A novel secure routing scheme using probabilistic modelling for better resistivity against lethal attacks

Study towards Wireless Adhoc Network dates two decades back with various researchers evolving up with new solutions towards addressing its problems. Irrespective of various other problems, the issues related to the secure routing is yet unsolved owing to massively increasing fatal strategies of the adversary. Review of existing literature shows that the existing secure routing scheme can only govern over the stated attacks reducing the applicability in case of dynamic attacks. Therefore, this manuscript introduces a novel probabilistic model which offers the capability to wireless nodes to identify the malicious behavior and react accordingly. Different from existing intrusion prevention system, the proposed system allows the malicious node to participate in the data forwarding process and exhaust its resources with no chance of launching an attack. The simulated outcome of the study shows that the proposed secure routing scheme offers better data forwarding characteristic in contrast to the existing system in the aspect of intrusion detection and secure data transmission

Effect of Different Levels of Inorganic Fertilizer and Bio-Fertilizer for Soil Amelioration Growth and Yield of Field Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season (November- April) 2015-2016 to study the “Effect of bio-fertilizer and different levels of inorganic fertilizers for soil amelioration growth and yield of field pea (Pisum sativum L.)”at the Research Farm of Department of Soil Science, Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture, Technology Science, Allahabad, The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three levels of NPK ( 0%, 50%, 100%, RDF ) kg ha-1 and three levels of Bio-fertilizer (PSB, Rhizobium and PSB + Rhizobium 75% t ha-1 The treatments combinations were replicated three times and were allocated at random in each replication .The treatment combination T6 [Rhizobium + 100% RDF [N (25 kg ha-1),P(60 kg ha-1),K(20 kg ha-1)] gave the best result with the respect to plant height (82.02cm), number of branches plant-1 (16.93), Number of leaves plant-1(81.33), number of nodules plant-1 (13.27), fresh weight of plant (g)(114.93), dry weight of plant (g) 22.73 it gave highest number of pods plant-1 18.27, number of seeds pod-1-6.73, length of pod (cm)-7.00 and test weight 253.07g. Combined use of inorganic fertilizer and bio-fertilizers resulted in significant increase on enrichment of soil fertility status. The treatment T6 resulted in a slight decrease in soil PH 7.00 and significantly increases EC 0.277dSm-1, bulk density 1.34 g cm-3, particle density 2.67 g cm-3, soil pore space 49.69%, % organic carbon 0.81%, available N 330.59 Kg ha-1, P 32.37 Kg ha-1, K 197.85 Kg ha-1 in the soil .From the economical point of view, the same treatment gave the maximum profit of Rs 64,413with C:B ratio of 1: 2.34

Trust-based secure routing against lethal behavior of nodes in wireless adhoc network

Offering a secure communication in wireless adhoc network is yet an open-end problem irrespective of archives of existing literatures towards security enhancement. Inclination towards solving specific forms of attack in adhoc network is majorly seen as an existing trend which lowers the applicability of existing security solution while application environment or attack scenario is changed. Therefore, the proposed system implements an analytical secure routing modeling which performs consistent monitoring of the malicious behaviour of its neighboring node and formulates decision towards secure routing by the source nodes. Harnessing the potential ofconceptual probabilistic modeling, the proposed system is capable as well as applicable for resisting maximum number / types of threats in wireless network. The study outcome show proposed scheme offer better performance in contrast to existing secure routing scheme

Arrhythmia induction using isoproterenol or epinephrine during electrophysiology study for supraventricular tachycardia

Background Electrophysiology study (EPS) is an important part of the diagnosis and workup for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT). Provocative medications are used to induce arrhythmias, when they are not inducible at baseline. The most common medication is the β1‐specific agonist, isoproterenol, but recent price increases have resulted in a shift toward the nonspecific agonist, epinephrine. Objective We hypothesize that isoproterenol is a better induction agent for SVT during EPS than epinephrine. Methods We created a retrospective cohort of 131 patients, who underwent EPS and required medication infusion with either isoproterenol or epinephrine for SVT induction. The primary outcome was arrhythmia induction. Results Successful induction was achieved in 71% of isoproterenol cases and 53% of epinephrine cases (P = 0.020). Isoproterenol was significantly better than epinephrine for SVT induction during EPS (odds ratio [OR], 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.14‐4.85; P = 0.021). There was no difference in baseline variables or complications between the two groups. Other variables associated with successful arrhythmia induction included a longer procedure duration and atrioventricular nodal re‐entry tachycardia as the clinical arrhythmia. In a multivariable model, isoproterenol remained significantly associated with successful induction (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.002‐6.59; P = 0.05). Conclusions Isoproterenol was significantly better than epinephrine for SVT arrhythmia induction. However, epinephrine was safe and successfully induced arrhythmias in the majority of patients who received it. Furthermore, when atropine was added in epinephrine‐refractory cases, in a post hoc analysis there was no difference in arrhythmia induction between medications. Cost savings could thus be significant without compromising safety

