Spectroscopic studies of compounds containing a P —H bond: 4. Vibrational spectra and conformational multiformity of di- tert-butylphosphorous acid molecules

IR and Raman spectra of liquid di- tert-butylphosphorous acid and its two low-temperature crystalline modifications are studied. It is found that at least three stable conformations of acid molecules can exist in the liquid state. © 1995, Plenum Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved

The impact of stress on the morbidity of university students

The purpose of the study is to confirm or refute the relationship of stress experienced with the incidence of students.Цель исследования – подтвердить или опровергнуть связь испытываемого стресса с частотой заболеваемости студентов

Распространенность и источники возможного инфицирования больных Achromobacter хylosoxidans и Stenotraphomonas maltophilia в региональном центре муковисцидоза

Summary. Achromobacter хylosoxidans and Stenotraphomonas maltophilia become increasingly important pathogens of lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Little is known about clinical significance and routes of transmission of these pathogens from environmental or hospital sources to the patient. The aim of this study was to assess a prevalence of A. хylosoxidans and S. maltophilia in a regional population of CF patients and possible hospital sources of this infection. Microbiological investigation was performed in 259 sputum samples and nasopharyngeal aspirates from 38 CF patients attending the Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center in 2010. Bacterial isolates were obtained from hospital environment (sinks in wards and toilets, physiotherapeutic equipment, nebulizers) and from hands of medical care providers (n = 50). Four (10.5 %) of patients were colonised by A. хylosoxidans. In six patients (15.8 %) S. maltophilia was detected. In 8 cases (80 %) bacterial pathogens were detected in sputum samples of the patients after i.v. or nebulised anti-pseudomonal therapy and hospitalisations. A. хylosoxidans and S. maltophilia were also isolated from sinks at common infection wards (33.2 % and 66.7 %, respectively); 40 % of toilets were contaminated with A. хylosoxidans and S. maltophilia strains. One S. maltophilia strain was isolated from high frequency chest wall oscillation vest and one S. maltophilia strain was isolated from the hands of a physiotherapist at the end of a working day. Similarity of antibiotic susceptibility of the strains isolated from the hospital equipment and from the patients suggested a possible trasmission of the infection from the hospital environment and hands of medical care providers to the patients. Therefore, a role of A. хylosoxidans and S. maltophilia for respiratory disease in CF patients could be underestimated. Improved hygienic measures in CF centers are required to prevent risk of bacterial transmission.Резюме. Роль Stenotraphomonas maltophilia и Achromobacter хylosoxidans в заболевании легких у больных муковисцидозом (МВ) становится все более существенной. О клинической значимости этих патогенов для пациентов, путях их передачи из окружающей среды или госпитальных источников инфицирования известно немного.Целью исследования явилось изучение распространенности A. хylosoxidans и S. maltophilia среди региональной популяции больных МВ, а также определение источников возможного нозокомиального инфицирования. В течение 2010 г. был проведено бактериологическое исследование 259 образцов мокроты и назофаренгиальных аспиратов от 38 больных МВ, наблюдающихся в региональном центре муковисцидоза. Бактериальные изоляты (n = 50) были выделены с госпитального оборудования (раковины, туалеты, физиотерапевтическое оборудование, небулайзеры), рук персонала. В результате 4 (10,5 %) больных оказались инфицированы A. хylosoxidans. В мокроте 6 (15,8 %) пациентов идентифицирована S. maltophilia. В 8 (80 %) случаях эти микроорганизмы выделялись из мокроты после внутривенных и ингаляционных курсов антисинегнойной терапии и госпитализации. A. хylosoxidans и S. maltophilia были обнаружены в смывах всех стоков раковин в общих инфекционных палатах (33,2 % и 66,7 % соответственно), этими штаммами было контаминировано 40 % туалетов. Однократно S. maltophilia была обнаружена на поверхности жилета высокочастотной экстрапульмональной осцилляции и на руках кинезитерапевта в конце рабочего дня. Сходство антибактериальной чувствительности штаммов, выделенных с госпитального оборудования и штаммов от пациентов, позволяет предположить возможность внутрибольничного инфицирования.Таким образом, роль A. хylosoxidans и S. maltophilia в этиологии заболевания легких при МВ может недооцениваться. Необходимо улучшение гигиенических мер в центрах муковисцидоза с целью профилактики бактериального инфицирования

Особенности цитокинового баланса при инфекционных геморрагических колитах у детей

