Synthesis and characterization of functional copolymer/organo-silicate nanoarchitectures through interlamellar complex-radical (co)terpolymerization

The functional copolymers, having a combination of rigid/flexible linkages and an ability of complex-formation with interlayered surface of organo-silicate, and their nanocomposites have been synthesized by interlamellar complex-radical (co)terpolymerization of intercalated monomer complexes of maleic anhydride (MA) and itaconic acid (IA) with dimethyl dodecylamine surface modified montmorillonite (organo-MMT) (MA. DMDA-MMT and IA...DMDA-MMT) n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) and/or BMA/styrene monomer mixtures. The results of nanocomposite structure-composition-property relationship studies indicate that interlamellar complex-formation between anhydride/acid units and surface alkyl amine and rigid/flexible linkage balance in polymer chains are important factors providing the effective intercalation/exfoliation of the polymer chains into the silicate galleries, the formation of nanostructural hybrids with higher thermal stability, dynamic mechanical behaviour and well dispersed morphology.WoSScopu

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. spiro- and crypta-phosphazene derivatives: synthesis and spectral investigations. Structure of butane-N,N '-bis(1,4-oxybenzyl)-spiro(propane-1,3-diamino) tetrachlorocyclo-2 lambda(5), 4 lambda(5), 6 lambda(5),-triphosphazatriene. Part VII

Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; Asmafiliz, Nuran/0000-0002-9335-4101WOS: 000222521900015The condensation reactions between trimer, N3P3Cl6, and diamines, 2 and 4 and {1-{N-[1-(2-hydroxynaphthylmethyl)aminomethylidene]}-2(1H)-naphthalenone, 3, yielded the new spiro-cyclic- (5 and 8) and the novel spiro-phosphazene (7) derivatives, respectively. The fully substituted phosphazene (6) was also obtained from the reaction of 5 with the excess of pyrrolidine. Compounds (4-8) have been characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, H-1-, C-13-, P-31-NMR, HETCOR, COSY and MS. The structure of crypta-phosphazene, 8, has been examined crystallographically. Compound 8 is the first example of the crypta-phosphazene derivatives. The P-31-NMR spectra of compounds 7 and 8 indicate that, both of the compounds have anisochronism because of the stereogenic centers. The pyramidal geometry of two spiro-cyclic nitrogen atoms in compound 8, gives rise to stereogenic property. The sums of the bond angles around N-4 and N-5 nitrogens are 350.6(2) and 349.6(3)degrees, respectively. Compound 8 crystallizes in the triclinic space group P (1) over bar with a = 8.798(3), b = 10.498(3) and c = 15.689(4) Angstrom; alpha = 91.35(2), beta = 103.39(4) and gamma = 102.88(4)degrees; V = 1369.9(7) Angstrom(3), Z = 2 and D-x = 1.491 g cm(-3). It consists of a non-centrosymmetric, non-planar phosphazene ring with a bulky dibenzo-diazacrown etheric side group. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

THE ALTERATION OF THE ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Objective: Antibiotic resistance is an important problem for the treatment of P aeruginosa infections. The aim of this study is to determine the alteration of the infection rates and antibiotic sensitivity of hospital-acquired P. auruginosa strains throughout the years and to evaluate the empirical treatment options.Material and Method: This study was performed in all patients hospitalized between 2004 and 2006. The antibiotic sensitivity of P aeruginosa isolated by classical methods was determined according to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results: In the study period, 228 P aeruginosa strains were evaluated. The hospital infection rate of P aeruginosa was found to be 0.3%, 0.9% and 0.9% among the years of 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively Amikacin was found the most sensitive aminoglycoside, and beta-lactam antibiotic sensitivity decreased between the years. Multidrug resistance for P aeruginosa was increased from 9.3% to 15.3%.Conclusions: We suggest that amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem should be the first antibiotics choices for empirical treatment of pseudomonas infections due to the fact, multidrug resistance is a increasing by years and can be eliminated by the restriction of inappropriate antibiotic treatment