Cystatin C based eGFR - for early detection of diabetic kidney disease

Background: Diabetic kidney disease is the leading cause of premature death in young diabetic patients. Detection of diabetic kidney disease as early as possible in the disease process currently offers the best chance of delaying or possibly preventing progression to end-stage renal disease. The present study was aimed to evaluate utility of serum cystatin C based eGFR for early diagnosis of diabetic kidney disease.Methods: Diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus having frank proteinuria were excluded. Patients without proteinuria were tested for microalbuminuria.  50 patients having microalbuminuria were tested for 24 hour urine creatinine, serum creatinine and serum cystatin C. Both cystatin C based eGFR and eGFR by Cockcroft and Gault equation were compared with standard GFR by 24 hour urine Creatinine clearance respectively.Results: There was statistically significant positive correlation between cystatin C based eGFR and standard GFR by 24 hr Creatinine clearance (r=0.87). For eGFR by Cockcroft-Gault equation, it was 0.36 (r=0.36).Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that serum cystatin C based eGFR  measurement is a useful, practical tool for the evaluation of renal involvement in the course of diabetes. As serum creatinine values are affected by many factors like age, sex, muscle mass and diet, serum cystatin C based eGFR estimation offers a hope that diabetic kidney disease can be well prevented with appropriate interventions

FSDA: Framework for Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network for Enhancing Key Management

An effective key management plays a crucial role in imposing a resilient security technique in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). After reviewing the existing approaches of key management, it is confirmed that existing approachs does not offer good coverage on all potential security breaches in WSN. With WSN being essential part of Internet-of-Things (IoT), the existing approaches of key management can definitely not address such security breaches. Therefore, this paper introduces a Framework for Secure Data Aggregation (FSDA) that hybridizes the public key encryption mechanism in order to obtain a novel key management system. The proposed system does not target any specific attacks but is widely applicable for both internal and external attacks in WSN owing to its design principle. The study outcome exhibits that proposed FSDA offers highly reduced computational burden, minimal delay, less energy consumption, and higher data transmission perforance in contrast to frequency used encryption schemes in WSN

n-Tier Modelling of Robust Key management for Secure Data Aggregation in Wireless Sensor Network

Security problems in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have been researched from more than a decade. There are various security approaches being evolving towards resisting various forms of attack using different methodologies. After reviewing the existing security approaches, it can be concluded that such security approaches are highly attack-specific and doesnt address various associated issues in WSN. It is essential for security approach to be computationally lightweight. Therefore, this paper presents a novel analytical modelling that is based on n-tier approach with a target to generate an optimized secret key that could ensure higher degree of security during the process of data aggregation in WSN. The study outcome shows that proposed system is computationally lightweight with good performance on reduced delay and reduced energy consumption. It also exhibits enhanced response time and good data delivery performance to balance the need of security and data forwarding performance in WSN

Effect of Planned Early Recommended Ambulation Technique on Selected Post caesarean Biophysiological Health Parameters

Background: Caesarean section has been a part of human culture since ancient times. It has been used effectively throughout the 20th century and among the major abdominal surgeries, it is the most common, oldest worldwide surgery performed in obstetrics. Despite the life saving advantages, there are several adverse consequences of caesarean delivery for a woman and to her household. The rate and risk of these complications increases due to the increasing incidence mainly in countries like India. The role of nurse midwife is to act in the best interest of patient and newborn and make the patient independent in carrying out the activities of daily living as soon as possible. This can lead to a faster recovery and shorter hospital stay. Also it can indirectly help in reducing the complications associated with prolonged bed rest and can improve the maternal newborn bonding. Aim and Objectives: The present study was done to evaluate the effect of planned early ambulation on selected biophysiological health parameters of post caesarean patients. Material and Methods: The study included total 500 study subjects, 250 in experimental and 250 in control group. Quasi experimental approach with multiple time series design was adopted for the study. The experimental group was given an early planned recommended ambulation technique starting from the day of surgery. This consisted of deep breathing exercise, cough exercise, leg exercise and early mobilization. Over and above, the routine general health care was given by the doctors and nurses. The control group received only by routine general care by doctors and nurses and mobilization on third post operative day as per strategy adopted by the hospital. The deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises and leg exercises were not given routinely and hence were not given to the control group. Post caesarean biophysiological parameters chart was used to assess the selected parameters for first five post operative days. Result: The significant findings of the study were that there was a significant difference in the proportions of normal observations of selected biophysiological health parameters like incisional pain, condition of breast, condition of abdomen and peristaltic movements of experimental group as compared to that of control group. All these parameters improved significant during first five post caesarean days at 0.05 level of significance. Thus the alternative hypothesis was accepted and null hypothesis was rejected. From the present study it could be concluded that the early planned ambulation is an effective strategy for post operative management of caesarean patient. It can help in avoiding morbidity and can enhance the early recovery of the patient