Comparative Study of Selected Physical Components of Male Boxers, Wrestlers and Judokas

Most of the skill performances and execution of techniques in the sports such as boxing, wrestling and judo were based on the basic fitness components. The purpose of the study was to determine the existence of statistically significant difference on selected fitness components (speed, agility, power, flexibility and endurance) among boxers wrestlers and judokas. For this purpose, ninety sportsmen (30 boxers, 30 wrestlers, and 30 judokas) were selected. Their age ranged between 18 to 23 years. The selected variables were assessed using 50 metres dash, shuttle run, jump and reach, sit and reach, and Harward step test. The data was analyzed by applying ANOVA and Scheffe S post hoc test. The result showed that there were significant difference in all the selected physical fitness components among boxers, wrestlers and judokas. The boxers showed a better capability in speed, agility and power, while the wrestlers were better in endurance and the judokas with greater flexibility

Study on the Influence of Rapid Prototyping Parameters on Product Quality in 3D Printing

This work aims at evaluating the relative significance of the input parameters on the product quality produced by Z510 3DP rapid fabricator. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array was employed to investigate the possible process parameters including binder setting saturation value (shell & core), layer thickness, and build orientation. Using a surface profilometer and CMM, a series of measurements in evaluating the 3DP products surface finish and dimensional accuracy has been carried out. Nonlinear regression model was developed and a statistical analysis was done to determine the significant factors affecting the product quality of the fabricated products. Optimal process parameter settings were proposed using Particle Swarm Optimization technique. The results were validated by conducting the confirmatory experiments.Mechanical Engineerin

Bubble Induced Disruption of a Planar Solid-Liquid Interface During Controlled Directional Solidification in a Microgravity Environment

Pore Formation and Mobility Investigation (PFMI) experiments were conducted in the microgravity environment aboard the International Space Station with the intent of better understanding the role entrained porosity/bubbles play during controlled directional solidification. The planar interface in a slowing growing succinonitrile - 0.24 wt% water alloy was being observed when a nitrogen bubble traversed the mushy zone and remained at the solid-liquid interface. Breakdown of the interface to shallow cells subsequently occurred, and was later evaluated using down-linked data from a nearby thermocouple. These results and other detrimental effects due to the presence of bubbles during solidification processing in a microgravity environment are presented and discussed

Effect of addition of SiC particles on the Microstructure and Hardness of Al-SiC composite

This work aims to investigate the effect of the addition of silicon carbide particles on the microstructure and the hardness of the Al-SiC metal matrix composites. The said composite is prepared using the stir casting technique for different weight percentages of the SiC particles. The higher composition of the reinforcement causes the clustering of the particles in the matrix. Thus, research has to be carried out on the aluminum-silicon carbide composites with the reinforcement 3wt%, 6wt%, 9wt%, and 12wt% of SiC particles to obtain the optimized composition. In order to study the microstructure and the reinforcement distribution in the matrix, a scanning electron microscope is utilized. The hardness testing has been carried out using the Vickers’ indentation technique for the as-cast and age hardening conditions. From the microstructural study, it is observed that the microstructure of the said composite exhibits the uniform distribution of the reinforcement. The EDX results show the presence of the reinforcing elements in the Al-SiC composite. From the results obtained from the hardness testing, it is observed that the presence of the carbide element in the composite increases the hardness of the Al-SiC particulate composites

Post-tsunami oceanographic conditions in southern Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal

Physical oceanographic conditions along the east and west coasts of India immediately after the recent devastating tsunami are presented here. The thermocline in the southeast coast exhibited trivial downward tilt towards north. A mixed layer deepening (>50 m) associated with low-salinity ( 36.0 psu) was identified as the Arabian Sea high salinity water mass along the west coast of India around 100 m depth up to 10°N. The heat content changes closely followed similar changes in the depth of the 20°C isotherm. Turbidity measurements using light scattering sensor showed the existence of two layers of high-scattering, one around 40 m and the other around 250 m. The shallow high-scattering layer is associated with high chlorophyll a concentration, but the deeper high-scattering layer noticed at shallow stations off the west and east coasts of India may be due to the resuspension of the sea-floor sediments due to turbulence generated by the tsunami

Development and characterization of biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles loaded with lovastatin using factorial design

The objective of the present work was to formulate chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for the lovastatin, since this drug undergoes extensive first pass extraction in the liver, and bioavailibity is low (< 5 %). Nanoparticles were prepared by modified ionotropic gelation method using 32 full factorial design. From the preliminary trials, the constraints for independent variables X1 (concentration of chitosan) and X2 (concentration of sodium tripolyphosphate) have been fixed and examined to investigate effect on particle size, encapsulation efficiency, zeta potential, % release, SEM, FTIR, XRD and DSC analysis of lovastatin. The diameter of prepared nanoparticles was controlled in the range of 100-800 nm, spherical shape and narrow diameter distribution. The release profiles of all batches were very well fitted by both the zero order model and the anomalous transport. These results indicate that lovastatin nanoparticles could be effective in sustaining drug release for a prolonged period.Colegio de Farmacéuticos de la Provincia de Buenos Aire

Disruption of an Aligned Dendritic Network by Bubbles During Re-Melting in a Microgravity Environment