THE ALTERATION OF THE ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

Objective: Antibiotic resistance is an important problem for the treatment of P aeruginosa infections. The aim of this study is to determine the alteration of the infection rates and antibiotic sensitivity of hospital-acquired P. auruginosa strains throughout the years and to evaluate the empirical treatment options.Material and Method: This study was performed in all patients hospitalized between 2004 and 2006. The antibiotic sensitivity of P aeruginosa isolated by classical methods was determined according to the criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute.Results: In the study period, 228 P aeruginosa strains were evaluated. The hospital infection rate of P aeruginosa was found to be 0.3%, 0.9% and 0.9% among the years of 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively Amikacin was found the most sensitive aminoglycoside, and beta-lactam antibiotic sensitivity decreased between the years. Multidrug resistance for P aeruginosa was increased from 9.3% to 15.3%.Conclusions: We suggest that amikacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and imipenem should be the first antibiotics choices for empirical treatment of pseudomonas infections due to the fact, multidrug resistance is a increasing by years and can be eliminated by the restriction of inappropriate antibiotic treatment

baumannii meningitis with high dose ampicillin-sulbactam

Acinetobacter baumannii is an important pathogen which causes severe nosocomial infections such as meningitis. Multidrug resistance is a growing problem throughout the world. In this report a case of multidrug resistant A.baumannii meningitis, treated with high dose of ampicillin-sulbactam (SAM) was presented. Rhinorrhea and confusion developed on the postoperative seventh day in a 67 years old male patient operated for macroadenoma of the hyphophysis gland. Since the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings indicated a central nervous system infection, nosocomial meningitis was diagnosed and intravenous ceftazidime and vancomycin have started. Blood and CSF cultures of the patient revealed no growth and his general condition has improved. However, fever and confusion emerged again on the 21st day of therapy and the repeat CSF sample revealed increased pressure, purulent appearance, 510/mm(3) leukocytes (90% PMNL), 58 mg/dI glucose (simultaneous blood glucose was 144 mg/dI) and 49 mg/dI protein. Direct microscopic examination of CSF revealed gram-negative coccobacilli and A.baumannii was identified in the culture. The isolate was resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam, third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, carbapenems and aminoglycosides, susceptible to sulbactam ampicillin and colistin. Ampicillin (12 gr) and sulbactam (6 gr) treatment was initiated and at the 72nd hour of the therapy the temperature and conciousness level of the patient returned to normal. Control CSF sample obtained on the 14th day of treatment revealed no leukocytes and no bacterial growth. The treatment was continued for 21 days and the patient recovered without any sequela. Since colistin which is one of the alternative antimicrobial treatment choices for resistant Acinetobacter infections, is not found in Turkey, sulbactam-ampicillin might be an effective and safe choice for the treatment of multi-resistant A.baumannii meningitis if the isolate was proven to be susceptible by antibiotic susceptibility tests

Prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a diabetic outpatient population: A prospective cohort study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection. We attempted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization in a population of outpatients with diabetes. Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with diabetes. Anterior nares cultures were obtained from patients with diabetes admitted to outpatient endocrinology and metabolism clinics, and risk factors for MRSA colonization were analyzed. Results: Out of the 304 patients evaluated, 127 (41.9%) were colonized with S aureus and 30 (9.9%) were colonized with MRSA. Overall, 23.6% of all S aureus isolates were MRSA. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with an increased risk of MRSA colonization included the presence of connective tissue disease (odds ratio, 7.075; 95% confidence interval, 2.157-23.209; P =.001) and insulin therapy (odds ratio, 3.910; 95% confidence interval, 1.652-9.251; P =.002). Conclusions: The prevalence of MRSA colonization in our sample of diabetic outpatients was 9.9%. Independent risk factors for MRSA colonization were the presence of connective tissue disease and insulin use. A better understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for nasal MRSA colonization in the persons with diabetes may have significant implications for the treatment and prevention of MRSA infections. © 2012 by the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Prevalence and risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in a diabetic outpatient population: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection. We attempted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization in a population of outpatients with diabetes. METHODS: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients with diabetes. Anterior nares cultures were obtained from patients with diabetes admitted to outpatient endocrinology and metabolism clinics, and risk factors for MRSA colonization were analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 304 patients evaluated, 127 (41.9%) were colonized with S aureus and 30 (9.9%) were colonized with MRSA. Overall, 23.6% of all S aureus isolates were MRSA. In multivariate analysis, factors independently associated with an increased risk of MRSA colonization included the presence of connective tissue disease (odds ratio, 7.075; 95% confidence interval, 2.157-23.209; P = .001) and insulin therapy (odds ratio, 3.910; 95% confidence interval, 1.652-9.251; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of MRSA colonization in our sample of diabetic outpatients was 9.9%. Independent risk factors for MRSA colonization were the presence of connective tissue disease and insulin use. A better understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for nasal MRSA colonization in the persons with diabetes may have significant implications for the treatment and prevention of MRSA infections