ALADIN is Required for the Production of Fertile Mouse Oocytes

Asymmetric cell divisions depend on the precise placement of the spindle apparatus. In mammalian oocytes, spindles assemble close to the cell's center, but chromosome segregation takes place at the cell periphery where half of the chromosomes are expelled into small, nondeveloping polar bodies at anaphase. By dividing so asymmetrically, most of the cytoplasmic content within the oocyte is preserved, which is critical for successful fertilization and early development. Recently we determined that the nucleoporin ALADIN participates in spindle assembly in somatic cells, and we have also shown that female mice homozygously null for ALADIN are sterile. In this study we show that this protein is involved in specific meiotic stages, including meiotic resumption, spindle assembly, and spindle positioning. In the absence of ALADIN, polar body extrusion is compromised due to problems in spindle orientation and anchoring at the first meiotic anaphase. ALADIN null oocytes that mature far enough to be fertilized in vitro are unable to support embryonic development beyond the two-cell stage. Overall, we find that ALADIN is critical for oocyte maturation and appears to be far more essential for this process than for somatic cell divisions

Influence de la température sur le taux de pulvérisation de cibles de silicium et germanium

Si and Ge single crystal targets were bombarded with high doses of 40 keV Ar+ ions ( > 10^17 ions/cm2). The variation of the sputtering yield S as function of the target temperature (50-500°C) has been studied. The measurements of S lead to a determination of the annealing temperature (~ 350 °C for Ge and ≳ 400 °C for Si). The sputtering yields of perfect single-crystal Ge targets have been measured.Nous avons étudié, en fonction de la température (50-500°C) la variation du taux de pulvérisation S de cibles monocristallines de Si et de Ge, bombardées par de fortes doses ( > 10^17 ions/cm2) d'ions Ar + ayant une énergie de 40 keV. Ces mesures de S ont permis de déterminer les conditions de température des cibles dans lesquelles on ne perturbe pas la structure du réseau cristallin (~ 350 °C pour le Ge et ≳ 400°C pour le Si). Nous avons déterminé également les taux de pulvérisation caractéristiques des monocristaux parfaits de Ge

Le concept de complémentarité gémellaire. L'analyse clinique des dessins d'un couple de jumeaux

Cambier Anne, Bernard N., Colombie M. Le concept de complémentarité gémellaire. L'analyse clinique des dessins d'un couple de jumeaux. In: Bulletin de psychologie, tome 38 n°369, 1985. Le dessin. pp. 187-198

First results of molecular imaging (FDG and FES) in prospective study for selecting second line hormonotherapy in estrogen receptors positive metastatic breast cancer patients

International audienceAim/Introduction: About 70% of primitive breast cancers had positive estrogen receptors (ER) and may benefit from hormonotherapy. However, ER expression in breast cancer metastases is heterogeneous and about 15% of metastases lost this expression over time. Biopsies were not possible systematically. 16α-18Fluoro-17β-Oestradiol (18FES) is a radiopharmaceutical which predict the response to the first line hormonotherapy. The aim of this prospective study (NCT03442504) was to determine the predictive value of PET at the patient level, before a second line hormonotherapy (2nd- HT) on the FDG response obtained at 6 weeks of treatment. Materials and Methods: We prospectively included 12 ER+ metastatic breast cancer patients, HER2 negative, in progression despite first line hormonotherapy. For the complete study, 60 patients will be included. Due to 2nd-HT proposed by oncologist, we performed 18FES PET-CT (18FES-BL) and 18FDG PET-CT (18FDG-BL) at baseline in the month before the new treatment introduction. Follow-up with 18FDG PET-CT and C

68Ga-PSMA-11 PET-CT study in prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence and non-contributive 18F-Choline PET-CT : impact on therapeutic decision-making and biomarker changes

International audienceAim/Introduction: The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT on current management of recurrence prostate cancer patients with negative PET/CT F-Choline. Materials and Methods: Eightynine patients with previously negative 18F-Choline (FCH) were enrolled (PSA from 0.28 to 24.6 ng/mL). PET images were recorded 1 hour after injection of 150 MBq of 68Ga-PSMA. Referring patient physician was asked about the care before and after PSMA PET imaging to determine the influence of PSMA results on therapeutic strategy. Six months after the end of treatment, a PSA assay was requested to evaluate therapeutic efficacy. Results: Sixty-nine among the 89 patients (77,5%) had a positive PSMA PET/CT. Detection rates were 85.6% and 89.4% for serum PSA levels lower than 2 ng/ml, and > 2 ng/ml, respectively. Three hundred and one lesions were detected: 235/301 in lymph nodes (78.1%), 38/301 as metastatic sites (bone, mostly on axial skeleton, or lung) (12.6%) and 28/301 in the prostate bed (9.3%). The majority of lesions were detected in lymph nodes: in particular with 71.5% pelvic nodes, on the other hand with 17.9% of para-aortic nodes and 10.6% with sus diaphragmatic location. For the para-aortic and subdiaphragmatic node locations, initial surgical management associated with pelvic salvage radiotherapy were the most common initial management which could explain the frequently supra-pelvic node recurrence. The median number of lesions per patient was 2 [ranging from 0 to 67]. No particularity of the PSA serum level, doubling time or PSA velocity at the time of PSMA PET-CT could explain why 68Ga-PSMA PET-CT was unable to detect any suspicious tumor lesions in 20 patients. Thanks to PSMA PET/CT, therapeutic management changed in 59/69 patients (84.9%). With a follow-up of 5.7 ± 1.8 months, 62/89 (69.6%) PSA assays after treatment guided by PSMA PET-CT were collected. For 43.5% (27/62) of patients, the serum PSA level was lower than 0.2 ng/mL and a total PSA decrease of over 50% in 35 (56.5%) patients was obtained. Conclusion: Performing a PSMA PET-CT when FCH PET-CT was negative allows the recurrence localization in more 80% of patients and this had a major clinical impact, as it resulted in treatment change in more than 80% of patients as well as a significant decrease in PSA levels in more than 55% of them. References: None