Occurrence of small fruit viruses in Belarus

Epidemiological control of plant virus diseases is necessary for creation of small fruit nurseries and production of berries with stable high yields. Phytosanitary state of Rubus idaeus L. and Ribes sp. L. was studied in Belarus. The aim of the research was to determine the most widespread small fruit viruses and to select plants that free from all tested viruses for further propagation in vitro as a basis for Nuclear stock. The following viruses were identified: CMV, ApMV, SLRV, RRV, RBDV, ArMV, TBRV and ToRSV. High level of virus infection for small fruit plantations was shown. The most common viruses for all three crops (raspberry, red and black currant) were RRV, SLRV and ArMV. It was noted that infection level of viruses considerably varied from plant cultivars and crops.Keywords: Viruses, raspberry, black currant, red currant, Belaru

Occurrence of small fruit viruses in Belarus

Epidemiological control of plant virus diseases is necessary for creation of small fruit nurseries and production of berries with stable high yields. Phytosanitary state of Rubus idaeus L. and Ribes sp. L. was studied in Belarus. The aim of the research was to determine the most widespread small fruit viruses and to select plants that free from all tested viruses for further propagation in vitro as a basis for Nuclear stock. The following viruses were identified: CMV, ApMV, SLRV, RRV, RBDV, ArMV, TBRV and ToRSV. High level of virus infection for small fruit plantations was shown. The most common viruses for all three crops (raspberry, red and black currant) were RRV, SLRV and ArMV. It was noted that infection level of viruses considerably varied from plant cultivars and crops. Keywords: Viruses, raspberry, black currant, red currant, Belaru

ВЕГЕТАТИВНАЯ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ РАСТЕНИЙ МАЛИНЫ (RUBUS IDAEUS L.) ПОСЛЕ КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИЯ IN VITRO

The vegetative productivity of raspberry varieties Alyonushka and Meteor after in vitro propagation is evaluated, and the productivity of raspberry plants grown in different regions of Belarus is compared. It’s established that vegetative productivity of raspberry plants after in vitro depends on a variety, plants age, and the region of growing. The largest amount of young plants per one mother plant of Alyonushka variety was obtained after the first year of plant growing, and Meteor variety – after the third year. It’s shown that the vegetative productivity of Alyonushka variety is higher when it’s grown in Gomel region.Проведена оценка вегетативной продуктивности растений малины сортов Аленушка и Метеор в полевых условиях после культуры in vitro, а также сравнение продуктивности оздоровленных маточников при выращивании в разных областях Беларуси. Установлено, что вегетативная продуктивность растений малины после культуры in vitro зависит от сорта, возраста растений, а также региона возделывания маточника. Наибольшее количество саженцев с одного маточного куста у растений сорта Аленушка было получено в 1-й год эксплуатации маточника, а для растений сорта Метеор – на 3-й год. Показано, что вегетативная продуктивность растений сорта Аленушка была выше при выращивании растений в условиях Гомельской области.Ил. 1. Табл. 1. Библиогр. – 7 назв

Multilocus genetic characterization of phytoplasmas

Classification of phytoplasmas into 16S ribosomal groups and subgroups and \u2018Candidatus Phytoplasma\u2019 species designation have been primarily based on the conserved 16S rRNA gene. However, distinctions among closely related \u2018Ca. Phytoplasma\u2019 species and strains based on 16S rRNA gene alone have limitations imposed by the high degree of rRNA nucleotide sequence conservation across diverse phytoplasma lineages and by the presence in a phytoplasma genome of two, sometimes sequence heterogeneous, copies of this gene. Thus, in recent years, moderately conserved genes have been used as additional genetic markers with the aim to enhance the resolving power in delineating distinct phytoplasma strains among members of some 16S ribosomal subgroups. The present chapter is divided in two parts: the first part describes the non-ribosomal single-copy genes less conserved (housekeeping genes) such as ribosomal protein (rp), secY, secA, rpoB, tuf, and groEL genes, which have been extensively used for differentiation across the majority of phytoplasmas; the second part describes the differentiation of phytoplasmas in the diverse ribosomal groups using multiple genes including housekeeping genes and variable genes encoding surface proteins

Multilocus genetic characterization of phytoplasmas

Classification of phytoplasmas into 16S ribosomal groups and subgroups and \u2018Candidatus Phytoplasma\u2019 species designation have been primarily based on the conserved 16S rRNA gene. However, distinctions among closely related \u2018Ca. Phytoplasma\u2019 species and strains based on 16S rRNA gene alone have limitations imposed by the high degree of rRNA nucleotide sequence conservation across diverse phytoplasma lineages and by the presence in a phytoplasma genome of two, sometimes sequence heterogeneous, copies of this gene. Thus, in recent years, moderately conserved genes have been used as additional genetic markers with the aim to enhance the resolving power in delineating distinct phytoplasma strains among members of some 16S ribosomal subgroups. The present chapter is divided in two parts: the first part describes the non-ribosomal single-copy genes less conserved (housekeeping genes) such as ribosomal protein (rp), secY, secA, rpoB, tuf, and groEL genes, which have been extensively used for differentiation across the majority of phytoplasmas; the second part describes the differentiation of phytoplasmas in the diverse ribosomal groups using multiple genes including housekeeping genes and variable genes encoding surface proteins