Denotational semantics of CSP

AbstractIn this paper we propose a new denotational semantics for CSP. The domains used in the semantics are very simple, compared to those used in other approaches to the semantics of CSP. Moreover, our denotations are more abstract than those of the other approaches

Evaluation of home based insulin therapy and its complications.

Patient and Parents (Caregivers) Involvement forms the corner stone of management of chronic diseases such as diabetes. OBJECTIVES 1) To assess the problems of Home based Insulin Therapy in Type I Diabetic Children less than 12 years. 2) To assess the impact of counseling on correction of error during home based insulin therapy. METHODS Home based Insulin therapy patients are counseled in the form of oral and video demonstrations, Interacting sessions and clarified the doubts in our hospital. 3 visits in three months interval. Total No of Patients 50. In front of observer, patient load the Injection, during the procedure which of the following things are observed and recorded in proforma. 1) Order of loading 2) Accuracy of dose 3) Pre skin cleaning prior to injection 4) Skin pinch 5) Needle angle 6) Lime rotation 7) Site Rotation 8) Site related problem and blood drawn for check the level of Hba1c. Those patients pre and post counseling data entered and compared results are statistically analysed. RESULTS According to the study problems of home based insulin therapy are. 1) SMBG frequency 2) Accuracy of dose 3) Skin pinch 4) Needle angle 5) disposal of syringe 6) Local site problems 7) Site rotation and HbA1c. Non Problematic area Non Problematic areas are order of loading of insulin, pre skin cleaning, limb rotation. Counseling and demonstration resulted in statistically significantly improvement seen. This emphasis the need for continued counseling and demonstration on all visits to the diabetic clinic. CONCLUSION The problems of home based insulin theraphy are identify namely. 1) SMBG frequently 2) Accuracy of the dose 3) Needle angle 4) Skin Pinch 5)Local Site problem 6) Site rotation and HBA1c control. The problems are improved significantly with counseling and demonstration. Hence the need for continue diabetic education is obvious. This study emphasis the need for counseling by qualified personnel devoting plenty of time with demonstration improve quality and longevity of life and Juvenile diabetes

Ellipsometric Studies on Silver Telluride Thin Films

Silver telluride thin films of thickness between 45 nm and 145 nm were thermally evaporated on well cleaned glass substrates at high vacuum better than 10 – 5 mbar. Silver telluride thin films are polycrystalline with monoclinic structure was confirmed by X-ray diffractogram studies. AFM and SEM images of these films are also recorded. The phase ratio and amplitude ratio of these films were recorded in the wavelength range between 300 nm and 700 nm using spectroscopic ellipsometry and analysed to determine its optical band gap, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and dielectric functions. High absorption coefficient determined from the analysis of recorded spectra indicates the presence of direct band transition. The optical band gap of silver telluride thin films is thickness dependent and proportional to square of reciprocal of thickness. The dependence of optical band gap of silver telluride thin films on film thickness has been explained through quantum size effect. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2371

A prospective study on adverse drug reactions reported in a tertiary referral hospital

Background: To determine the incidence of Adverse drug reactions in our hospital, to study the age wise distribution, the role of concurrent medication and the common drugs that are prone to cause adverse drug reactions and its seriousness.Methods: After getting prior approval from Institutional ethical committee a prospective study was done where in cases attending OPD, ward, ICU were studied over a year. A complete history was taken regarding drug exposure (dosage, date started, duration and interruptions in use), initiation of drug use and onset of reaction, previous adverse drug reactions, improvement after decrease in dosage, disease states predisposing to eruptions, previous family and personal history of skin disease, environmental and occupational exposure to chemicals. Relevant laboratory test such as blood investigations, liver and renal function tests are carried out and results were analysed statistically by SPSS version 21 and interpretations done based on the results.Results: Incidence of ADR among OPD =0.18, IPD=1.98, OPD+IPD=0.39 /1000cases.The highest incidence of Adverse drug reactions were found among the age group of 30-39 years (27.45%), 40-49 years (23.53%), with the highest among antibiotic group of drugs (35.29%) involving a maximum duration of 2-7 days. Drug reactions mostly occurred with the oral route 66.67) and most of it requiring hospitalization (47.06%), 60.78% of reactions were manifested in skin, 58.82% of patients with ADR had concomitant medications and 19.61% had Diabetes mellitus, 90% of reactions abated after drug withdrawal with regard to its outcome 94.12% of reactions recovered.Conclusions: The study suggest the adverse drug reactions commonly occur in middle age, mostly manifesting in skin with oral route of administration ,associated with concomitant medications and it requires hospitalisation with a good recovery rate with diabetes being the common comorbid disorder