The aim of the study was to study the features of cytokine balance and their effect on clinical and laboratory parameters in infectious hemorrhagic colitis in children. Materials and methods. In the Department of intestinal infections in 2018 observed 28 children with infectious haemorrhagic colitis. The diagnosis was established taking into account clinical recommendations; the severity of the disease was determined by the Clark index; the etiology was verified according to bacteriological and molecular studies of feces, serological methods. In the acute period of the disease, the concentration of cytokines in the blood serum — TNF-a, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 was studied by enzyme immunoassay. Mann-Whitney method, Kruskal-Wallis dispersion analysis, Pearson correlation method we used to estimate the obtained data.Results. The age structure of patients was dominated by young children (53.6%). Mild form of the disease was diagnosed in 32.1% of patients, moderate — in 67.9%. A high level of IL-4 was observed against a relatively low level of TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10. Significantly higher concentrations of TNF-a and IL-6 were found in children with moderate form of the disease. The maximum values of IL-6 were observed in young children, IL-10 — in infants. In the moderate form of the disease, negative correlations of IL-4 with the number of leukocytes (r = –0.46; p = 0.05) and platelets (r = –0.48; p < 0.05) in the hemogram noted. Early age patients were found to have correlations of TNF-a with the relative number of rod neutrophils (r = 0.62; p < 0.01). There was a significant correlation of IL-4 with the relative number of segmental neutrophils (r = 0.49; p < 0.05). The relationship of TNF-a with the severity of the disease (r = 0.42; p < 0.05) revealed. The data on the possible suppressive effect of TNF-a and IL-10 on the synthesis of urea and the relationship of IL-6 with reactive changes in the liver obtained.Conclusion. Studies of cytokine balance in infectious hemorrhagic colitis in children showed the severity of systemic inflammatory response with the activation of Th-2 immune response. The correlation of TNF-a with the severity of the disease was established, which may have diagnostic and prognostic value.Цель исследования — изучение особенностей баланса цитокинов и их влияния на клинико-лабораторные показатели при инфекционных геморрагических колитах у детей.В отделении кишечных инфекций в 2018 г. наблюдали 28 детей с инфекционными геморрагическими колитами. Диагноз устанавливали с учетом клинических рекомендаций; тяжесть заболевания определяли по индексу Кларка; этиологию верифицировали по данным бактериологического и молекулярных исследований кала, серологических методов. В острый период заболевания исследовали концентрацию сывороточных цитокинов — ФНО-a, ИЛ-4, ИЛ-6, ИЛ-10 методом ИФА. При оценке полученных данных использовали метод Манна-Уитни, дисперсионный анализ Краскела-Уоллиса, метод корреляции Пирсона. В возрастной структуре больных доминировали дети раннего возраста (53,6%). Легкая форма заболевания диагностирована у 32,1% пациентов, среднетяжелая — у 67,9%. Отмечен высокий уровень ИЛ-4 на фоне относительно низкого уровня ФНО-a, ИЛ-6 и ИЛ-10. Достоверно более высокая концентрация ФНО-a и ИЛ-6 обнаружена у детей со среднетяжелой формой. Максимальные значения ИЛ-6 наблюдались у детей раннего возраста, ИЛ-10 — у детей грудного возраста. При среднетяжелой форме заболевания отмечены отрицательные корреляции ИЛ-4 с количеством лейкоцитов (r = –0,46; p = 0,05) и тромбоцитов (r = –0,48; p < 0,05) в гемограмме. У пациентов раннего возраста выявлены корреляции ФНО-a с относительным количеством палочкоядерных нейтрофилов (r = 0,62; p < 0,01). Отмечена корреляция ИЛ-4 с относительным количеством сегментоядерных нейтрофилов (r = 0,49; p < 0,05). Выявлена связь ФНО-a с тяжестью заболевания (r = 0,42; p < 0,05). Получены данные, позволяющие предположить подавляющее влияние ФНО-a и ИЛ-10 на синтез мочевины и возможную связь ИЛ-6 с реактивными изменениями в печени.Исследования цитокинового баланса при инфекционных геморрагических колитах у детей свидетельствовали о выраженности системной воспалительной реакции с активацией Th-2 иммунного ответа. Установлена корреляция ФНО-a с тяжестью заболевания, что может иметь диагностическое и прогностическое значение

Синдром системного воспаления в патогенезе респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции

