Comparison of Partial Floras of Communication: Tape Habitats in the Cities of the Southern Part of Udmurtia

The purpose of this study is to establish the similarities and differences between the combined partial flora of railways and highways in the cities of the southern half of Udmurtia. Studies were accomplished by the partial floras and route methods. The combined partial flora of railways contains the greatest number of species – 648.Adventive species comprise 61% of the total. As such, the abundance of the flora of railways depends on the presence of pathways of alien species (Mozhga – 485 species, Kambarka – 439, Votkinsk – 300). The flora of the city roads is represented by 512 species. The greatest variety of flora is found in the partial flora of the Kambarka highways (376 species): There are less in Votkinsk and Mozhga (348 and 350 species, respectively). The aboriginal portion (199 species, 53%) makes a significant contribution to the diversity of the partial flora of the Kambarka highways. This is due to the peculiarities of the physiographic and administrative characteristics of the cities. Keywords: partial flora, communication-tape habitats, urban flora, flora of the Udmurt Republic, invasive plant

Twisted speckle entities inside wavefront reversal mirrors

The previously unknown property of the optical speckle pattern reported. The interference of a speckle with an oppositely moving phase-conjugated speckle wave produces a randomly distributed ensemble of a twisted entities (ropes) surrounding optical vortex lines. These entities appear in a wide range of randomly chosen speckle parameters inside the phase-conjugating mirrors regardless to an internal physical mechanism of the wavefront reversal. These numerically generated interference patterns are relevant to a Brillouin $\bf PC$-mirrors and to a four-wave mixing $\bf PC$-mirrors based upon laser trapped ultracold atomic cloud.Comment: 4 pages,3 figures, Accepted to Physical Review

Crystallization and Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Studies on the DNA-Binding Domain of the Multidrug Transporter Activation Protein (MtaN) from Bacillus subtilis

The N-terminal DNA-binding domain of the multidrug transporter activation protein (MtaN) was crystallized by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method using lithium chloride as a precipitant. The crystals are orthorhombic and belong to the space group I212121, with unit-cell parameters a = 49.4, b = 67.8, c = 115.0 Å. Diffraction data have been collected at 100 K to 2.75 Å resolution at a synchrotron-radiation source

Electron detachment from negative ions in bichromatic laser field

Negative ion detachment in two-colour laser field is considered within the recent modification of Keldysh model which makes it quantitatively reliable. The general approach is illustrated by calculation of angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates for H$^-$ ion in bichromatic field with 1:2 frequency ratio. Both perturbative and strong field regimes are examined. Polar asymmetry and phase effects are quantitatively characterized with some new features revealed. Phase effects are found to result in a huge anisotropy factor $\sim 10^3$ in the electron angular distribution in the perturbative regime.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figures in separate files which are not incorporated in the latex file of the pape

Crystal Structure of MtaN, a Global Multidrug Transporter Gene Activator

MtaN (Multidrug Transporter Activation, N terminus) is a constitutive, transcriptionally active 109-residue truncation mutant, which contains only the N-terminal DNA-binding and dimerization domains of MerR family member Mta. The 2.75 Å resolution crystal structure of apo-MtaN reveals a winged helix-turn-helix protein with a protruding 8-turn helix (α5) that is involved in dimerization by the formation of an antiparallel coiled-coil. The hydrophobic core and helices α1 through α4 are structurally homologous to MerR family member BmrR bound to DNA, whereas one wing (Wing 1) is shifted. Differences between the orientation of α5 with respect to the core and the revolution of the antiparallel coiled-coil lead to significantly altered conformations of MtaN and BmrR dimers. These shifts result in a conformation of MtaN that appears to be incompatible with the transcription activation mechanism of BmrR and suggest that additional DNA-induced structural changes are necessary

Creation, doubling, and splitting, of vortices in intracavity second harmonic generation

We demonstrate generation and frequency doubling of unit charge vortices in a linear astigmatic resonator. Topological instability of the double charge harmonic vortices leads to well separated vortex cores that are shown to rotate, and become anisotropic, as the resonator is tuned across resonance

Specifics of computer discourse translation from English into Russian

Relevance of the problem under study is caused by need of further development of science and technology in Russia and abroad and it inevitably puts on the agenda the issue of information exchange in the field of scientific and technological achievements. This article is directed on identification and analysis of main features of translation of lexical and grammatical phenomena of computer discourse. The leading approaches to research of this problem are logical and gnosiological analysis, method of actualization, selection, systematization and generalization with analysis of the specifics of lexical-grammatical phenomena of computer discourse point of translation studies. The main results of the study are that the concept of computer discourse and the characteristics of technical translation were analyzed; specificity of computer terminology translation was revealed; lexical and grammatical phenomena of computer discourse in terms of the theory of translation were investigated. The article may be useful for IT teachers when preparing teaching aids and manuals on languages, seminars and special courses on English in the field of information technology and dictionaries of the English and Russian languages.Key words: language, translation, text, linguistics, introduction, computer, discourse, minority, terminology, semantics, grammar

Polarization-dependent transformation of a paraxial beam upon reflection and refraction: a real-space approach

We analyze the paraxial beam transformation upon reflection and refraction at a plane boundary. In contrast to the usual approach dealing with the beam angular spectrum, we apply the continuity conditions to explicit spatial representations of the electric and magnetic fields on both sides of the boundary. It is shown that the polarization-dependent distortions of the beam trajectory (in particular, the "longitudinal" Goos-H\"anchen shift and the "lateral" Imbert-Fedorov shift of the beam center of gravity) are directly connected to the incident beam longitudinal component and appear due to its transformation at the boundary.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure. Formulae (32), (33), footnote 2 and Ref. 27 are added, some sentences are correcte

Adiabatic Theory of Electron Detachment from Negative Ions in Two-Color Laser Field

Negative ion detachment in bichromatic laser field is considered within the adiabatic theory. The latter represents a recent modification of the famous Keldysh model for multiphoton ionization which makes it quantitatively reliable. We calculate angular differential detachment rates, partial rates for particular ATD (Above Threshold Detachment) channels and total detachment rates for the Hydrogen ion in a bichromatic field with 1:3 frequency ratio and various phase differences. Reliability of the present, extremely simple approach is testified by comparison with much more elaborate earlier calculations.Comment: 22 pages, 6 Postscript figure