1,237 research outputs found
Climate informed engineering: An essential pillar of industry 4.0 transformation
Breakthroughs in computing have led to development of new generations of Earth Systems Models providing detailed information on how our planet may locally respond to the ongoing global warming. Access to such climate information systems presents an unprecedented opportunity for engineers to make tangible contributions to climate adaptation through integration of climate information in their products, designs, and services. We introduce the concept of “Climate Informed Engineering” (CIE) as an emerging interdisciplinary field integrating climatic considerations in engineering products and services. The concept behind CIE is to enable engineers to build infrastructure, devices, sensors or develop new materials and processes that are informed by climate and climate change information. We believe CIE will be an increasingly important dimension of Engineering Science resonating with engineers and scientists with different backgrounds
Superconductivity in hole-doped C60 from electronic correlations
We derive a model for the highest occupied molecular orbital band of a C60
crystal which includes on-site electron-electron interactions. The form of the
interactions are based on the icosahedral symmetry of the C60 molecule together
with a perturbative treatment of an isolated C60 molecule. Using this model we
do a mean-field calculation in two dimensions on the [100] surface of the
crystal. Due to the multi-band nature we find that electron-electron
interactions can have a profound effect on the density of states as a function
of doping. The doping dependence of the transition temperature can then be
qualitatively different from that expected from simple BCS theory based on the
density of states from band structure calculations
Оценка пригодности сиштофа для получения пеностекольных материалов
In this work gives the analysis of suitability of use of by-product processing aluminum for manufacture of heat-insulating material construction purpose
Electron-Phonon Coupling in Charged Buckminsterfullerene
A simple, yet accurate solution of the electron-phonon coupling problem in
C_{60} is presented. The basic idea behind it is to be found in the
parametrization of the ground state electronic density of the system calculated
making use of ab-initio methods, in term of sp hybridized orbitals.
This parametrization allows for an economic determination of the deformation
potential associated with the fullerene's normal modes. The resulting
electron-phonon coupling constants are used to calculate Jahn-Teller effects in
C_{60}^-, and multiple satellite peaks in the corresponding photoemission
reaction. Theory provides an accurate account of the experimental findings.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in Chem. Phys. Let
Hadron Spectroscopy with COMPASS at CERN
The aim of the COMPASS hadron programme is to study the light-quark hadron
spectrum, and in particular, to search for evidence of hybrids and glueballs.
COMPASS is a fixed-target experiment at the CERN SPS and features a two-stage
spectrometer with high momentum resolution, large acceptance, particle
identification and calorimetry. A short pilot run in 2004 resulted in the
observation of a spin-exotic state with consistent with the
debated . In addition, Coulomb production at low momentum transfer
data provide a test of Chiral Perturbation Theory. During 2008 and 2009, a
world leading data set was collected with hadron beam which is currently being
analysed. The large statistics allows for a thorough decomposition of the data
into partial waves. The COMPASS hadron data span over a broad range of channels
and shed light on several different aspects of QCD.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Formalising theories of human decision-making for agent-based modelling of social-ecological systems: practical lessons learned and ways forward
Kv2.1 channels prevent vasomotion and safeguard myogenic reactivity in rat small superior cerebellar arteries
Vascular smooth muscle voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels have been proposed to contribute to myogenic autoregulation. Surprisingly, in initial experiments, we observed that the Kv2 channel inhibitor stromatoxin induced vasomotion without affecting myogenic tone. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that Kv2 channels contribute to myogenic autoregulation by fine-tuning the myogenic response. Expression of Kv2 channel mRNA was determined using real-time PCR and ‘multiplex’ single-cell RT-PCR. Potassium currents were measured using the patch-clamp technique. Contractile responses of intact arteries were studied using isobaric myography. Expression of Kv2.1 but not Kv2.2 channels was detected in intact rat superior cerebellar arteries and in single smooth muscle cells. Stromatoxin, a high-affinity inhibitor of Kv2 channels, reduced smooth muscle Kv currents by 61% at saturating concentrations (EC50 36 nmol/L). Further, stromatoxin (10–100 nmol/L) induced pronounced vasomotion in 48% of the vessels studied. In vessels not exhibiting vasomotion, stromatoxin did not affect myogenic reactivity. Notably, in vessels exhibiting stromatoxin-induced vasomotion, pressure increases evoked two effects: First, they facilitated the occurrence of random vasodilations and/or vasoconstrictions, disturbing the myogenic response (24% of the vessels). Second, they modified the vasomotion by decreasing its amplitude and increasing its frequency, thereby destabilizing myogenic tone (76% of the vessels). Our study demonstrates that (i) Kv2.1 channels are the predominantly expressed Kv channels in smooth muscle cells of rat superior cerebellar arteries, and (ii) Kv2.1 channels provide a novel type of negative feedback mechanism in myogenic autoregulation by preventing vasomotion and thereby safeguarding the myogenic response
The influence of Galactic aberration on precession parameters determined from VLBI observations
The influence of proper motions of sources due to Galactic aberration on
precession models based on VLBI data is determined. Comparisons of the linear
trends in the coordinates of the celestial pole obtained with and without
taking into account Galactic aberration indicate that this effect can reach 20
as per century, which is important for modern precession models. It is
also shown that correcting for Galactic aberration influences the derived
parameters of low-frequency nutation terms. It is therefore necessary to
correct for Galactic aberration in the reduction of modern astrometric
observations
Recommended from our members
Aseptic Zero Discharge Fluid Dynamic Gauging for Measuring the Thickness of Soft Layers on Surfaces
A bench-top device that can be used to perform fluid dynamic gauging measurements of soft solid layers with zero net liquid discharge and potentially under aseptic (closed system) conditions is demonstrated. Test results are presented for Newtonian liquids with a range of viscosities: deionized water, sucrose solutions, glycerol/water solutions and paraffin oil. The experimental data for discharge coefficient Cd against clearance/nozzle throat diameter gave good agreement with CFD simulations and literature. The influence of surface roughness was studied by making measurements on a series of commercial sandpapers. The rough surfaces gave rise to systematic differences in Cd from those obtained with smooth substrates. Careful calibration is required when gauging rough surfaces.Development of the ZFDG concept was supported by the Royal Society's Paul Instrument Fund. The test rig was constructed by the technical team, in particular Karl Karrenführer, Jörg Leppelt and Sven Lorenzen, at the Institute for Chemical and Thermal Process Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig. Funding from Fitzwilliam College for Shiyao Wang is also gratefully acknowledged.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.20160001
Using NuRadioMC to study the performance of UHE radio neutrino detectors
NuRadioMC is an open-source, Python-based simulation and reconstruction framework for radio detectors of ultra-high energy neutrinos and cosmic rays. Its modular design makes NuRadioMC suitable for use with a range of past, current and future detectors. In addition, the recent deployment
of a complete documentation as well as a pip release make NuRadioMC relatively easy to learn and use. Here, we outline the features currently available and under development in NuRadioMC, with a focus on its usage to simulate and study in-ice radio neutrino detectors
- …