The aim of the study was to obtain new biochemical data on the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial viral infection (RSVI) in children.Object and methods: 60 children aged 1 month to 5 years, treated in the clinic of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, from which in 50 patients RNA RSV was isolated in smears from the oropharynx. The comparison group consisted of 10 children who failed to verify RSVI by laboratory methods. All children at admission and before discharge from the hospital (after-7-9 days) underwent a clinical blood test a Sysmex XP-300 hematology analyzer (Japan). Alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-2-macroglobulin were determined in blood serum by quantitative immunoturbidimetry on a biochemical analyzer CLIMA-15 (Spain) using Sentinel test systems (Italy). Determination of the amount of total protein, albumin and C-reactive protein in serum was carried out on an automatic analyzer Taurus (Instrumentation Laboratory, Italy) using reagents of the company «Vector-best» (Russia). The study of protein fractions in blood serum was carried out by capillary electrophoresis on the device Minicap company Sebia (France) with the help of test systems «Minicap Protein(e) 6» of the same manufacturer. The levels of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10) in serum were determined by ELISA on ELISA analyzer «INFINITI» (TECAN, Austria) using reagents firm «Vector-best» (Russia).Results: RSVI occurs with lesions of the lower respiratory tract in 42% of cases, with the development of complications in 44% of sick children. The study revealed a prolonged increase in serum alpha-2 fraction of globulins, immunoregulatory cytokines with pro-inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) action and, which may indicate the presence of subacute inflammatory process associated with the persistence of RS-virus. Lower levels of gamma-globulin fraction, including the main specific and nonspecific immunoglobulins, in children with PCR-proven RSVI, both in the acute period and in the period of convalescence, probably can cause repeated RSV-diseases, as well as an increase in the risk of atopic diseases.Conclusion. The long-term increase in the level of subacute inflammation markers, established in the course of the study, even against the relieve of clinical picture of the disease, makes the question of developing an etiopathogenetic treatment of respiratory syncytial viral infection with the use of drugs with antiviral and anti-inflammatory action relevant.Цель: получение новых клинико-биохимических данных о патогенезе респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции у детей.Материалы и методы: 60 детей в возрасте от 1 месяца до 5 лет, получавших лечение в клинике Детского научно-клинического центра инфекционных болезней, из которых у 50 человек в мазках из ротоглотки выделена РНК РСВ. Группу сравнения составили 10 детей, у которых респираторно-синцитиальная вирусная инфекция не верифицирована лабораторными методами. Всем детям при поступлении и перед выпиской из стационара проведен клинический анализ крови на гематологическом анализаторе Sysmex XP-300 (Япония). В сыворотке крови методом количественной иммунотурбидиметрии на биохимическом анализаторе CLIMA-15 (Испания) с использованием тест-систем фирмы Sentinel (Италия) определяли альфа-1антитрипсин и альфа-2-макроглобулин. Определение количества общего белка, альбумина и С-реактивного белка в сыворотке крови проводили на автоматическом анализаторе Taurus (Instrumentation Laboratory, Италия) с применением реагентов фирмы «Вектор-Бест» (Россия). Исследование белковых фракций в сыворотке крови осуществляли методом капиллярного электрофореза на приборе Minicap фирмы Sebia (Франция) с помощью тест-систем «Minicap Protein(е) 6» той же фирмы-изготовителя. Уровень цитокинов (ИЛ-6, ИЛ-10) в сыворотке крови определяли методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа на иммуноферментном анализаторе «INFINITI» (TECAN, Австрия) с использованием реагентов фирмы «Вектор-Бест» (Россия). Результаты: респираторно-синцитиальная вирусная инфекция протекает с поражением нижних дыхательных путей в 42% случаев, с развитием осложнений – у 44% больных детей. Установлено пролонгированное увеличение в сыворотке крови альфа-2 фракции глобулинов, иммунорегуляторных цитокинов, обладающих провоспалительным (ИЛ-6) и противовоспалительным (ИЛ-10) действием, что может свидетельствовать о наличии подострого воспалительного процесса, ассоциированного с персистенцией РС-вируса. Более низкий уровень гамма-глобулиновой фракции, включающей основные специфические и неспецифические иммуноглобулины, у детей с доказанной методом ПЦР респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекцией, как в остром периоде, так и в периоде реконвалесценции, вероятно, может обусловливать повторные заболевания респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекцией, а также увеличение риска развития атопических заболеваний. Заключение. Установленное в ходе исследования длительное повышение уровня маркеров подострого воспаления даже на фоне купированной клинической картины заболевания делает актуальным вопрос разработки этипатогенетического лечения респираторно-синцитиальной вирусной инфекции с применением препаратов с противовирусным и противовоспалительным действием.