The quiescent Microgravity environment can be quite dynamic. Thermocapillary flow about "large" static bubbles on the order of 1mm in diameter was easily observed by following smaller tracer bubbles. The bubble induced flow was seen to disrupt a large dendritic array, effectively distributing free branches about the solid-liquid interface. "Small" dynamic bubbles were observed to travel at fast velocities through the mushy zone with the implication of bringing/detaching/redistributing dendrite arm fragments at the solid-liquid interface. Large and small bubbles effectively re-orient/re-distribute dendrite branches/arms/fragments at the solid liquid interface. Subsequent initiation of controlled directional solidification results in growth of dendrites having random orientations which significantly compromises the desired science

Thyroid dysfunction in human immuno-deficiency virus infected patients: a non-randomized, cross-sectional, single-center study

Background: Increasing prevalence of thyroid dysfunction has been reported in human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. However, there is insufficient evidence to recommend routine thyroid screening of asymptomatic individuals. Hence, this study was undertaken in an attempt to resolve these issues. Objectives of this non-randomized, cross-sectional, single-center study was to study thyroid function in HIV positive patients at various stages of disease. Methods: This single-center study was carried out at Al-Ameen Medical College Hospital and Government District Hospital Bijapur, Karnataka, India from December 2020 to December 2022. The final selected study population included newly diagnosed adult and adolescent (17-60 years) HIV+ patients was composed of 100 participants of either gender. Patients were interviewed and enrolled in the study after examining in detail according to the proforma and then by taking their written consent and explaining the purpose of the study. The thyroid hormone assays (S. TSH, FT3 and FT4) were done by chemiluminescence immuno assay (CLIA) using ADVIA Centaur-equipment. Results: Overall mean age was 36 years (range in years: 17–66 years) and 66 patients (66%) were males. Male: female ratio of 1.94:1 was recorded. In the 50 patients having acquired immuno-deficiency virus (AIDS), FT3 levels ranged from 0.230 to 4.0 picogram/ml with a mean of 2.131+0.9826 picogram/ml. In 50 patients having AIDS, the FT4 levels ranged from 0.30 to 1.90 nanogram/dI with a mean 1.179±0.4484 nanogram/dl. Conclusions: All forms of thyroid dysfunction were observed

Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences Development and characterisation of oral fast dissolving tablet of nifedipine using camphor as a subliming material

ABSTRACT Mouth fast dissolving drug delivery system has gained high patient acceptability and popularity in the recent times. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of increasing nifedipine load on the characteristics of fast-disintegrating sublingual tablets for the potential emergency treatment of anginal pain and hypertension. Nifedipine undergoes first pass metabolism in liver and gut wall which has oral bioavailability of 43-77%. Sublingual dosage form bypasses the metabolism of the nifedipine in liver and offers a fast relieve from anginal pain and hypertension. An attempt has been made to prepare fast dissolving tablets of nifedipine were prepared by wet granulation technique using camphor as subliming agent and sodium starch glycolate together with crosscarmellose sodium as superdisintegrants, flavor and sweetner impart the taste to the formulation. The porous granules were compressed in to tablets by single punch tablet machine. Camphor was sublimed from the tablet by exposing to vacuum drier at 60°c for 12 hrs. All the formulations were evaluated for weight variation, hardness, friability, content uniformity, wetting time, disintegration time and dissolution rate. Among the formulations, (NEF6) one containing to be the best acceptable in terms of palatability, fast dissolving tablet having adequate strength. The disintegration time was found to be 58.0 ± 0.4 seconds, hardness of 3.4 ± 0.41 kg/cm2, wetting time of 39.3 ± 1.80 sec and drug release of 99.96% in 10 mins. All the formulations showed low weight variation. The present study demonstrated potentials for rapid absorption, improved bioavailability, effective therapy and patient compliance

Recent Decline in Antarctic Sea Ice Cover From 2016 to 2022: Insights From Satellite Observations, Argo Floats, and Model Reanalysis

Ever since the abrupt drop in Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) began in spring of 2016, as opposed to its consistent growth (1.95% decade–1 from 1979 to 2015), the SIE in the satellite era has reached record lows in 2017 and 2022. From spring 2016, the satellite-based SIE remained consistently lower than the long-term mean, with the trend dropping to 0.11% decade–1 from 1979 to 2022. The top record lowest SIE years were observed from 2016 to 2022, corresponding to the warmest years dating back to 1979. With this background, the rare features of Antarctic polynyas reoccurred frequently and the west Antarctic Peninsula remained ice-free throughout 2022. Recently, the SIE dropped to a record low in June 2022, July 2022, August 2022, January 2023, and February 2023, which were 13.67%, 9.91%, 6.79%, 39.29%, 39.56% below the long-term mean value, respectively for months described above. We find that the observed decline in SIE during 2016–2022 occurred due to the combined influences from the intensification of atmospheric zonal waves with enhanced poleward transport of warm-moist air and anomalous warming in the Southern Ocean mixed layer (>1°C). Although the sudden sea ice decline in spring of 2016 occurred corresponding to the transitional climate shift from IPO– (Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation, 2000–2014) to IPO+ (2014–2016), the recent decline after 2016 occurred in a dominant IPO– and Southern Annular Mode (SAM+). CMIP6 models showed a consistent decrease in ensemble-mean SIE from 1979 to 2022. The model trend exhibits similarities to the recent declining trend in SIE from satellite observations since 2016, suggesting a possible shift towards a warmer climatic regime