Development of wound dressing film using methanolic extracts of freshwater microalgae and determining its wound healing ability

Wound healing is a complex process in which bacterial infection is a major cause for delayed wound healing. Occurrence of drug resistance among bacterial pathogens led to discovery of new antimicrobial agents from new sources. The present study aimed to identify microalgal metabolites with antibacterial activity and to develop a wound dressing film with their potential healing activity. Microalgal samples were collected from three different freshwater habitats, isolated, made them pure cultures and physico-chemical properties of water samples from the respective sampling sites were analzed. Among the three microalgal isolates,  Chlorella sp. NRMC-F-0350 showed antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of  E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, functional groups present in Chlorella sp. NRMC-F-0350 were identified using FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Several antibacterial compounds viz. benzoxazole, 1,2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid, sistosterol, 9-Octadecanoic acid, eicosane and hexadecane were identified. Wound dressing films were developed and showed evident antibacterial as well as significant wound healing activity (84.5%). Therefore, the developed films can be used as a potential wound dressing material.&nbsp

Quantum Limits of Eisenstein Series and Scattering states

We identify the quantum limits of scattering states for the modular surface. This is obtained through the study of quantum measures of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series away from the critical line. We provide a range of stability for the quantum unique ergodicity theorem of Luo and Sarnak.Comment: 12 pages, Corrects a typo and its ramification from previous versio

Elevated sea surface temperature during May 2010 induces mass bleaching of corals in the Andaman

Increasing sea surface temperature (SST) and its consequences on marine ecosystems are widely discussed. Andaman Sea witnessed a few bleaching events during 1998, 2002 and 2005. The present study was taken up to assess the extent of bleaching during 2010 in selected reef sites in the Andaman through line intercept transect survey. It was found that the fully bleached corals as a percentage of total coral cover were maximum at Havelock Island (69.49), followed by South Button Island (67.28), Nicolson Island (56.45), Red Skin Island (43.39), North Bay (41.65) and Chidiyatapu (36.54). Branching corals were the worst affected, whereas the massive corals were found to have relatively withstood the elevated SST. The status of reefs and the variability in bleaching with the progression of SST with respect to different coral species are discussed

Networks link antigenic and receptor-binding sites of influenza hemagglutinin: Mechanistic insight into fitter strain propagation

Influenza viral passaging through pre-vaccinated mice shows that emergent antigenic site mutations on the viral hemagglutinin (HA) impact host receptor-binding affinity and, therefore, the evolution of fitter influenza strains. To understand this phenomenon, we computed the Significant Interactions Network (SIN) for each residue and mapped the networks of antigenic site residues on a representative H1N1 HA. Specific antigenic site residues are ‘linked’ to receptor-binding site (RBS) residues via their SIN and mutations within “RBS-linked” antigenic residues can significantly influence receptor-binding affinity by impacting the SIN of key RBS residues. In contrast, other antigenic site residues do not have such “RBS-links” and do not impact receptor-binding affinity upon mutation. Thus, a potential mechanism emerges for how immunologic pressure on RBS-linked antigenic residues can contribute to evolution of fitter influenza strains by modulating the host receptor-binding affinity

Direct in vivo evidence on the mechanism by which nanoparticles facilitate the absorption of a water insoluble, P-gp substrate

Here we examine the mechanisms by which nanoparticles enable the oral absorption of water-insoluble, P-glycoprotein efflux pump (P-gp) substrates, without recourse to P-gp inhibitors. Both 200 nm paclitaxel N-(2-phenoxyacetyl)-6-O-glycolchitosan (GCPh) nanoparticles (GCPh-PTX) and a simulated Taxol formulation, facilitate drug dissolution in biorelevant media, unlike paclitaxel nanocrystals. Verapamil (40 mg kg−1) increased the oral absorption from low dose Taxol (6 or 10 mg kg−1) by 100%, whereas the oral absorption from high dose Taxol (20 mg kg−1) or low dose GCPh-PTX (6 or 10 mg kg−1) was largely unchanged by verapamil. There was virtually no absorption from control paclitaxel nanocrystals (20 mg kg−1). Imaging of ex-vivo rat ileum samples showed that fluorescently labelled GCPh nanoparticles are mucoadhesive and are taken up by ileum epithelial cells. GCPh nanoparticles were also found to open Caco-2 cell tight junctions. In conclusion, mucoadhesive, drug solubilising GCPh nanoparticles enable the oral absorption of paclitaxel via the saturation of the P-gp pump (by high local drug concentrations) and by particle uptake and tight junction opening mechanisms