Short-term salivary acetaldehyde increase due to direct exposure to alcoholic beverages as an additional cancer risk factor beyond ethanol metabolism

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An increasing body of evidence now implicates acetaldehyde as a major underlying factor for the carcinogenicity of alcoholic beverages and especially for oesophageal and oral cancer. Acetaldehyde associated with alcohol consumption is regarded as 'carcinogenic to humans' (IARC Group 1), with sufficient evidence available for the oesophagus, head and neck as sites of carcinogenicity. At present, research into the mechanistic aspects of acetaldehyde-related oral cancer has been focused on salivary acetaldehyde that is formed either from ethanol metabolism in the epithelia or from microbial oxidation of ethanol by the oral microflora. This study was conducted to evaluate the role of the acetaldehyde that is found as a component of alcoholic beverages as an additional factor in the aetiology of oral cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Salivary acetaldehyde levels were determined in the context of sensory analysis of different alcoholic beverages (beer, cider, wine, sherry, vodka, calvados, grape marc spirit, tequila, cherry spirit), without swallowing, to exclude systemic ethanol metabolism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The rinsing of the mouth for 30 seconds with an alcoholic beverage is able to increase salivary acetaldehyde above levels previously judged to be carcinogenic in vitro, with levels up to 1000 μM in cases of beverages with extreme acetaldehyde content. In general, the highest salivary acetaldehyde concentration was found in all cases in the saliva 30 sec after using the beverages (average 353 μM). The average concentration then decreased at the 2-min (156 μM), 5-min (76 μM) and 10-min (40 μM) sampling points. The salivary acetaldehyde concentration depends primarily on the direct ingestion of acetaldehyde contained in the beverages at the 30-sec sampling, while the influence of the metabolic formation from ethanol becomes the major factor at the 2-min sampling point.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study offers a plausible mechanism to explain the increased risk for oral cancer associated with high acetaldehyde concentrations in certain beverages.</p

Cholera: Trends in the Development of the Epidemic Process in 2021, Forecast for 2022

The aim of the work was to summarize the results of cholera monitoring in 2021, to assess current trends in the development of the epidemic process, and to predict the epidemiological situation in the Russian Federation for 2022. It was established that within the period of 2012–2021, 4117264 cases of cholera with the spread of infection across 83 countries on all continents were registered in the world and there was a downward trend in the incidence in Asia and Africa. The dynamics of monthly morbidity in 2021 was associated with emergencies as factors of epidemiological risk. Epidemics and outbreaks of cholera were documented against the background of COVID-19 pandemic and laid a double burden on healthcare systems. At the same time, based on the overview of the results of cholera monitoring in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, it was shown that the forecast of epidemic well-being given for 2021 was fully justified. It has been determined that the increase in the number of non-toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae O1 (67) isolated from water bodies compared to 2020 (25) is mainly due to the appurtenance of a number of isolates to clonal complexes. The study of phylogenetic relation has demonstrated that the detection of strains with genotypes which were previously identified in the isolates evidences the persistence potential. The identification of strains with new genotypes, which were earlier established in the strains circulating in other territories, pointed at the possibility of the occasional importations. The forecast of the epidemiological situation on cholera in Russia for 2022 is associated with the continuous existence of risks of introduction. If these epidemiological risks are not realized, a favorable epidemiological situation is predicted regarding this infection in the country. It is expected that the detection of epidemiologically insignificant strains of V. cholerae O1 in environmental water bodies, along with their clones and/or clonal complexes, will remain, including strains that may be an etiological factor in sporadic cases or outbreaks of disease

NEW METHOD TO ESTIMATE POLLUTANTS BALANCE IN MARINE WATER AREA ALLOTTED FOR EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS

Aim. Estimation of pollutants balance at the license area “Severniy” using the operational hydrodynamic model of the Caspian Sea and the data of industrial environmental monitoring.Methods. A new method was used to estimate pollutants balance at the license area based on the data of the hydrodynamic model and environmental monitoring. The indicated method was developed by Caspian Marine Scientific Research Center jointly with Hydrometeorological Centre of Russia in 2015.Results. The pollutants balance was estimated for oil products, heavy metals (copper, lead, cadmium, mercury, cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc and nickel) and the total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It was discovered that from 17 to 20 October 2014 the balance of most pollutants was negative and amounted to less than 1% of the total transport. Pollutants outflow was registered 0-5 and 5-10 m layers, and the inflow was discovered in the layers of 10-15 and 15-20 m.Conclusion. The new approach based on the modified calculation technology of water exchange and pollutants transport has performed well and will make it possible to estimate the balance and flows of pollutants passing through different areas of the Caspian Sea

Spectroscopic studies of compounds containing a P —H bond: 4. Vibrational spectra and conformational multiformity of di- tert-butylphosphorous acid molecules

IR and Raman spectra of liquid di- tert-butylphosphorous acid and its two low-temperature crystalline modifications are studied. It is found that at least three stable conformations of acid molecules can exist in the liquid state. © 1995, Plenum Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved

Spectroscopic studies of compounds containing a P —H bond: 4. Vibrational spectra and conformational multiformity of di- tert-butylphosphorous acid molecules

IR and Raman spectra of liquid di- tert-butylphosphorous acid and its two low-temperature crystalline modifications are studied. It is found that at least three stable conformations of acid molecules can exist in the liquid state. © 1995, Plenum Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved