simeprevir both in treatmentnaïve patients and patients with relapse after therapy, which included PEGylated interferon and ribavirin, narlaprevir reduces the burden on the budget. Due to substantial variability of PI prices, it is advisable to take into account local pricing at regional programs implementation

The influenza epidemic in Russia during the 2014–2015 season

The goal of this study was to compare the data on the intensity of the influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic (especially the death toll) in the 2014–2015 season with the previous epidemic of the 2013-2014 season. The data on weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza, and acute respiratory diseases in different age groups of inhabitants of 59 cities located in 7 Federal districts of the Russian Federation were collected using the database of the Research Institute of Influenza.Analysis of this data showed that the influenza epidemic in 2014-2015 began earlier (in December) compared to the epidemic of 2013-2014, and spread mainly from Europe through Russia to the East. The intensity of the epidemic of 2014-2015 was higher compared to the previous one. The epidemic was more prevalent by regions and cities and a wider engagement of different age groups (except children up to 2 years of age) was observed. At the peak of the epidemic, the morbidity level was higher, the average duration of the epidemic was longer, and the number of patients among cities’ inhabitants (especially among children 7-14 years of age and adults) was higher than in the previous season. The rates of hospitalization with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) among patients older than 65 years were also higher (1.4 times) as well as the frequency of hospitalization with a diagnosis of “influenza” (2.7 times) and the number of deaths from laboratory confirmed influenza (1.8 times).Although the influenza pandemic virus strain A(H1N1)pdm09 was not the main causative agent of the 2015 epidemic and was distributed sporadically it still remained the leading cause of deaths from influenza in the course of this epidemic (45.5% of all cases). The deaths associated with this strain were recorded only in the European part of Russian Federation.The goal of this study was to compare the data on the intensity of the influenza A(H3N2) and B epidemic (especially the death toll) in the 2014–2015 season with the previous epidemic of the 2013-2014 season. The data on weekly morbidity, hospitalization, deaths from influenza, and acute respiratory diseases in different age groups of inhabitants of 59 cities located in 7 Federal districts of the Russian Federation were collected using the database of the Research Institute of Influenza. Analysis of this data showed that the influenza epidemic in 2014-2015 began earlier (in December) compared to the epidemic of 2013-2014, and spread mainly from Europe through Russia to the East. The intensity of the epidemic of 2014-2015 was higher compared to the previous one. The epidemic was more prevalent by regions and cities and a wider engagement of different age groups (except children up to 2 years of age) was observed. At the peak of the epidemic, the morbidity level was higher, the average duration of the epidemic was longer, and the number of patients among cities’ inhabitants (especially among children 7-14 years of age and adults) was higher than in the previous season. The rates of hospitalization with influenza and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) among patients older than 65 years were also higher (1.4 times) as well as the frequency of hospitalization with a diagnosis of “influenza” (2.7 times) and the number of deaths from laboratory confirmed influenza (1.8 times). Although the influenza pandemic virus strain A(H1N1)pdm09 was not the main causative agent of the 2015 epidemic and was distributed sporadically it still remained the leading cause of deaths from influenza in the course of this epidemic (45.5% of all cases). The deaths associated with this strain were recorded only in the European part of Russian Federation

Simultaneous electrical conductivity and DTA measurements in the study of the phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement and accompanying processes

The application of DTA with the simultaneous recording of electrical conductivity variation in the study of the thermal behaviour of α-oxyalkylphosphonates and their analogues is considered. The investigation of electrical conductivity variation during a reaction helps clarify certain problems of the phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement and the decomposition of α-oxyalkylphosphonates to their components. © 1974 Wiley Heyden Ltd., Chichester and Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest