Use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in learning by undergraduate students at the University of Dar Es Salaam Library in Tanzania

This study was carried out in January, 2019 at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. The low level of application of ICTs in learning processes at some of the academic institutions in Tanzania was a major stimulant for this study. The principal objective was to determine the extent to which ICTs are used for learning by undergraduate students at the University of Dar es Salaam Library. A mixed research approach was employed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from 96 respondents. Whereas qualitative data was collected through using key informant interviews and Focus Groups Discussions qualitative data and analysed using content analysis, quantitative data was collected using questionnaire with both open and closed ended questions which was administered to respondents in face to face interviews and data collected was analyzed using SPSS version 20. The findings revealed that available ICT facilities for learning include internet, audio devices, networked computers, You Tube (audio/visual materials) and mobile phones. The level of utilization of ICT resources is high for majority of the respondents admitted they use ICT resources in learning a large extent. Also, it was revealed that students’ low level of search skills is a major challenge in using ICTs effectively in learning. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that computers are the major ICT facilities available at UDSM Library. The incompetence of undergraduate students in accessing information constrains effective use and application of ICT in learning. It is recommended that the University of Dar es Salaam Library should continue to train students and teaching staff in information literacy skills, increase bandwidth, and avail students with laptops, printers and data analysis programs. Also, The University of Dar es Salaam should deliberately incorporate ICTs in learning processes to ensure effective use of ICTS

The effectiveness of library information literacy instructions given to undergraduate students at the University of Dar es Salaam

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of library information literacy instructions offered at the University of Dar es Salaam. The study population consisted of undergraduate students and library staff at the Mwalimu Nyerere Campus. The study employed a mixed methods approach under which a survey design was used to collect data with the use of questionnaire, observation, and interviews methods. Whereas quantitative data were processed through Microsoft Excel program to simplify analysis, qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The key findings of the study indicate that the library’s information literacy instructions had moderately impact on majority of respondents’ ability to articulate and locate information they require, use information ethically, and evaluate online information for credibility. Based on these findings, respondents recommend extension of library opening hours, integrating information literacy in the university’s curricula, increasing the number of  computers, and deploying more library staff to oversee information literacy instruction. Keywords: Information competence, Information literacy, User satisfaction, UDSM Library, Undergraduate students

Users’ awareness and satisfaction with the biodiversity information in Dar Es Salaam, Iringa and Morogoro regions.

This article examines the users’ awareness and satisfaction with biodiversity information that was being provided by their respective information systems. The study was conducted among biodiversity databases user communities in Tanga, Morogoro, Dar es Salaam and Coast regions of Tanzania. Mixed research design was used in which techniques such as questionnaires, observation, interviews and focus groups’ discussions were employed to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. The key findings indicate that the majority of the respondents were not aware of the existence of biodiversity information in their institutions. The respondents who seemed to be aware of its existence opined that biodiversity information which was being dispensed by their information systems was relevant but not updated and adequate for planning and decision-making. The article incorporates some recommendations on how the situation may be improved to enhance access and use of the biodiversity information in Tanzania

Formulasi Gel Ekstrak Daun Sasaladahan (Peperomia Pellucida (L.) H.b.k) Dan Uji Efektivitasnya Terhadap Luka Bakar Pada Kelinci (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)

Sasaladahan contains saponin, tannin, alkaloid, calcium oxalate, fat, essential oil, flavonoid,steroid, triterpenoid and carbohydrate. Saponin can stimulate the formation of collagen, whiletannin and flavonoid have activity as antiseptic and antibacterial. The aims of this researchwere to determine the quality of Sasaladahan leaves extract gel (Peperomia pellucida (L.)HBK) by varying the concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% and its effect on the healing of burnwound. The quality of gel was test with organoleptic test, homogenity, pH, spreadability andconsistency. The effectiveness test of the gel performed on 5 rabbits were divided into 5treatment groups where each rabbit made 3 burn wound using a hot metal plate with diameterof 20 mm. The first rabbit was given sasaladahan gel with a concentration of 5%, 2nd rabbitgiven sasaladahan gel with a concentration of 10%, 3rd rabbit given sasaladahan gel with aconcentration of 15%, 4th rabbit given a positive control and 5th rabbit given a negativecontrol. The wound diameter be measured every day until day 7. Data were statisticallyanalyzed using One Way Anova. The results show Sasaladahan gel with concentration of 5%,10% and 15% fulfilled the parameter evaluation of organoleptic test, homogenity, pH andconsistency while the results of spreadability test are not yet fulfilled the parameter of a goodspreadability (5-7 cm). The result of the effectiveness test of Sasaladahan leaves extract gelshow sasaladahan leaves extract gel with concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% have thehealing effect on burn wound

