Receita pública e bem-estar social nos municípios mineiros emancipados no período de 1988 a 1997

O movimento de descentralizações política, administrativa e fiscal intensificado a partir de 1988 tinha como objetivo promover a transferência de poder, recursos e atribuições para os governos locais. Além disso, esse fenômeno impulsionou o processo de emancipação municipal com o intuito de aproximar o poder público da sociedade, promovendo a melhoria da prestação de serviços. Este estudo apresenta a análise das receitas públicas e do bem-estar social dos municípios mineiros emancipados no período de 1988 a 1997. Para tanto, utilizaram-se testes de médias no intuito de comparar o desempenho dos municípios emancipados com o desempenho de seus municípios de origem. Como conclusão, verificou-se que os novos municípios são beneficiados com as transferências governamentais e possuem a mesma capacidade de arrecadação tributária dos seus municípios de origem. Não obstante, isso não permitiu que os citados municípios apresentassem nível de bem-estar superior em relação aos municípios de origem, assim como maior eficiência na gestão desses recursos, uma vez que estão mais próximos dos usuários

Effects of catecholamines and purines on luminescence in the brittlestar Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata).

The effects of catecholamines (dopamine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and its derivatives), 5-hydroxytryptamine and purines (adenosine, ATP and their derivatives) on the acetylcholine-induced luminescence of isolated arms and dissociated photocytes of the luminescent ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata were tested. The results showed that catecholamines and 5-hydroxytryptamine (10(-)(5) to 10(-)(3 )mol l(-)(1)) had a strong dose-dependent inhibitory effect on acetylcholine-induced luminescence. In contrast, purines (10(-)(4) and 10(-)(3 )mol l(-)(1)) triggered luminescence in the absence of acetylcholine and/or potentiated acetylcholine-induced luminescence. The results with specific purinergic agonists and antagonists indicated the involvement of P(1)- and P(2)-like purinoceptors in the control of luminescence. Our study suggests that, in addition to the previously described cholinergic system in Amphipholis squamata, there may be a purinergic system, acting in synergy with acetylcholine, and an inhibitory neuromodulatory catecholaminergic system, all associated with the control of luminescence

Characterization of acetylcholine-induced luminescence in Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata : Ophiuroidea)

Amphipholis squamata is a luminescent polychromatic ophiuroid species. The population from Normandy (France) exhibits six different coloration patterns (orange, beige, dark brown, grey, spotted and black). Each variety of ophiuroid exhibits a different pattern and intensity of luminescence as induced by acetylcholine. The luminescence of dark brown and of black specimens was investigated over six months. A significantly higher intensity of luminescence was observed in February for both varieties

Involvement of cyclic nucleotides and IP₃ in the regulation of luminescence in the brittlestar <i>Amphipholis squamata</i> (Echinodermata)

We investigated the effects of cyclic nucleotides (cGMP, cAMP) and the phosphoinositide IP3 on the luminescence of the ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata. The cGMP analogue, dibutyryl-cGMP, and the guanylate cyclase activator, sodium nitroprusside, had no effect on the luminescence. The cAMP analogue, dibutyryl-cAMP, and the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, triggered luminescence. Moreover, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, MDL-12330A, significantly reduced ACh-induced luminescence. The phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122, also significantly reduced ACh-induced luminescence. The results suggest that ACh-induced luminescence is mediated by both cAMP and IP3 pathways but not by cGMP. The effects of calcium-free ASW confirmed this hypothesis. A hypothetical scheme of the transduction mechanisms involved in the intracellular control of luminescence is presented

Involvement of cyclic nucleotides and IP(3) in the regulation of luminescence in the brittlestar Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata).

We investigated the effects of cyclic nucleotides (cGMP, cAMP) and the phosphoinositide IP(3) on the luminescence of the ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata. The cGMP analogue, dibutyryl-cGMP, and the guanylate cyclase activator, sodium nitroprusside, had no effect on the luminescence. The cAMP analogue, dibutyryl-cAMP, and the adenylate cyclase activator, forskolin, triggered luminescence. Moreover, the adenylate cyclase inhibitor, MDL-12330A, significantly reduced ACh-induced luminescence. The phospholipase C inhibitor, U-73122, also significantly reduced ACh-induced luminescence. The results suggest that ACh-induced luminescence is mediated by both cAMP and IP(3) pathways but not by cGMP. The effects of calcium-free ASW confirmed this hypothesis. A hypothetical scheme of the transduction mechanisms involved in the intracellular control of luminescence is presented

Transport mechanisms of the imino acid L-proline in the human intestinal epithelial caco-2 cell line.

The intestinal transport of L-proline (L-Pro) has been investigated in various animal species with the use of different tissue preparations. Because major qualitative differences have been observed among the species, it is difficult to extent the results obtained with animal models to humans. In addition, studies on human tissue are lacking because of difficulties in obtaining material for experiments. To characterize the mechanisms involved in the intestinal absorption of L-Pro in humans, the transport of this nonessential imino acid was studied in monolayers of human intestinal Caco-2 cells that were cultivated on microporous membranes. In this model, L-Pro was transported selectively in the apical (AP)-to-basolateral (BL) direction. This transport was significantly reduced by metabolic inhibitors and by an incubation at 4 degrees C; it was Na(+) dependent and showed competition with (methylamino)-alpha-isobutyric acid and L-hydroxyproline. By contrast, transport in the BL-to-AP direction resulted to a large extent from passive movement (paracellular passage and transcellular diffusion). L-Pro accumulation by Caco-2 cells was significantly greater from the AP pole than from the BL pole. About 30-50% of the accumulated molecules were incorporated into newly synthesized proteins in a process inhibited by cycloheximide, whereas the remainder were extensively metabolized into non-amino acid compounds. L-Pro accumulations from the AP and BL poles were both Na(+) dependent, but they exhibited different characteristics. AP accumulation was inhibited by competition with (methylamino)-alpha-isobutyric acid, L-hydroxyproline and, to a lesser extent, D-Pro, whereas BL accumulation was inhibited by competition with L-hydroxyproline, (methylamino)-alpha-isobutyric acid, alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, L-histidine and small neutral amino acids. The results indicate that AP-to-BL transport and AP accumulation of L-Pro exhibited very different characteristics than BL-to-AP transport and BL accumulation

Localization of S1- and S2-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of the brittle star Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje 1828).

The recent isolation and characterization of the SALMFanide neuropeptides S1 GFNSALMFamide; and S2 (SGPYSFNSGLTFamide) from the sea stars. Asterias rubens and Asterias forbesi have initiated numerous studies on their morphological localization and distribution within the phylum Echinodermata. It has been shown by immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay that these peptides are widely distributed in the nervous system of some asteroids, echinoids and ophiuroids. A physiological approach has also shown that S1 and S2 potentiate the luminescence of the small ophiuroid Amphipholis squamata. In the present study. S1- and S2-like immunoreactivity have been localized in A. squamata by immunocytochemistry on both wholemount preparation and histological sections. The results reveal a widespread neuronal distribution of S1-like immunoreactivity in the circumoral ring, radial nerve cord, and tube feet. S1-like immunoreactivity was found to be associated with axons and cell bodies in both the ectoneural and hyponeural components of the nervous. S2-like immunoreactivity was detected only in the ectoneural plenus of the circumoral ring and radial nerve cord