ポポウに関する研究(第 2 報) : 自家授粉による結実歩合並びに花粉の発芽試驗に就て

1,西京大学農学部演習林苗圃に栽植されているポポウ樹を用い, 授粉と結実との関係を明らかにする目的を以て, 自家結実歩合, 花粉の発芽試験並に花柱内の花粉管の行動を調査した。2,自花受精率は0%, 自家受精率は10∿22%, 他家受精率は35%を示めした。3,幼花に対し人工的な自家並に他家授粉は受精率極めて低く問題にならない。4,花粉の発芽に就ては, 発芽温度20℃に於て新鮮花粉は3時間後70%, 5日間貯藏花粉は40%内外の発芽率を示めし, 発芽温度15℃で新鮮花粉は3時間後55%, 5日間貯藏花粉は20%内外の発芽率を示めし, 20℃に較べ花粉管の伸長が幾分劣る。尚培養基の蔗糖濃度の相違が発芽に及ぼす影響は大して認められなかつた。5,成花の花柱内の花粉管の行動は所謂螺旋状, 扁平, 逃避等の異常成長及び花粉管先端の膨大は認められず, 授粉後大略20時間位で子房内に伸長している。The data reported in this paper include the results of studies on the fruit setting by the self pollination, germination test of pollen and pollen tube behavior in style, pertaining to pollination and fruit setting on the pawpaw (Asimina triloba DUNAL). The results obtained were as follows : (1). Fertilizing percentage of the strictly self pollination registered 0 percent. (2). Fertilizing percentage of the neighbour pollination registered 22 percent. (3). Fertilizing percentage of the intra specific pollinaton registered 35 percent, and fertilizing percentage of artificial self and cross pollination in young flowers was lowest, and it was entirely useless. (4). In the case of germination percentage in temperature 20℃, fresh pollen registered 70 percent and strage pollen for 5 day\u27s registered 40 percent in after 3 hours. In the case of temperature 15℃, fresh pollen registered 55 percent and strage pollen for 5 day\u27s registered 20 percent in after 3 hours, and pollen tube elongation was worse than temperature 20℃. We could not found the influence to germination in difference of sucrose concentration of medium. (5). We could not found the abnormal growth of pollen tube behavior as if to show flatness, spiral, escape, expansion of pollen tube point, etc in maturity style, and the pollen tube arrived at the ovary in 20 hours ago

ポポウに関する研究(第 4 報) : 花粉の抗濕性及び落果調査に就て

1. 西京大学農学部演習林苗圃に栽植されているボポウ樹を供試して, 水湿及び低温による花粉処理が発芽能力及び結実歩合に及ぼす影響を調査し, 併せて落果現象に就ても調査した。2. 花粉の抗湿性は比較的強く, 発芽能力並に結果歩合には大した影響が認められないが, 水中10分間浸漬処理では稍能力が減少した。3. 花粉の低温処理(0∿3℃1時間, 7∿10℃4時間)に於ては大した能力の減退は認められず, 0∿3℃3時間では発芽能力は若干減少した。低温処理が長時間の場合には能力が減少する様に思はれる。4. 開葯1日前の同様な低温処理は花粉発芽に及ぼす影響は認められなかつた。5. 落果の波相は花後1週間頃に第1回, 5月中旬に第2回, 5月下旬に第3回の山が見られ, 初期の落果は不受精により, 後期落果は種子の発育不完全及び果実と枝葉並びに果実間の養分競合等の生理的原因によるものと考えられる。The data reported in this paper include the results of studies on the germination ability and fertilizing percentage by the submerision and low temperature treatment of the pollen. Other wise, In order to study the cause of physiological dropping of pawpaw fruit, the periodicity of fruit dropping was investigated in 1955. Results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The submerision tolerance of the pollen are comparatively hard, but in the case of soaked in water during ten minute, the pollen activity were decreased something. On the low temperature treatment (0∿3℃, 1 hour : 7∿10℃, 4 hours), pollen activity were not decreased, but in the case of meeted with the low temperature in 0∿3℃ during 3 hours, germination activity were decreased. It seemed that the pollen activity were decreased in the long time of the low temperature disposition. 2. In the pawpaw, three waves of physiological fruit drop have been observed. The first of these occured in about 1 week after full bloom and these fruits were almost seedless, and it seemed that they were not fertilized. The second peak occured in the period of the vigorous elongation of the new shoot, in the middle of MAY. The third wave of fruit dropping occured in the last part of MAY. Probably, it seemed that the last two waves of the fruit dropping occured by the competition of nutrition or water between the fruit and shoot or fruit and fruit

遮光が桃樹の生育, 光合成及び葉の内部構造に及ぼす影響(農学部門)

5年生高陽白桃を供試して地上部を葭簀で遮光処理を行い, 枝葉の伸長量, 同化量, 葉の内部構造等を生長に伴つて季節的に比較調査し, 生長末期に円陣法によつて根群の分布を観察し, 併せて地上部, 地下部の生体重を比較測定した。新梢伸長は遮光によつて抑制され, 遮光程度が進むと枯死した。葉の生長では横径よりも縦径に及ぼす影響が大きく, 遮光程度が少ない場合には徒長して葉面積が大きく, 葉肉組織の厚さは薄くなり柵状, 海綿状組織は粗であつた。遮光によつて同化作用は抑制され, 無処理区に対して2/5∿1/10程度に低下し, 曇雨天日には晴天日に比して減少程度が顕著であつた。遮光の処理は根の生長にも悪影響を及ぼし, 伸長分布は水平的にも垂直的にも抑制され, 特に細根量が著しく減少した。1. Experiments were carried out in 1959 in order to study the effects of covering 5 years old peach trees with bamboo blind through the growing season, from the view point of the shoot elongation, photosynthesis, and the internal structure of leaves and roots system. 2. As the results, the shoot elongation and leaf thickness were decreased by shading, and the internal structure of leaves are non compacted to compared with the natural leaves. The natural range of roots were observed in radius of 3m and at a depth of 120cm, while the roots of covering plot were not observed more than radius of 2m and at a depth of 90cm, especially the fibrous roots were decreased. The photosynthesis were decreasad by shading, and the influence of covering became powerful in cloudy more than fine days

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049