FORMULASI SEDIAAN OBAT KUMUR EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI PINANG (Areca catechu L.)

ABSTRACTAreca Nut (Areca catechu L.) is a plant that contains many active compounds, one of them is alkaloid compound that has efficacy as an antifungal. This study aimed to formulate a mouthwash of areca nut ethanol extract that was physically good and to test the antifungal activity of the mouthwash of areca nut ethanol with concentrations 5%, 7,5%, 10% and 15% against the Candida albicans The conclusion were the ethanol extract of Areca nut could be formulated into a mouthwash preparation that was physically good and had the most significant antifungal activity at 15% concentration (F4) with a diameter of 25,4 mm.Keywords: areca nut (Areca catechu L.), mouthwash, antifungal.ABSTRAKPinang (Areca catechu L.) merupakan tanaman yang mengandung banyak senyawa aktif, salah satunya senyawa alkaloid yang berkhasiat sebagai antijamur. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memformulasikan obat kumur ekstrak etanol biji pinang yang baik secara fisik dan menguji Aktivitas Antijamur Obat Kumur Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pinang dengan konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, 10% dan 15% terhadap jamur Candida albicans. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak etanol biji pinang dapat diformulasikan menjadi sediaan obat kumur yang baik secara fisik dan memiliki aktivitas antijamur paling nyata yaitu pada konsentrasi (F4) dengan diameter 25,4 mm.Kata kunci: pinang (Areca catechu L.), obat kumur, antijamu

Penentuan Nilai Sun Protective Factor (SPF) Secara in Vitro Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Alpukat

Peel of avocado (Persea americana Mill) contain efficacious compounds as an antioxydant.This studyhave purpose to determinethe value of Sun Protective Factor (SPF) of sunscreenfrom avocado's peel extract (Persea americana Mill) with aconcentration of5%, 7.5% and10%. In the determination of in vitro SPF valuesusing a spectrophotometer produce SPFvalues obtainedat a concentration of 5% is 3.99, 7.5% is 5.88,10% is 6.81. This study provesthat the use of this creamis notefficaciousas a sunscreen because the value result of SPF notexceed the minimal limit of good sunscreen SPF, that is 15

Photoluminescence spectroscopy of bandgap reduction in dilute InNAs alloys

Photoluminescence (PL) has been observed from dilute InNxAs1–x epilayers grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The PL spectra unambiguously show band gap reduction with increasing N content. The variation of the PL spectra with temperature is indicative of carrier detrapping from localized to extended states as the temperature is increased. The redshift of the free exciton PL peak with increasing N content and temperature is reproduced by the band anticrossing model, implemented via a (5×5) k·p Hamiltonian

Auger recombination suppression and band alignment in GaAsBi/GaAs heterostructures

Using a combination of experimental and theoretical techniques we present the dependence of the bandgap Eg and the spin orbit splitting energy so, with Bi concentration in GaAsBi/GaAs samples. We find that the concentration at which so,> Eg occurs at 9%. Both spectroscopic as well as first device results indicate a type I alignment

Tritium experience in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

Tritium management is a key enabling element in fusion technology. Tritium fuel was used in 3.5 years of successful deuterium-tritium (D-T) operations in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) at the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory. The D-T campaign enabled TFTR to explore the transport, alpha physics, and MHD stability of a reactor core. It also provided experience with tritium retention and removal that highlighted the importance of these issues in future D-T machines. In this paper, the authors summarize the tritium retention and removal experience in TFTR and its implications for future reactors